The Hanok City Masterplan is the culmination of the work done by students in the 2012 Physical Planning and Urban Design Capstone as part of their master's requirements at the University of Michigan.

1. hanok city
a multigenerational home

2. contents
h an ok c ity. . . a home for all generations
unique identity: the new multigenerational home A5
accessible A11
interconnected transit A14
flexible streets A16
the intermodal hub A18
services network A24
healthy A29
water A32
energy A38
waste management A40
landscape A42
urban ecology A44
social A47
network of social spaces A50
the parc A52
the boardwalk A58
the street marketplace A60
the village square A62
the parc promenade A64
tour of the home A67
building the home A83
connecting to the region A84
policy framework A86
site level implementation A90
block level implementation A92
vertical proximity requirement A96
vertical community space ratio A98
appendix A103
A2 A3

3. a home has a
unique
ide ntity
the new multi generational home
Hanok City combines the core qualities of Seoul’s culture
with urban density, transit accessibility, ecological vitality,
and livability. The people living and visiting Hanok City are
in the heart of an international business network, a diverse
ecosystem, and a historical city with cultural traditions
that date back to 17 BC. This plan revisits the traditional
understanding of family, the home, and agglomeration.
Beyond the advantages of Hanok City’s geographical
location on the Han River and only 25 minutes from
downtown Seoul, the site’s infrastructure and density
present another set of advantages. The plan’s systems
will not only accommodate a highly dense and rapidly
aging population, but also support it, nurture it, and
let it grow and change over time. Age-friendly design
considerations are woven into the urban fabric to ensure
that all of the opportunities in Hanok City can be utilized by
every person, young and old.
Hanok City will serve as a model for vertical cities and
aging populations around the world, showcasing a deep
rooted culture and celebrating an exciting future.
A4 A5

4. h a n o k c it y u n iq u e id e n t it y
t he n ew m ult ige n e r a ti o n al h o me
l e a r n i n g f ro m s o u th k o re a n tra d it ional f amily st ruct ure
Tra d i t i o n a l S o uth K o re a n fa mi l y Hanok City br ings the best aspects
s t ru c t u r e i s c h a n g i n g : of m ultigener ational fam ily life to the
ur ban r ealm :
Today, three and four-generation families living in one
household is increasingly rare. According to the National Because the traditional structure of the Korean home
Statistical Office in South Korea, the number of households is changing, where a more globalized people prefer
increased 11.1% from 2001 to 2006 due to an increase independence from their family, then the city will need to
in the number of single households. About 55 percent of take on the role of the traditional home and facilitate a
the 15.8 million households in South Korea in 2006 were supportive and vibrant environment for multigenerational
nuclear families, with only parents and children living interaction. Hanok City is envisioned as this new
together. Only 6.9 percent were three-generation families multigenerational home, where people of all ages and
and only 0.1 percent of households were four-generation backgrounds are constantly interacting, supporting, and
families. learning from each other.
Wha t d o e s t h i s me a n fo r l i fe i n S outh Hanok City represents a new design paradigm: leveraging Traditional South Korean family structure: multiple The f ut ure of Yongs a n: m ul ti pl e ge ne r a ti ons
Kore a ? the advantages of an extremely dense urban environment generations living and interacting in the same household. l i vi ng and i nt e r a c ti ng i n the c i ty i n a v a r i e ty
(an agglomeration of economies, peoples, and services) of publ i c and c om m uni ty s pa c e s !
The change in family structure in South Korea is not to create a vibrant, livable, and adaptive home for all
necessarily a negative thing; a 1996 research report by The generations.
Institute for Gerontological Studies of Korea stated that
often the main reasons for multi generational co-residence
was “practicality” rather than it being “natural”. Both young
and old Koreans more often prefer independence from
extended family when it comes to living arrangements.
Even so, as more Koreans live in single apartments and
separate from relatives, many of the positive aspects of
multi generational living is lost. When young and old reside
together, family members often provide care, emotional
support, and a diverse social environment for each other.
The elderly can interact and be entertained by younger
generations. Children can learn from the experience
and vast knowledge of their parents and grandparents.
Relatives can help parents with household duties and
childcare, and parents and other relatives can provide
care and support for their elderly family members.
Typical ur ban cit ies: diff icult or uncom f or t able The f ut ure of Yongs a n: a ge -fr i e ndl y a m e ni ti e s
living envir onm ent s, especially f or t he elder ly and desi gn t o m a k e a v i br a nt a nd a ttr a c ti v e
and t hose wit h lesser m obilit y. envi ronment f or a l l !
A6 A7

5. h a n o k c it y u n iq u e id e n t it y
t he n ew m ult ige n e r a ti o n al h o me
a c c e s s i b l e , h ea lth y, a n d s o c ia l
k e y c h a r a c t e r i s ti cs o f a
mu lt i g e n e r a t i o n a l h o me : a home is...
• Part of a larger regional community; one that
connects to the culture and resources around it. accessible g o al:
a c entr al and
components:
interconnected transit
c onnec ted netw or k complete and flexible streets
• Accessible to all ages, incomes of people; one that intermodal hub
enables mobility and the potential for interaction. services network
• Promotes the health of people and nature, while
protecting them from threats to their wellbeing
healthy g o al:
env i r onm ental
components:
water
• Facilitates social interaction through a variety of
open spaces, community spaces, recreational and
s us tai nabi l i ty that energy
entertainment venues. l as ts waste management
landscape
urban ecology
• Adaptable to the changing needs of its residents
social g o al:
fl ex i bl e and v i br ant
components:
network of spaces
nearest open spaces s oc i al s pac es the parc
10th floor
the boardwalk
76th floor
the parc, 5m
the street marketplace
plaza, 10m the village square
the parc promenade
A8 A9

6. a home is
acc e s s ible
interconnected transit
complete streets
the intermodal hub
services network
An accessible home is one that is easy to get to, no
matter your age, handicap or even what language you
speak. Positioning the elderly at the center of its design,
Hanok City is accessible to any one and everyone. The
transportation plan reinvents the streets, manages
congestion, expands open space, and makes more room
for pedestrians and bicycles. The design encourages
public transit use by incorporating bus rapid transit (BRT),
light rail, and local buses frequently on local streets.
These transit modes are affordable and easy to use with
transportation technology and wayfinding strategies.
Furthermore, the design incorporates access ramps and
stairs together, creating a cohesive sense of movement.
The Intermodal Hub is the heart of Hanok City’s
transportation network. It is a place where people are
moving through all day, but it is also a reference point,
where people can stay for awhile and shop, grab a bite to
eat, sit and people-watch, and wait for a friend. The Hub
brings together commuter, metropolitan, regional, and
local lines into an integrated, transit-oriented development
at the center of the an international business district.
A1 0 A 11

7. h a n o k c it y a c c e s s ib le
goa l : c e nt r a l a nd c on n ected n etw o rk
m u l t i mo d a l t ran s p o rta tio n s y s te m and major t ransit orient ed developm en t
pr o v i d e s a c c e s s to a ll c ity a me nit ies and services.
k e y c h a r a c t e r i s ti cs
• Streets have large right of ways, with over 80% Mobility for all! Residents and visitors, including the elderly, young, active, and handicapped, can easily go anywhere
of space given to pedestrian, bike, and/or public on the site and beyond.
transportation. large sidewalks to provide ample room walkers,
active storefronts and temporary uses like markets
• All buildings that contain residential units are within and pop-up galleries.
a 5 minute walk from both a public transportation
and an active transportation route (bike path or park pedestrian refuge areas and pedestrian bridges
to provide safe and comfortable crossings on
path). Age-friendly and inclusive features are integrated metropolitan roads.
into all public transportation stops
• All needed services are provided and dispersed over 4,000 street trees provide a natural amenity on
throughout the site, especially those serving the every street.
elderly and families.
bus rapid transportation provides efficient access to
• All site areas and services are easily accessible by and from the site and the intermodal hub.
public transportation, with good connections and
a regional highway is recessed in the ground,
well-marked routes and vehicles. has a thick natural tree buffer, and has two
major pedestrian bridges to connect users to the
• Public transportation is reliable and frequent, even at waterfront.
night, weekends, and holidays.
a connected system of bike-only paths are provided
• The intermodal hub is central to the site and easily on every street.
accessibly by all public transportation routes,
a local bus system and light rail connect users
allowing visitors and residents travel to and from touch throughout the site, to Yongsan Park, the intermodal
Youngsan easily. screen protected prominent hub, Downtown Seoul, and across the Han River.
stops covered electronic and wayfinding
• Transport stops and stations are conveniently clearly bike information accessible and map 3 main bridges for pedestrians, bikers, and lightrail
located, accessible, safe, clean, and have adequate parking booths to connect users over the train tracks and provide
marked seating display
lighting, seating and shelter. viewing platforms to watch high-speed trains.
underground tunnels provide access for service
• Parking and drop-off areas are safe and conveniently vehicle and give through traffic an efficient means
located close to other transportation options, and to move through site.
there are priority parking and drop-off areas for
people with special needs. visitor parking in key areas lets nonresidents leave
their car and access the rest of the site on foot or by
• Complete and accessible information is provided public transportation.
to users about public transportation stops and
all parking providing electric car charging
schedules.
A1 2 A13

8. h a n o k c it y a c c e s s ib le
i nt e rc o n ne c t e d t r a n si t
m u l t i mo d a l a t re g io n a l, me tro p o lit an, and local level
Hanok City transit infrastructure Hanok City public transportation network
A1 4 A15

9. h a n o k c it y a c c e s s ib le
f l exi b l e s t r e e t s
s tr ee t s c a n c ha n g e o v e r time to include more act ive and public t ranspo r t at io n
initial boulevard type less motorized boulevard
A1 6 A17

10. h a n o k c it y a c c e s s ib le
t he i n t e rm o d a l h u b
a l a rg e - s c a l e tra n s it o rie n te d d e velopment
The intermodal hub is vital to the accessibility of Hanok
City. As an augmentation of the existing Yongsan Station,
its minimalist and expansive design seeks to better
guide residents, businessmen, visiting relatives, tourists,
shoppers, night life enthusiasts, and other users of all
ages to their destinations. It offers direct connections
to the Boardwalk, the Parc, Yongsan Park, museums,
libraries, international businesses, and shopping, as
well as facilitates easy connections between modes of
transportation.
Taking advantage of its central location and access to
destination amenities in and around Hanok City, the
intermodal hub will be an economic engine that drives
development in Hanok City, in addition to being a
prominent access point to Seoul and the rest of Korea. Night view of the intermodal plaza
A1 8 A19

11. h a n o k c it y a c c e s s ib le
t he i n t e rm o d a l h u b
a m u l t i - l a y e re d s ta tio n
YON GSAN IN T ER M O D A L H U B
RIDERSHIP 2010 2050 (estimate)
Yongsan Pop 227,400 440,000 (94% increase)
National Rail 33,000 ppl/day 63,850
Honam
Jungang
Jeolla
Gyeongbu
Local Rail/ 67,000 ppl/day 129,639
Subway
Line 1
K1
sky Parc
retail mall
walkable canopy
park
direct access
to IBD
connection covered
to civic immediate
walk to
district access to Parc
station
4 high speed platforms local bus underground access to yongsan park
bus rapid transit stop
ride share pickup point 4 metro platforms transit centre parking from elevated walkway
east/west section, looking north
A2 0 A21

12. h a n o k c it y a c c e s s ib le
t he i n t e rm o d a l h u b
a m u l t i - l a y e re d s ta tio n
sky Parc
access to
canopy
park
access to
yongsan park
from elevated
walkway
walkable canopy access to
park Sky Parc pedestrian
public plaza overpass
immediate
access to Parc
underground underground underground metropolitan road
local road local road
north/south section, looking east
A2 2 A23

13. h a n o k c it y a c c e s s ib le
serv i ces ne t wo r k
pr o mo t e s i n t era c tio n
In Hanok City all the services a community needs mixed retail
are at its fingertips. Unlike more traditional forms of
development that support consolidation and segregation
daycares
of land uses, Hanok City supports multiple programs
neighborhood
simultaneously.
K - 12 schools
The result of this effort is a place of crossing paths
and shared spaces. Regardless of their social status,
residents of Hanok City are constantly exposed to a fitness centers
variety of lifestyles and perspectives. As the development
matures, this constant process of discovery and police station
interaction will provide powerful support for the evolution
of Hanok City’s unique culture of collaboration.
neighborhood clincs
The services found within Hanok City fall into three
categories:
Neighborhood services are services with a small hypermarkets
service population and small average area. Able to
district
seamlessly integrate into a neighborhood, strong libraries
neighborhood services are a cornerstone in the
development of any area’s quality of life
fire stations
Parc
District services are services whose assets attract right of way
users beyond their surrounding blocks. Capable of district hospital
Meters
creating nodes of resident activity, district services often
act as an anchor for their neighbors. 50 150 500
Urban Services Distribution Strategy
Regional services are services that are designed
to serve metropolitan Seoul. As a result of this wide big box retail
regional
reach, regional services present substantial benefits health education retail emergency civic
(i.e. real estate development) and significant challenges metropolitan hospital
(i.e. traffic modeling). Hanok City addresses these metropolitan hospital continuing education big box stores fire department stations libraries
development issues but using regional services district hospital high schools hypermarkets
as a focal point for pedestrian circulation models, continuing education
development phasing, and general urban design. neighborhood clinic primary schools police stations fitness centers
A2 4 A25

14. h a n o k c it y a c c e s s ib le
serv i ces ne t wo r k
a l l a g e s a n d a b ilitie s c a n e a s ily access needed services
facility type service population avg sqm # of facilities
libraries 25,000 2,300 9
civic
fitness centers 8,700 7,300 24
maximum walking distance to nearest service facility
fire stations 27,800 1,100 8
emergency
police stations 10,200 460 21
metropolitan hospital metro Seoul 26,125 2
health district hopsitals 29,500 3,000 7
neighborhood clinics 17,200 750 13
big box retail 44,000 9,300 5
retail hypermarkets 22,000 6,000 10
mixed retail 450 280 510
continuing education metro Seoul 180,000 2
education K - 12 schools 6,700 6,200 33
daycares 730 160 303
A2 6 A27

15. a home is
healthy
water
energy
waste management
landscape
urban ecology
A good home supports the health and wellbeing of its
residents and protects against threats to its citizens. To
support the health of its residents and combate global
climate change, Hanok City protects its natural features and
incorporates many sustainable technologies like biogas
reactors and pneumatic waste collection that minimize
the City’s impact on the environment. In its sustainability
endeavor, Hanok City also recognizes the necessity of an
informed, engaged, and impassioned public. To champion
this cause, Hanok City assures that every sustainable
development initiative includes programs that operate at
the scale of the individual. Creating a forum for residents
of social classes to interact, these programs reinforce the
mission of Hanok City to bring all age and social groups
together under one roof.
A2 8 A29

16. h a n o k c it y h e a lt h y
goa l : e n v ir o n m e n t a l su stai n ab i l i ty th at l asts
s us t a i n a b l e s ys te ms
k e y c h a r a c t e r i s ti cs action items by stakeholder group
institution
Constructed infrastructure
Fixture Flow Meters
• Retain and recycle all stormwater generated on site Household Stormwater Recycling
Water conservation is maximized by capturing Organic Waste Pre-processing
stormwater, creating flood tolerant landscapes, and Solid Waste Sorting
empowering citizens to reduce potable water use. Community Forestry
Urban Agriculture
• Reduce per capita consumption of fossil fuels within
the site by 50%
Low carbon energy is generated on site through
the anaerobic digestion of organic waste and the
installation of vertical axis wind turbines.
business
• Become Seoul’s first zero-landfill district
Waste recycling is supported through a rapid, In-building Stormwater Cisterns
pneumatic waste collection and sorting system Pervious Roofing Materials
Stormwater Irrigation Systems
In-building Waste Chutes
Landscape infrastructure Electric Vehicle Facilities
Native Species Landscaping
• Eliminate all automobile emissions Garden Roofs
Air Quality is improved through generous tree planting
and electric vehicle incentives
• Create a 100% native species landscape
Biodiversity is protected by exclusively using a native-
species planting palette and constructing remediative community Layout of Major Sustainable Systems Components throughout the Site
wetlands
Constructed Wetlands
• Provide 10 square meters of garden space per Stormwater Vaults
resident. Biogas Reactor
Food Security is strengthened by establishing a local Pneumatic Waste Pipeline Parc Corridor Solid Waste Facilities
food crisis safety net. Waste Sorting Centers Bioswales Proposed Wind Turbine Sites Meters
Native Species Landscaping Constructed Wetlands and Streams Public Right of Way
Urban Forestry Bioreactor Facility 50 150 500
Stormwater Vaults
A3 0 A31

17. h a n o k c it y h e a lt h y
wat er
r eco n n e c t i n g p e o p le , p la c e , a n d hydrology
Hanok City is a place where water ceases to be a action items by stakeholder group
commodity and evolves into an active, omnipresent
member of the community. Through a series of public institution
and private devices, residents of Hanok City are
encouraged and invited to enrich their interactions with
water, exposing opportunities for exploration, utilization,
and conservation. Overtime, the accumulation of these
opportunities will generate the intellectual and cultural Support a Culture of Water
resources needed to empower future development. Conservation and Activism
Flowing through buildings rather than over them, water
in Hanok City also serves as a critical component of
large scale urban patterns. Where water falls, the built
environment offers porosity. Where water flows, the
ground becomes green and playful. Where water pools,
Hanok City responds with generous water-tolerant
landscapes. Together these design responses forward business
a vision of urban environments serving as engines for
restoration rather than degradation.
To reflect the multifaceted nature of water use, Hanok
City examines sustainable water use through three Construct Buildings which
themes: Monitor their Potable and
Wastewater Metabolism
Drinking Water is the Han’s most precious service.
Hanok City conserves this resource by using rainwater
cisterns to supplement the regional water supply
Stormwater is one of the Han’s largest sources of
pollution. Hanok City ameliorates this threat by using
bioswales and pervious roofing to capture runoff. community
Layout of Major Water System Components
Floodwater can threaten life and property. In many
cases the waters of the Han are the primary source of Construct Infrastructure with the
this risk. To reduce this threat, Hanok City maintains Capacity to Recycle Stormwater
Parc Corridor
a flood-tolerant river side landscape. Flooding can Stormwater Vaults Meters
Develop Incentives to Motivate Bioswales
also occur as the result of poor drainage. Hanok City Major Drainage Pipes
Innovations in the Market Place Constructed Wetlands and Streams Public Right of Way 50 150 500
addresses this concern by using constructed wetlands
and underground vaults to sequester heavy precipitation
A3 2 A33

18. h a n o k c it y h e a lt h y
wat er
s pe c i a l i z e d i n te rv e n tio n s
constructed wetlands building systems
Wetlands are ecosystems specially adapted to the Water resource conservation begins in buildings. As the
physical conditions associated with regular flooding. In largest source of impervious surface, buildings represent
the hydrologic cycle, their ability to hold and filter water the largest generator of stormwater. To compensate, all
plays a key role in maintaining the quality of water bodies buildings in Hanok City contain cisterns large enough to
and recharging the local water table. The constructed store 10 cm of precipitation.
wetlands in Hanok City play a similar role.
Buildings also support the vast majority of potable water
Located along the waterfront, constructed wetland are consumption. To offset this consumption, the plumbing
used to create a landscape where flooding can occur in Hanok City buildings contain stormwater plumbing
safely. Along the rail yard, wetlands protect sensitive for non-potable water uses. To inform consumption
infrastructure and convert wasted space into valuable flow meters are installed on every household fixture.
habitat. Within the Parc, wetlands similarly provide an Connected to both a household log and the utility
environment where stormwater can gather, be processed metering system, these fixture meters allow greater
by natural systems, and help re-establish the area’s understanding of how and when potable water use can
native hydrology. be reduced.
stormwater vaults surface flows
In high density sites, even moderate amounts of runoff One of the keys to any successful conservation program
can overwhelm surface storage systems. In areas where is public awareness. With regard to surface water quality,
seasonal monsoons often generate large volumes this program component is satisfied by showcasing the
of stormwater, like Seoul, it is therefore necessary to movement of water through the site.
develop redundant storage systems. In Hanok City,
underground vaults provide this overflow protection. The movement of water across the surface of Hanok
City occurs as three different scales. Within the block,
Linked to block drainage systems, Hanok City’s a planted bioswale between the sidewalk and the curb
stormwater vaults provide enough storage capacity to brings water management into the neighborhood. In
hold 10 cm of precipitation (220 cu m). The distribution the district, the construction of channel along the bed
of the vault system mirrors the wetland system, and of historic stream makes water a central focus for the Restored in 2005, the Cheongyecheon is a historic stream channel that cuts through the heart of downtown Seoul. As a visitor
therefore allows renovation without disturbing roadways. entire site. At the scale of metro Seoul, restoration of the moves from the stream’s headwater plaza down to its terminus at the banks of the Han, they encounter a series of landscapes
which celebrate different aspects of the city’s relationship with water. This gradient serves as a primary inspiration for Hanok City’s
Through site-level utilities, the vault systems’s reserves waterfront facilitates the reintroduction of the public with
interpretation of infrastructure development. Photo credit: Jean Chung for The New York Times
can be used for irrigation purposes their city’s greatest natural asset.
A3 4 A35

19. h a n o k c it y h e a lt h y
ene rg y
r ei n v e n t i n g t he g rid
action items by stakeholder group
institution
Hanok City challenges the traditional logic of the Help Build Hanok City’s
electrical grid. Rather than conceptualizing districts Electric Vehicle Fleet
as simply consumers, Hanok City situates the urban
environment as a tool to generate, store, and recycle Incorporate Organic Waste
energy. The heart of this initiative is a biogas production processing into Household Chores
system that is capable of not only increasing gross
energy supply, but also reduce the total amount of Provide Vocal Support for
energy consumed for the transport and processing of Structural Wind Turbines
organic waste and municipal sewage.
Biogas is the market term given to methane gas that
has been produced from the decomposition of organic business
materials in environments devoid of oxygen (anaerobic).
In the past biogas technology focused on industries Provide Electric Vehicle Charging
such as agriculture, food processing, and other sectors Facilities in all Parking Garages
where large amounts of organic waste was produced
and energy demand was high. More recently, however, Include Organic Waste Processing
waste management utilities have begun adapting biogas Facilities in all Buildings
facilities to convert sewage and municipal solid waste
into methane. Inspired by this advance, Hanok City takes Provide Loans for Wind Turbine
biogas out of the remote sewage treatment plant into Construction
the city. The key to this transition is unifying the organic
waste stream.
Waste disposals elements are a common feature in community
Layout of Major Energy Facilities Throughout Hanok City
many homes. Most commonly they are used to grind
food waste so as to prevent. Hanok City, however, asks
them to do more. Mimicking a project run Siemens Construct and Manage Biogas Parc Corridor
in the City of Milwaukee, WI, USA, Hanok City uses Reactors and Facilities Bioreactor Facility
high strength garbage disposals to turn virtually any Proposed Wind Turbine Sites Meters
household organic wastes, including cardboard, into a Create Incentives to Install Wind Sewage Mains
Turbines 50 150 500
homogeneous product ideal for anaerobic digestion. Public Right of Way
A3 6 A37

20. h a n o k c it y h e a lt h y
ene rg y
cl o s i n g t h e l oo p
Supporting innovation in energy management requires
the utilization of multiple complimentary programs and
an integrated network of tools. Hanok City embraces
this call for diversity by using wind energy and fuel cell
technology to supplement its premier biomass program.
Sanitary sewers are the next key piece of the biogas
system. Hanok City’s sanitary sewers transport the
organic waste slurry to an array of biogas digesters
located beneath the IBD. Within this series of tanks,
the waste slurry is inoculated with a culture of methane popular consumption
producing bacteria that expedite decomposition. Capable
of being completed in 24 hours, effective digestion will energy recapture
convert a substantial amount of the slurry into gas, thus
reducing the overall volume of waste that must be treated
and transported. The methane itself can be burned
on site to generate heat, be used to power a steam
turbine, or pumped through a fuel cell to directly produce
electricity. organizing the waste stream
Vertical axis wind turbines are known for their compact
size, low vibrations, and ability to generate electricity
even at low wind velocities. For all of these reasons,
vertical axis wind turbines are being targeted as a
attractive design for highrise wind power generation.
Hanok City embraces the opportunity to further wind
energy design and provides a builder incentive structure
for installing rooftop turbines on high rise structures.
Electric Vehicles are most often conceptualized
as private assets and not pieces of regional energy biogas production
infrastructure. Hanok City challenges this conception
by arguing that electric vehicle fleets stored within the Creating innovative energy systems cannot be accomplished alone. Their success requires investments on the parts of multiple
district can, during low consumption periods, act as stakeholders. With the regard to the development of biogas facilities, perhaps the most central of these investments is made by
reservoirs for excess energy. Electric vehicles attached to the public. As the generators of waste, the public is uniquely situated to deconstruct the waste stream into separate, more uniform
the grid during periods of excess energy production can components. Just like a refined ore, the inventiveness of the private sector can then begin to experiment with ways to create value
store unused electricity in their batteries. During periods from these components. Rather than priming the market, institutions can then work to make the infrastructural polices and invest-
of high energy demand, the grid can then draw energy ments needed to formalize emerging technologies. In the case of biogas production, investments of this kind might include estab-
back out of the electric vehicles, and thereby reduce the lishing pricing schemes for biogas-sourced energy or loan programs for emerging utility providers.
A3 8 A39

21. h a n o k c it y h e a lt h y
wast e ma n a g e m e n t
m akin g a mo u n ta in in to a mo le hill
action items by stakeholder group
Seoul and South Korea as a nation already maintains
a highly advanced solid waste management program.
Unlike the United States, where household garbage is institution
generally unsorted, all solid waste from households and Sort the Waste Stream into its
small businesses must be disposed in content specific Individual Components
bags. The bags can be purchased from a variety of
vendors, and their price reflects the cost of managing Generate a Demand for Products Disposal Hatches
that particular part of the waste stream. In most places with Minimal Packaging and Non-
this program has lead to a segregation of recyclable from Recyclable Components
non-recyclable items. In some, more progressive areas,
however, the South Korean bag system has lead to the
consolidation of household kitchen scraps into a distinct,
composting waste stream. Based on this success, the
challenge of Hanok City is not to organize a muddled
waste stream, but instead to facilitate its collection and
reprocessing
business
The basis of the Hanok City solid waste collection Pneumatic Pipeline
system is pressured pipeline that quite literally sucks
sorted garbage out of structures and into two centralized Integrate Disposal Conduits into
sorting facilities. The are three major components of this Building Design and Construction
pneumatic system
Test the Feasibility of On-site
Disposal hatches are the first major component. They Recycling Facilities
can be inside units or along sidewalks. They can be
locked private facilities or they can operate much like
trash cans in a public park.
The pipeline network is the second major system Processing Facility
component. Consisting of pressured pipes both within
structures and within the public right of way, this network community Layout of Major Energy Facilities Throughout the Site
requires strong public-private cooperation to construct Construct and Manage
Pneumatic System
Centralized sorting facilities are the final system Infrastructure
Parc Corridor
element. Located beneath the IBD and at the southeast
corner of the site, the structures sort, store, and prepare Continue Developing Pricing Solid Waste Processing Facilities
household for being shipped to processing centers Signals to Incentivise Reduced Pneumatic Pipeline Meters
Public Right of Way
Waste Production 50 150 500
A4 0 A41

22. h a n o k c it y h e a lt h y
l an d scap e
c ul ti v a t i n g e co s y s te m s e rv ic e s
Parc serves as Hanok City’s premier piece of landscape action items by stakeholder group
infrastructure. At its northeastern tip, it functions as a
transitional buffer between the more forested condition institution bioswales throughout the parc
proposed for Yongsan Park and the heavy residential
areas to the south. Along its western edge, a historic Create community forestry pro-
stream channel is uncovered and a series of constructed grams to care for neighborhood creek/storm water basin
wetlands and channels reintroduce native floodplain tree canopy
species into the site. Along the site’s riverfront, the Parc
reach its full potential, providing abundant tree cover and Develop gardening programs step pool and fountain
extensive wetlands amidst a premier social space and clubs to expose the youth
to traditional Korean gardening
In Hanok City, the natural world is a key partner in the techniques
collaborative development process. As contributor
to the management of physical infrastructure, native
landscapes freshen the air, reduce the urban heat island
effect, and guard against flooding. As a component of Yongsan buffer
Hanok City’s cultural systems, elements of the region’s
natural history create a shared identity through which business
greenways
young and old can build rapport. The three main
Develop nurseries to provide na-
components of this system are:
tive species planting stock
Rooftop gardens, although domesticated, provide a wetland buffer
Integrate landscape systems into
very tactile way for youth to reconnect with the rural
building design and real estate
traditions of earlier generations. As a component of
development projects
district wide food security plan, they can also help a
community relieve periods of food scarcity.
Tree Canopy help reduce the severity of urban heat
islands, freshen the air, and absorb significant amounts
of stormwater. In Hanok City tree canopy are present
along every right of way, and in concentrated stands community
along the waterfront, the Parc, and the rail corridor.
Regulate landscaping to ensure
Constructed wetlands are a central part of Hanok the use of native species
City’s water management system. By providing a place
for water to accumulate and be metabolized, they Train parks personnel to care stormwater flow
substantially reduce the district’s ecological footprint. As for naturalized park
Meters
a collection of native species, however, these pocket- environments
habitats also act as reservoirs of native biodiversity. Stormwater Flow Accumulation and Supporting Landscape Infrastructure 50 150 500
A4 2 A43

23. h a n o k c it y h e a lt h y
urb a n e c o log y
a n e n v i ro n me n t th a t s u p p o rts itself t hrough biodiversit y
bioswales throughout
the parc
492 species of birds
greenways
creek/storm water basin
step pool and fountain
216 species of freshwater fish found in Korea’s
rivers and lakes (carp are the most common) earth ramp
shade intolerant plants flood tolerant plants shade tolerant plants
earth ramp
earth ramp
quercus aliena lindera erythrocarpa (tree) acer pseudosieboldianum
(a.k.a. the oriental white oak) (a.k.a. the Korean maple tree)
zoysia japonica (grass) miscanthus spp. (shrub) euonymus japonica (shrub)
Landscape Various landscape interventions throughout the site,
The Parc promotes the site’s natural green and water including greenways and local art, help guide people to Meters
features. It provides fresh air, sunlight, and water amidst the Parc. The Parc’s pathway connects Yongsan Park all
a highly dense and built urban fabric. the way to the riverfront. Layout of Major Landscape Infrastructure 50 150 500
A4 4 A45

24. a home is
social
network of spaces
the parc
the boardwalk
the street marketplace
the village square
the parc promenade
Hanok City connects people by creating the physical
space for interaction to occur. These spaces are found in
traditional places like the street and parks, but also in the
vertical realm as well.
Public transit in Hanok City is a great option, but in
designing social spaces, pedestrians must come first.
Earth ramps, non-motorized pathways, and sky parks
preserve safety for pedestrians and bicycles and create
stimulating environments throughout Hanok City that
everyone can access and enjoy.
As soon as people arrive at the intermodal hub, they are
greeted with colorful signage and breathable spaces
along the canopied platform, which directs people to the
Parc, the Boardwalk, and Parc Promenade, where they
will pass many more vibrant social spaces along the way.
A4 6 A47

25. h a n o k c it y s o c ia l
goa l : f l ex ible a n d v ib ran t so ci al sp aces
opti o n s f o r e ve ry o n e
k e y c h a r a c t e r i s ti cs ting with ng
ac
pi
• Entry points to open spaces are plentiful in
somethin
th
r
sho p
inte
e
number, conveniently located, and accessible for g
water
people with special needs.
g
in
ne
learn
w
• Affordable public options and transit stops located street ve
strategically near public open spaces ensure that
nd
every person has access regardless of age, ability,
ors
and social class.
plazas
• A pathway along the Parc minimizes traffic barriers
and maximizes safety by passing under streets,
providing pedestrians with a continuous, safe place nearest open spaces
to walk and enjoy fresh air.
10th floor
• Variety in types of spaces provides the elderly with 76th floor ian mall lling flow
numerous options for leisure activities where they pedestr se
er
can choose to be alone or with others. the parc, 5m
s
plaza, 10m
• Skyparks and vertical space requirements ensure
that no person is more than 5 minutes from public
space in either a building or at street level.
transit
nd stop
•
ou
Community space requirements ensure that
spaces reflect the preferences of their users.
r
playg
rooftop
e share d
• Wayfinding and signage provide users with bik
ini
information about routes, access, and a sense of
ng
whereabouts.
• Open spaces are clean, well-maintained, not
overcrowded, and have plentiful sitting areas.
A4 8 A49

26. h a n o k c it y s o c ia l
net w o rk of s o c ia l s paces
pa r k s , p l a z a s , a n d c o mmu n ity -o wned spaces
A variety of social spaces at multiple levels gives
people the option to be with other people, watch other
people, or to enjoy time alone. At ground level, the Parc
encourages all types of passive and active recreation.
The streets are a place for the community to be creative,
where pedestrians come first and sidewalks become
vibrant markets. Tree-lined sidewalks create greenways Yongsan Park
between parks, provide shelter from sun and rain, and
assist in stormwater management.
To meet demands for social space, especially for those
with more leisure time, the plan proposes untraditional
social spaces within buildings themselves. Because
Han River
being able to reach street level may actually be a five
minute trip down an elevator, vertical social spaces offer
an innovative alternative.
In community- and publicly-owned spaces, described
in detail in “building the home”, people connect above Meters
street level - on rooftops, on the skypark, and in studios 50 150 500
that they have made their own. The social initiative
introduces light, air, and spontaneous interaction to
towers.
social spaces, vertical realm public open space
parks and greenways parks and greenways
hard-scaped plazas hard-scaped plazas streets
community-owned spaces courtyards institutional courtyards
publicly-owned spaces station marketplace commercial courtyards
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27. h a n o k c it y s o c ia l
t he p arc
a r eg i o n a l a n d lo c a l n a tu ra l a s s et
Ansan Mountain
Nam Mountain
Yongsan
Park
Yeouido
Park
Nodeil Island
bioswales creek/wetland
Environmental Benefits • The creek is a year-round amenity where activities
change with the season.
• The wetland is vegetated and graded to assist Connecting Regional Parks Systems
The creek runs through a large portion of the Parc,
starting near the Station in the north and bringing people in storm water management, especially during
monsoon season and flood events. The Parc is the backbone of the social space network; the Han riverfront. The Parc is the so-called “living room”
to the river. It serves social and environmental purposes activities surround it in every direction. It gets its name of the home where there are a variety of spaces, both
by providing an attractive water amenity and a practical • Bioswales, located throughout the Parc and on
streets, are used to convey surface water in order to from its arc shape, which completes a continuous, shared and private.
storm water mitigator. regional parks system by connecting Yongsan Park to
reduce surface runoff.
A5 2 A53