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Enzymes Break Down Food and Speed Up Reactions

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Chapter 4 Enzymes
Lesson Objectives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
BBQ
[object Object],Qn : What is the purpose of adding the juices? Qn : Can any juice be used for the same function?
Marinades ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
What are enzymes? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How do enzymes alter the rate of chemical reactions? ,[object Object],[object Object]
time
Terms to know: substrate : substances on which enzymes act upon Note the surface configuration/shape of the substrate & enzymes Enzyme-substrate complex
Lock & Key Hypothesis
 
+
synthetase hydrolase
Based on lock and key hypothesis… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Roles of enzymes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
1) Digestion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Digestion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Carbohydrate Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides (simple sugars) (complex sugars) starch cellulose glycogen e.g. maltose, lactose, sucrose e.g. glucose, galactose, fructose
Disaccharides & Monosaccharides maltase lactase sucrase glucose + fructose Sucrose glucose + galactose Lactose glucose + glucose Maltose Monosaccharide Disaccharide
Hydrolysis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Enzymes Active site : the substrate binding site of an enzyme The shape of the substrate has to be complementary to the active site for the chemical reaction to take place
2) Synthesis of complex substances ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],(plants) (plants) (humans)
3) Breakdown of complex substances Chemical reactions produce H 2 O 2 H 2 O 2 is toxic to tissues Cells produce catalase Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide  water and oxygen
Potato + hydrogen peroxide ,[object Object],[object Object],source of catalase Hydrogen peroxide Bubbling in H 2 O 2
Classification of enzymes
Many classes ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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Enzymes Break Down Food and Speed Up Reactions

  • 1. Chapter 4 Enzymes
  • 2.
  • 3. BBQ
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7.
  • 9. Terms to know: substrate : substances on which enzymes act upon Note the surface configuration/shape of the substrate & enzymes Enzyme-substrate complex
  • 10. Lock & Key Hypothesis
  • 11.  
  • 12. +
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16.
  • 17.
  • 18. Carbohydrate Carbohydrates Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides (simple sugars) (complex sugars) starch cellulose glycogen e.g. maltose, lactose, sucrose e.g. glucose, galactose, fructose
  • 19. Disaccharides & Monosaccharides maltase lactase sucrase glucose + fructose Sucrose glucose + galactose Lactose glucose + glucose Maltose Monosaccharide Disaccharide
  • 20.
  • 21. Enzymes Active site : the substrate binding site of an enzyme The shape of the substrate has to be complementary to the active site for the chemical reaction to take place
  • 22.
  • 23. 3) Breakdown of complex substances Chemical reactions produce H 2 O 2 H 2 O 2 is toxic to tissues Cells produce catalase Catalase breaks down hydrogen peroxide  water and oxygen
  • 24.
  • 26.