Making sense of open source licenses

Making Sense of Open Source Licenses J Aaron Farr Apache Asia Roadshow 2011Wednesday, October 26, 2011 1

Wednesday, October 26, 2011 2

Open Source ≠ Development MethodologyWednesday, October 26, 2011 3

Open Source = LicenseWednesday, October 26, 2011 4

Open Source ↓ License ↓ Rights and Conditions ↓ Empower ↓ CommunityWednesday, October 26, 2011 5

The license determines the rules the community lives by.Wednesday, October 26, 2011 6

Different licenses create different communities.Wednesday, October 26, 2011 7

Free Software & Open SourceWednesday, October 26, 2011 8

The license captures the community philosophy.Wednesday, October 26, 2011 9

Making Sense of OSS Licenses Goals Philosophy Example Uses Community ImplicationsWednesday, October 26, 2011 10

Why Not Public Domain?Wednesday, October 26, 2011 11

Why Not Public Domain? Warranty Attribution Requirements on distribution Requirements on derivative works To ensure code remains open sourceWednesday, October 26, 2011 12

A license is chosen to reach certain goals.Wednesday, October 26, 2011 13

What goals?Wednesday, October 26, 2011 14

License Goals Ensure certain code remains open source Reserve control Build a commercial coalition Encourage third-party marketplace Challenge competitorsWednesday, October 26, 2011 15

Free Software DeﬁnitionWednesday, October 26, 2011 16

Four Freedoms Freedom to run the program Freedom to study and adapt the program Freedom to redistribute Freedom to improveWednesday, October 26, 2011 17

CopyleftWednesday, October 26, 2011 18

Open Source DeﬁnitionWednesday, October 26, 2011 19

Open Source Software Deﬁnition Free Redistribution Distribution of the License Source Code No Speciﬁc Derived Works Technology Integrity of Author’s Cannot Restrict Code Other Software No Discrimination Technology-NeutralWednesday, October 26, 2011 20

Academic Free License 3.0 (AFL-3.0) GNU General Public License version 2.0 PHP License 3.0 (PHP-3.0) Affero GNU Public License: See "GNU (GPL-2.0) The PostgreSQL License (PostgreSQL) Affero General Public License 3.0 GNU General Public License version 3.0 Python License (Python-2.0) (overall (AGPL-3.0)" (GPL-3.0) Python license) Adaptive Public License (APL-1.0) GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public CNRI Python license (CNRI portion of Apache License 2.0 (Apache-2.0) License version 2.1 (LGPL-2.1) Python License) Apple Public Source License (APSL-2.0) GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public Q Public License (QPL-1.0) Artistic license 2.0 (Artistic-2.0) License version 3.0 (LGPL-3.0) RealNetworks Public Source License V1.0 Attribution Assurance Licenses (AAL) Historical Permission Notice and (RPSL-1.0) BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" Disclaimer (HPND) Reciprocal Public License 1.5 (RPL-1.5) License (BSD-3-Clause) IBM Public License 1.0 (IPL-1.0) Ricoh Source Code Public License BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" IPA Font License (IPA) (RSCPL) License (BSD-2-Clause) ISC License (ISC) Simple Public License 2.0 (Simple-2.0) Boost Software License (BSL-1.0) LaTeX Project Public License 1.3c Sleepycat License (Sleepycat) Computer Associates Trusted Open (LPPL-1.3c) Sun Public License (SPL) Source License 1.1 (CATOSL-1.1) Lucent Public License Version 1.02 Sybase Open Watcom Public License 1.0 Common Development and Distribution MirOS Licence (Watcom-1.0) License 1.0 (CDDL-1.0) Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL) University of Illinois/NCSA Open Common Public Attribution License 1.0 Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL) Source License (NCSA) (CPAL-1.0) MIT license (MIT) Vovida Software License v. 1.0 (VSL-1.0) CUA Office Public License Version 1.0 Motosoto License (Motosoto) W3C License (CUA-OPL-1.0) Mozilla Public License 1.1 (MPL-1.1) wxWindows Library License EU DataGrid Software License Multics License (WXwindows) (EUDatagrid) NASA Open Source Agreement 1.3 X.Net License (Xnet) Eclipse Public License 1.0 (EPL-1.0) (NASA 1.3) Zope Public License 2.0 (ZPL-2.0) Educational Community License, Version NTP License (NTP) zlib/libpng license (Zlib) 2.0 (ECL-2.0) Naumen Public License (Naumen) Eiffel Forum License V2.0 (EFL-2.0) Nethack General Public License (NGPL) Entessa Public License (Entessa) Nokia Open Source License European Union Public License, Version Non-Profit Open Software License 3.0 1.1 (EUPL-1.1) (links to every languages (Non-Profit OSL 3.0) version on their site) OCLC Research Public License 2.0 Fair License (OCLC-2.0) Frameworx License (Frameworx-1.0) Open Font License 1.1 (OFL 1.1) GNU Affero General Public License v3 Open Group Test Suite License (OGTSL) (AGPL-3.0) Open Software License 3.0 (OSL-3.0)Wednesday, October 26, 2011 21

Academic Free License 3.0 (AFL-3.0) GNU General Public License version 2.0 PHP License 3.0 (PHP-3.0) Affero GNU Public License: See "GNU (GPL-2.0) The PostgreSQL License (PostgreSQL) Affero General Public License 3.0 GNU General Public License version 3.0 Python License (Python-2.0) (overall (AGPL-3.0)" (GPL-3.0) Python license) 69 Adaptive Public License (APL-1.0) GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public CNRI Python license (CNRI portion of Apache License 2.0 (Apache-2.0) License version 2.1 (LGPL-2.1) Python License) Apple Public Source License (APSL-2.0) GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public Q Public License (QPL-1.0) Artistic license 2.0 (Artistic-2.0) License version 3.0 (LGPL-3.0) RealNetworks Public Source License V1.0 Attribution Assurance Licenses (AAL) Historical Permission Notice and (RPSL-1.0) BSD 3-Clause "New" or "Revised" Disclaimer (HPND) Reciprocal Public License 1.5 (RPL-1.5) License (BSD-3-Clause) IBM Public License 1.0 (IPL-1.0) Ricoh Source Code Public License BSD 2-Clause "Simplified" or "FreeBSD" IPA Font License (IPA) (RSCPL) License (BSD-2-Clause) ISC License (ISC) Simple Public License 2.0 (Simple-2.0) Boost Software License (BSL-1.0) LaTeX Project Public License 1.3c Sleepycat License (Sleepycat) Computer Associates Trusted Open (LPPL-1.3c) Sun Public License (SPL) Source License 1.1 (CATOSL-1.1) Lucent Public License Version 1.02 Sybase Open Watcom Public License 1.0 Common Development and Distribution MirOS Licence (Watcom-1.0) License 1.0 (CDDL-1.0) Microsoft Public License (Ms-PL) University of Illinois/NCSA Open Common Public Attribution License 1.0 Microsoft Reciprocal License (Ms-RL) Source License (NCSA) (CPAL-1.0) MIT license (MIT) Vovida Software License v. 1.0 (VSL-1.0) CUA Office Public License Version 1.0 Motosoto License (Motosoto) W3C License (CUA-OPL-1.0) Mozilla Public License 1.1 (MPL-1.1) wxWindows Library License EU DataGrid Software License Multics License (WXwindows) (EUDatagrid) NASA Open Source Agreement 1.3 X.Net License (Xnet) Eclipse Public License 1.0 (EPL-1.0) (NASA 1.3) Zope Public License 2.0 (ZPL-2.0) Educational Community License, Version NTP License (NTP) zlib/libpng license (Zlib) 2.0 (ECL-2.0) Naumen Public License (Naumen) Eiffel Forum License V2.0 (EFL-2.0) Nethack General Public License (NGPL) Entessa Public License (Entessa) Nokia Open Source License European Union Public License, Version Non-Profit Open Software License 3.0 1.1 (EUPL-1.1) (links to every languages (Non-Profit OSL 3.0) version on their site) OCLC Research Public License 2.0 Fair License (OCLC-2.0) Frameworx License (Frameworx-1.0) Open Font License 1.1 (OFL 1.1) GNU Affero General Public License v3 Open Group Test Suite License (OGTSL) (AGPL-3.0) Open Software License 3.0 (OSL-3.0)Wednesday, October 26, 2011 21

License ProliferationWednesday, October 26, 2011 22

Most Common Licenses Apache License, 2.0 BSD licenses GNU General Public License (GPL) GNU Library or "Lesser" General Public License (LGPL) MIT license Mozilla Public License 1.1 (MPL) Common Development and Distribution License Eclipse Public License Artistic LicensesWednesday, October 26, 2011 23

Open Source License Families - Dave Johnson http://rollerweblogger.org/page/roller?entry=gimme_credit_gimme_ﬁxes_gimmemWednesday, October 26, 2011 24

Open Source License Families Give Me Credit AL, BSD, MIT - Dave Johnson http://rollerweblogger.org/page/roller?entry=gimme_credit_gimme_ﬁxes_gimmemWednesday, October 26, 2011 24

Open Source License Families Give Me Credit AL, BSD, MIT Give Me Fixes MPL, EPL, LGPL - Dave Johnson http://rollerweblogger.org/page/roller?entry=gimme_credit_gimme_ﬁxes_gimmemWednesday, October 26, 2011 24

Open Source License Families Give Me Credit AL, BSD, MIT Give Me Fixes MPL, EPL, LGPL Give Me Everything GPL - Dave Johnson http://rollerweblogger.org/page/roller?entry=gimme_credit_gimme_ﬁxes_gimmemWednesday, October 26, 2011 24

Give Me Credit Software “Commons” Derivatives can sub-license May have some conditions No warranty Credit to original authors required Apache (AL), BSD, MITWednesday, October 26, 2011 25

Give Me Credit Universal donor Limited control by any one entity Little value in direct commercial licensing Allows for commercial product development Allows for competing services Commoditized and “low-level”Wednesday, October 26, 2011 26

Give Me Fixes File or derivative based conditions Original author may have special rights Differentiate between source and binary Larger works can be under a different license Mozilla (MPL), Eclipse (EPL/CPL), LGPLWednesday, October 26, 2011 27

Give Me Fixes Single entity control Still very “business friendly” Encourages incorporation of code into larger works Ensures direct development beneﬁts all Tends towards libraries or platformsWednesday, October 26, 2011 28

Give Me Everything Copyleft Derivative works remain under the license Linked works may also remain under the license Ensures all ‘down stream’ have the same rights GPLWednesday, October 26, 2011 29

Give Me Everything All direct development is contributed back Contributors assured code remains open source Encourages a full free software economy Copyright holder retains much control Limits commercial adoption Dual-license business strategyWednesday, October 26, 2011 30

License Scope “Viral Index”Wednesday, October 26, 2011 31

License Scope “Viral Index” AL MPL GPLWednesday, October 26, 2011 31

License CompatibilityWednesday, October 26, 2011 32

Can I Relicense? AL MPL / LGPL GPLWednesday, October 26, 2011 34

Apache LicenseWednesday, October 26, 2011 37

Apache License Permissive License (Gimme Credit) Requires Attribution via a NOTICE ﬁle No Trademark Grant Grant of Patent LicenseWednesday, October 26, 2011 38

Apache License Philosophy To allow the maximum use of our software for any purpose and by all people.Wednesday, October 26, 2011 39

Making Sense of OSS Licenses Goals Philosophy Example Uses Community ImplicationsWednesday, October 26, 2011 40

Open Source License Families Give Me Credit AL, BSD, MIT Give Me Fixes MPL, EPL, LGPL Give Me Everything GPL - Dave Johnson http://rollerweblogger.org/page/roller?entry=gimme_credit_gimme_ﬁxes_gimmemWednesday, October 26, 2011 41

Questions? ! farra@apache.orgWednesday, October 26, 2011 42

Making sense of open source licenses

by J Aaron Farr on Oct 26, 2011

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