Snakes on the Web

Snakes on the Web: The history and future of Python on the web Jacob Kaplan-Moss http://jacobian.org/TO http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/kejhu/3751877257

Web development sucks.

“ How can I make this suck less? ”

1. What sucks now? 2. How will we ﬁx it? 3. Can we ﬁx it with Python?

In the beginning… http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/tonythemisﬁt/2904911703

Hand-rolled HTML “The Stone Age”

The Stone Age http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/schoschie/3421072476/

“ What if we didn’t have to write HTML by hand? ”

CGI “The Bronze Age”

“ How can we make CGI better? ”

(Not really a big question.) http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/randomurl/446209957/

PHP “The Iron Age”

Same idea, (slightly) better tech. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/jerhoyet/2377140741

Page-oriented http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/just_jump/2972461681

“ “What if we thought of these as applications, not pages?” ”

Frameworks “The Industrial Revolution”

The modern web framework:

High-level http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/nikonvscanon/2128705916

Application-oriented http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/joelaz/2868356069

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/ppdigital/2329405081/ Large building blocks

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/jasephotos/2913135232/ Rapid development

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/nattu/1190083977 Fun!

What’s next?

What sucks?

Interoperability sucks.

Frameworks: good. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/amberandclint/3266859324/

Lock-in: bad! http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/striatic/2191404675/

Rule 1: Don’t piss off your users.

Software becomes domain-speciﬁc.

Cede control gracefully. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/aidan_jones/3575000735

Framework inter-op: http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/kpwerker/421386062/

Django’s not helping. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/maﬂeen/1694900141/

WSGI sucks. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/jacobian/408227408

Rack’s better. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/lependu/3563742168/

Gateway ≠ API

Inter-language inter-op:

VMs, Proxies, SOA, ROA, …

Gateway ≠ API !

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/vgm8383/2381791019/ This’ll be hard to ﬁx

Disparate, mostly volunteer communities.

Little overlap.

Rich applications suck.

HTML 5

The best thing to happen to web frameworks?

Current frameworks don’t ﬁt. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/oskay/156280584/

State of the art:

1. Parallel MVC stacks Lots of work to keep in sync.

2. Coupled frameworks (GWT, Cappuccino, SproutCore)

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280 Slides: a site so complicated it needed a new language!

Python?

Deployment sucks.

Writing the app is easy…

The rest is hard!

• API Metering • Distributed Log storage, analysis • Backups & Snapshots • Graphing • Counters • HTTP Caching • Cloud/Cluster Management Tools • Input/Output Filtering • Instrumentation/Monitoring • Memory Caching • Failover • Non-relational Key Stores • Node addition/removal and hashing • Rate Limiting • Auto-scaling for cloud resources • Relational Storage • CSRF/XSS Protection • Queues • Data Retention/Archival • Rate Limiting • Deployment Tools • Real-time messaging (XMPP) • Multiple Devs, Staging, Prod • Search • Data model upgrades • Ranging • Rolling deployments • Geo • Multiple versions (selective beta) • Sharding • Bucket Testing • Smart Caching • Rollbacks • Dirty-table management • CDN Management • Distributed File Storage http://randomfoo.net/2009/01/28/infrastructure-for-modern-web-sites

Lots of pieces http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/restlessglobetrotter/448362507/

Huge opportunity http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/nuclearsummer/2665337803/

Python’s been a very good glue language…

It could be again.

Scaling sucks.

Web audiences

Complexity

Trafﬁc

Generic doesn’t scale.

Generic Speciﬁc Simple Complex

Speciﬁc Generic My ﬁrst blog Simple Complex

Speciﬁc Generic Public launch My ﬁrst blog Simple Complex

Speciﬁc Average site Generic Public launch My ﬁrst blog Simple Complex

Speciﬁc Twitter Average site Generic Public launch My ﬁrst blog Simple Complex

Speciﬁc Twitter Frameworks Average site Generic Public launch My ﬁrst blog Simple Complex

Most sites aren’t big.

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/b-tal/163450213/ What do we do?

Concurrency sucks.

All roads lead to multi-core. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/marc_buehler/3053243413

I’m scared. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/amatuer_44060/2831112854/

Nehalem

UltraSPARC T2

128 hardware threads

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/daninrgb/3406117892 Ted thinks we’re screwed

StartServers 128

I don’t think so.

Lots of exciting work in concurrency today:

Actors STM Persistent data structures Dataﬂow Tuple spaces

Ted Leung, A survey of concurrency constructs http://tinyurl.com/mmbqe6

Scala Erlang Clojure Haskell

Python?

Unladen Swallow?

No more GIL!

No more GIL?

Better threads. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/splityarn/3469596708/

Threading sucks. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/sillydog/9844703/

I want actors! (Or STM, or whatever.)

Help! http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/zaia/3475695085

I want to be using Python!

Let’s make Python kick ass in 2020.

“ Good software takes ten years. Get used to it. — Joel Spolsky ” http://tinyurl.com/ca4pr

So we need to start now.

1. Better inter-op.

WSGI 2

Django needs to do better.

We need leaders. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/salimfadhley/26306549

http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/psd/3649586425/ A BDFL?

2. Get in front of HTML 5.

3. Rethink web development, again.

Applications

Full deployment stack, highly integrated, centered around WSGI 2?

Yes, please!

4. Scale from day 1.

Be skeptical. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/colorblindpicaso/2747637336

Plan to be replaced. http://www.ﬂickr.com/photos/taurusaﬁcionado/2099239684

Holy crap please give me better concurrency!

Thank you! Me: Jacob Kaplan-Moss This talk: http://jacobian.org/TO Email: jacob@jacobian.org Twitter: @jacobian

Snakes on the Web

by Jacob Kaplan-Moss on Sep 04, 2009

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