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John Locke 
Philosopher (1632–1704)
John Locke, born on August 29, 1632, in Wrington, 
Somerset, England, went to Westminster school 
and then Christ Church, University of Oxford. At 
Oxford he studied medicine, which would play a 
central role in his life. He became a highly 
influential philosopher, writing about such topics as 
political philosophy, epistemology, and education. 
Locke's writings helped found modern Western 
philosophy.
His theories concerning the 
separation of Church and State, 
religious freedom, and liberty, not 
only influenced European thinkers 
such as the French Enlightenment 
writer, Voltaire, but shaped the 
thinking of America's founders, from 
Alexander Hamilton to Thomas 
Jefferson.
Pedagogical theory 
EDUCATION MAKES THE MAN 
Locke posits an "empty" mind—a tabula rasa— 
that is "filled" by experience. 
THEORY OF THE SELF. 
That is, the "associations of ideas" made when 
young are more significant than those made 
when mature because they are the foundation of 
the self
Locke's emphasis on the role of experience 
in the formation of the mind and his 
concern with false associations of ideas has 
led many to characterise his theory of mind 
as passive rather than active
Body and mind 
Locke advises parents to carefully nurture their 
children's physical "habits" before pursuing their 
academic education. 
this seemingly simple generic innovation has proven to 
be one of Locke's most enduring legacies—Western 
child-rearing manuals are still dominated by the topics 
of food and sleep.
Virtue and reason 
He defines virtue as a combination of self-denial and 
rationality: "that a man is able to deny himself his own 
desires, cross his own inclinations, and purely follow 
what reason directs as best, though the appetite lean 
the other way“ 
Locke was convinced that children could reason early in 
life and that parents should address them as reasoning 
beings.
Academic curriculum 
Education is about instilling virtue and what Western 
educators would now call critical-thinking skills. 
Locke maintains that parents or teachers must first 
teach children how to learn and to enjoy learning 
Locke's curricular recommendations reflect the break 
from scholastic humanism and the emergence of a new 
kind of education—one emphasising not only science 
but also practical professional training.
Philosophy 
Locke examines the nature of the human 
mind and the process by which it knows 
the world. Repudiating the traditional 
doctrine of innate ideas, Locke believed 
that the mind is born blank, a tabula 
rasa upon which the world describes 
itself through the experience of the five 
senses.
Political Theory 
Contradicting Thomas Hobbes, Locke 
believed that the original state of nature 
was happy and characterized by reason 
and tolerance. In that state all people 
were equal and independent, and none 
had a right to harm another's "life, health, 
liberty, or possessions."
Ethical Theory 
Locke based his ethical theories upon 
belief in the natural goodness of 
humanity. The inevitable pursuit of 
happiness and pleasure, when conducted 
rationally, leads to cooperation, and in 
the long run private happiness and the 
general welfare coincide.
“Los hombres olvidan siempre 
que la felicidad humana es una 
disposición de la mente y no una 
condición de las circunstancias.” 
John Locke 1632-1704.

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John locke (2)

  • 1. John Locke Philosopher (1632–1704)
  • 2. John Locke, born on August 29, 1632, in Wrington, Somerset, England, went to Westminster school and then Christ Church, University of Oxford. At Oxford he studied medicine, which would play a central role in his life. He became a highly influential philosopher, writing about such topics as political philosophy, epistemology, and education. Locke's writings helped found modern Western philosophy.
  • 3. His theories concerning the separation of Church and State, religious freedom, and liberty, not only influenced European thinkers such as the French Enlightenment writer, Voltaire, but shaped the thinking of America's founders, from Alexander Hamilton to Thomas Jefferson.
  • 4. Pedagogical theory EDUCATION MAKES THE MAN Locke posits an "empty" mind—a tabula rasa— that is "filled" by experience. THEORY OF THE SELF. That is, the "associations of ideas" made when young are more significant than those made when mature because they are the foundation of the self
  • 5. Locke's emphasis on the role of experience in the formation of the mind and his concern with false associations of ideas has led many to characterise his theory of mind as passive rather than active
  • 6. Body and mind Locke advises parents to carefully nurture their children's physical "habits" before pursuing their academic education. this seemingly simple generic innovation has proven to be one of Locke's most enduring legacies—Western child-rearing manuals are still dominated by the topics of food and sleep.
  • 7. Virtue and reason He defines virtue as a combination of self-denial and rationality: "that a man is able to deny himself his own desires, cross his own inclinations, and purely follow what reason directs as best, though the appetite lean the other way“ Locke was convinced that children could reason early in life and that parents should address them as reasoning beings.
  • 8. Academic curriculum Education is about instilling virtue and what Western educators would now call critical-thinking skills. Locke maintains that parents or teachers must first teach children how to learn and to enjoy learning Locke's curricular recommendations reflect the break from scholastic humanism and the emergence of a new kind of education—one emphasising not only science but also practical professional training.
  • 9. Philosophy Locke examines the nature of the human mind and the process by which it knows the world. Repudiating the traditional doctrine of innate ideas, Locke believed that the mind is born blank, a tabula rasa upon which the world describes itself through the experience of the five senses.
  • 10. Political Theory Contradicting Thomas Hobbes, Locke believed that the original state of nature was happy and characterized by reason and tolerance. In that state all people were equal and independent, and none had a right to harm another's "life, health, liberty, or possessions."
  • 11. Ethical Theory Locke based his ethical theories upon belief in the natural goodness of humanity. The inevitable pursuit of happiness and pleasure, when conducted rationally, leads to cooperation, and in the long run private happiness and the general welfare coincide.
  • 12. “Los hombres olvidan siempre que la felicidad humana es una disposición de la mente y no una condición de las circunstancias.” John Locke 1632-1704.