Modern Periodic Table

What’s in the box? What does the 1 stand for? Atomic Number This tells us what about an atom of H? # of protons What does the 1.007947 stand for? Atomic Mass This tells us what about an atom of H? Mass in nucleus (# of protons and neutrons)

What does the 1 stand for?

Atomic Number

This tells us what about an atom of H?

# of protons

What does the 1.007947 stand for?

Atomic Mass

This tells us what about an atom of H?

Mass in nucleus (# of protons and neutrons)

On the modern periodic table, how are elements arranged? In order of increasing atomic number, left to right What do we call the columns (up and down) on the periodic table? GROUPS (or families) What do we call the rows (left and right) on the periodic table? PERIODS

On the modern periodic table, how are elements arranged?

In order of increasing atomic number, left to right

What do we call the columns (up and down) on the periodic table?

GROUPS (or families)

What do we call the rows (left and right) on the periodic table?

PERIODS

What does periodic mean? Having or being marked by repeated cycles What element does period 1 begin with? H How many periods are there on the table? 7 Periods

What does periodic mean?

Having or being marked by repeated cycles

What element does period 1 begin with?

H

How many periods are there on the table?

7

Groups Two different number systems for groups In the first numbering system, groups are number 1-8 and each number is followed by either an A or B The groups labeled A are the main groups (1A thru 8A) Representative elements This is because they possess a wide range of chemical and physical properties The groups designated with a B (1B thru 8B) are found in the center Transition Elements A more recent numbering system has been devised numbering 1-18

Two different number systems for groups

In the first numbering system, groups are number 1-8 and each number is followed by either an A or B

The groups labeled A are the main groups (1A thru 8A)

Representative elements

This is because they possess a wide range of chemical and physical properties

The groups designated with a B (1B thru 8B) are found in the center

Transition Elements

A more recent numbering system has been devised numbering 1-18

Classification of Elements What was another pattern of organization you noticed on the periodic table? Physical properties and states 3 main classifications of elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

What was another pattern of organization you noticed on the periodic table?

Physical properties and states

3 main classifications of elements

Metals

Nonmetals

Metalloids

1. Metals Elements that are shiny, smooth and clean Solid at room temperature Good conductors of heat and electricity Malleable Hammered flat into a sheet Ductile Drawn out into a wire

Elements that are shiny, smooth and clean

Solid at room temperature

Good conductors of heat and electricity

Malleable

Hammered flat into a sheet

Ductile

Drawn out into a wire

1. Metals All group B and most group A elements Staircase line is divider between metals and nonmetals (Boron 3A and Astatine 7A) ALMOST all elements on left side of table are metals What is the exception? Hydrogen

All group B and most group A elements

Staircase line is divider between metals and nonmetals (Boron 3A and Astatine 7A)

ALMOST all elements on left side of table are metals

What is the exception?

Hydrogen

Alkali and Alkaline Earth metals (Group A) What does alkali mean? basic Alkali metals Group 1A (except hydrogen) Alkaline earth metals Group 2A Both alkali and alkaline earth metals are chemically reactive Alkali metals more reactive…why do you think? Valence electrons…how many do group 1A elements have? Is this stable?

What does alkali mean?

basic

Alkali metals

Group 1A (except hydrogen)

Alkaline earth metals

Group 2A

Both alkali and alkaline earth metals are chemically reactive

Alkali metals more reactive…why do you think?

Valence electrons…how many do group 1A elements have?

Is this stable?

Transition Elements (Group B) 2 categories Transition metals Inner Transition Metals (2 types)

2 categories

Transition metals

Inner Transition Metals (2 types)

Inner Transition Metals Located along the bottom of the periodic table 2 sets Lanthanide series Top row of the inner transition elements These elements are used as phosphors Substances that emit light when struck by electrons Where have we seen this before? Where do we see this today? Actinide series Bottom row of the inner transition elements

Located along the bottom of the periodic table

2 sets

Lanthanide series

Top row of the inner transition elements

These elements are used as phosphors

Substances that emit light when struck by electrons

Where have we seen this before?

Where do we see this today?

Actinide series

Bottom row of the inner transition elements

Transition elements All other group B elements that are not inner transition elements Basically the Group B elements we see on the actual periodic table… Think of it as the ‘continental US’

All other group B elements that are not inner transition elements

Basically the Group B elements we see on the actual periodic table…

Think of it as the ‘continental US’

3 main classifications of elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

3 main classifications of elements

Metals

Nonmetals

Metalloids

2. Nonmetals Occupy the upper right side of the periodic table Usually gases Brittle, dull-looking solids Poor conductors of heat and electricity Bromine (Br) is the only nonmetal that is liquid at room temperature

Occupy the upper right side of the periodic table

Usually gases

Brittle, dull-looking solids

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

Bromine (Br) is the only nonmetal that is liquid at room temperature

Important nonmetals Group 7A Halogens Highly reactive elements What does this mean? Why are they highly reactive? Look at the valence electrons Group 8A Noble gases Highly unreactive Why? 8 valence electrons

Group 7A

Halogens

Highly reactive elements

What does this mean?

Why are they highly reactive?

Look at the valence electrons

Group 8A

Noble gases

Highly unreactive

Why?

8 valence electrons

3 main classifications of elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids

3 main classifications of elements

Metals

Nonmetals

Metalloids

3. Metalloids Border the stair-case line Elements with physical and chemical properties of both metals and non-metals Silicon and germanium Two of the most important metalloids Anyone know why? Used in computer chips and solar cells

Border the stair-case line

Elements with physical and chemical properties of both metals and non-metals

Silicon and germanium

Two of the most important metalloids

Anyone know why?

Used in computer chips and solar cells

Everyday Examples Metals? Jewelry Pot and pans Cars Nonmetals? Air we breath Nitrogen Neon signs diamonds Metalloids? Computer chips

Metals?

Jewelry

Pot and pans

Cars

Nonmetals?

Air we breath

Nitrogen

Neon signs

diamonds

Metalloids?

Computer chips