Presentation explaining the relevance of process tailoring when implementing CMMI and how it can be done.

1. Portugal
Process tailoring
the missing evolution link
Henrique Narciso
Robert Gordon University – PHD student
Engenhus – Consultant
2013-10-18

2. What is tailoring?
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Transforming the standard to specific
From the factory:
- Sizes(S;M;L;XL)
- Colors
- Cut
To the customer:
- Adjusted to meet
his “characteristics”
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3. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Dressed for the occasion
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Dressed for the occasion
Formal
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Dressed for the occasion
When formal limits you
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Dressed for the occasion
Agile
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Dressed for the occasion
Agile with "cold" environment
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Dressed for the occasion
Exploratory
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Dressed for the occasion
Test driven development
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Dressed for the occasion
Innovation
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The Missing link
We find a new process
We try it
Doesn´t work
We find a new process
We try it
Doesn´t work
Humans adapt
Embrace change
Embrace variability
We find a new process
We try it
Doesn´t work
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12. Your Process…
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
…must be fitted for the occasion.
Tailoring is the activity of fine-tuning a standardized, wellknown, process to resolve the needs of a specific project.
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X
Y
Z
Y’
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14. Your Process…
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Kick
off
Risk
High risk
Top 10
risks
Risk
Management
Risk
Matrix
Medium Risk
Top 5
risks
Type
Medium
Low Risk
Large
…
…
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15. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Your Process…
.
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Your Process…
Project type
Duraction /
effort
Process
CMMI
compliance
Large
>6 months
X
Level 3
Medium
3 to 6 months
Y
Level 2
Small
< 3 months
Z
not
Inovation
3 to 6 months
Y’
not
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17. Tailoring and CMMI
Level
5
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
4
Optimizing
Quantitatively Management
Capability
Causal Analysis and Resolution
Continuous Process Improvement
Organizational Performance Management
Organizational Process Performance
Quantitative Management
Quantitative Project Management
Result
Productivity &
Productivity
Quality
&
Quality
Decision Analysis and Resolution
Integrated Project Management
Organizational Process Definition
Organizational Process Focus
Organizational Training
3
Defined
Process Standardization
Product Integration
Requirements Development
Risk Management
Technical Solution
Validation
2
Managed
Basic Project Management
1
Initial
Heroic Efforts
Verification
Configuration Management
Measurement and Analysis
Process and Product Quality Assurance
Project Monitoring and Control
Project Planning
Requirements Management
Supplier Agreement Management
Design
Develop
Integrate
Test
Risk &
Waste
Risk & waste
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18. Organization Set of Standard Processes
OSSP
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Business needs
Policies
Procedures
Corporate Policies
and Procedures
Work
Instructions
Enablers
CMMI Requirements
Tailoring
Project’s Defined
Process
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Software and Systems Process Engineering
Meta-model (SPEM)
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Software and Systems Process Engineering
Meta-model (SPEM)
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21. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Software and Systems Process Engineering
Meta-model (SPEM)
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22. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
How to Process tailor
Step by step
-
Define Organization Standard set of Processes;
Define tailoring decisions database;
Define project’s characteristics;
Generate Standard Project Defined Process(SPDP;
Fine-tune SPDP’s suggestions
Automate Project Defined Process
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23. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Tailoring decisions Database
What do we as an organization agree on:
- What to do or not;
- When and when not to;
- On which project types;
- And, how if applicable it can be fine tuned or not
Thus four dimensions:
What; when; project types; and tayloring
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24. Tailoring – The missing link
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Large
Medium
Small
Extra-small
Public
sector
Inovation
Internal
R&D
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25. Tailoring decisions Database
Applicable Phases in Software Development
Process
Requirements
Development
Stabilization
Acceptance
Operations and
Maitenance
Deliverable
Task
Audits
PQA engineer
x
x
x
x
x
Task
Baseline Notification
Configuration Manager
x
x
x
x
x
Artifact
Bug
Tester
x
x
x
x
x
Task
Business training
Project Manager
Artifact
Change Request
Project Team Members
x
x
x
x
x
Artifact
Change Set
Product Manager
x
x
Task
CMS setup
Configuration Manager
x
Task
Code reviews
DEV Lead
Artifact
Communication of metrics
report
Project Manager
Task
Comunication Practices
Project Manager
Artifact
Conclusions and
Improvement Actions
Project Manager
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Type
Task
Artifact
Name
Responsible
Conclusions and
Improvement Actions
Project Manager
Communication
Configuration integrity Audit
Configuration Manager
checklist
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
Artifact
Configuration Management
Configuration Manager
Plan
x
Artifact
Control of Service result
record
Director
x
Task
Customer Meetings
Project Manager
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26. Tailoring decisions Database
New Product
Innovation
Maintenance
Task
Audits
PQA engineer
1
1
1
1
Task
Baseline Notification
Configuration Manager
1
1
1
Artifact
Bug
Tester
1
1
1
1
Task
Business training
Project Manager
1
1
1
1
Artifact
Change Request
Project Team Members
1
1
1
1
Artifact
Change Set
Product Manager
1
1
1
1
Task
CMS setup
Configuration Manager
1
1
1
1
Task
Code reviews
DEV Lead
1
1
1
Artifact
Communication of metrics
report
Project Manager
1
1
1
Task
Comunication Practices
Project Manager
1
1
1
Artifact
Conclusions and
Improvement Actions
Project Manager
Type
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Project Type
Small
Deliverable
Task
Artifact
Name
Responsible
Conclusions and
Improvement Actions
Project Manager
Communication
Configuration integrity Audit
Configuration Manager
checklist
1
1
1
1
1
Artifact
Configuration Management
Configuration Manager
Plan
1
1
1
Artifact
Control of Service result
record
Director
1
1
1
Task
Customer Meetings
Project Manager
1
1
1
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27. Tailoring decisions Database
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Task
Baseline Notification
Configuration Manager
1
1
1
Artifact
Bug
Tester
1
1
1
1
Task
Business training
Project Manager
1
1
1
1
y
y
Artifact
Change Request
Project Team Members
1
1
1
1
Artifact
Change Set
Product Manager
1
1
1
1
Task
CMS setup
Configuration Manager
1
1
1
1
Task
Code reviews
DEV Lead
1
1
1
y
Artifact
Communication of metrics
report
Project Manager
1
1
1
Y
Task
Comunication Practices
Project Manager
1
1
1
y
Artifact
Conclusions and
Improvement Actions
Task
Artifact
Project Manager
Conclusions and
Improvement Actions
Project Manager
Communication
Configuration integrity Audit
Configuration Manager
checklist
1
1
Tailoring Activities
Every milestone
Every milestone
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
email notificando a
afixação of the
measurements results
and analysis results
Start, every other
milestone, end
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
email notificando a
afixação of the
measurements results
and analysis results
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
progress meeting with
the measurements
results and analysis
results
Minimal
Medium
high
Start, middle, end
as defined in the
as defined in the
process - no tailoring process - no tailoring
applied
applied
as defined in the
as defined in the
process - no tailoring process - no tailoring
applied
applied
On-job
On-job/formal training
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
as defined in the
process - no tailoring
applied
progress meeting with
the measurements May be na email with the measurements results
results and analysis
and analysis results
results
Intense
as defined in the
as defined in the
as defined in the
as defined in the
process - no tailoring process - no tailoring process - no tailoring process - no tailoring
applied
applied
applied
applied
as defined in the
as defined in the
as defined in the
as defined in the
process - no tailoring process - no tailoring process - no tailoring process - no tailoring
applied
applied
applied
applied
1
1
Critical
1
Medium
1
Low
1
Tailoring
1
High
PQA engineer
Maintenance
Audits
Responsible
Innovation
Task
Name
Tailoring
New Product
Type
Project Type
Small
Deliverable
1
Artifact
Configuration Management
Configuration Manager
Plan
1
1
1
Artifact
Control of Service result
record
Director
1
1
1
Task
Customer Meetings
Project Manager
1
1
1
Every milestone
Every milestone
Every milestone
Every milestone
as defined in the
as defined in the
as defined in the
as defined in the
process - no tailoring process - no tailoring process - no tailoring process - no tailoring
applied
applied
applied
applied
as defined in the
as defined in the
as defined in the
as defined in the
process - no tailoring process - no tailoring process - no tailoring process - no tailoring
applied
applied
applied
applied
y
Monthly
Monthly
Monthly
only if SAM applies
Fortnightly
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28. Tailoring decisions Database
Project Assessment
Manager
name
Type
Assessment result
Risk
Small Project
Low
Scope
Fixed
Schedule
No pressure
Quality Goals
Low
3
4
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
Stakeholder changes
2
1
Organizational Stakeholder consensus
6
1
Resistance to change
5
1
Personell availability
4
1
Team variance
3
1
Business Knowledge
2
1
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
1
Project Manager
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
Experienced
High
Cohesive team
Total availability
Low
High
Low
Project Sponsor Involvement
High
Leadership
High
Organizational Structure
Product Image
Morale
Fixed
Defined
High
Disturbing events
Few
User tests avaliability
High
Technology complexity
Easy
Technology knowledge
Known
Technology availability
Performance goals
-65
Uncertainty
-40
Available
Realistic
Unknown
9
10
Tight
7 8
9
10
High
7 8
9
10
Un-experienced
7 8
9
10
Low
7 8
9
10
Changing team
7 8
9
10
Partial availability
7 8
9
10
High
7 8
9
10
Low
7 8
9
10
High
7 8
9
10
Low
7 8
9
10
Low
7 8
9
10
Volatile
7 8
9
10
Undefined
7 8
9
10
Low
7 8
9
10
Many
7 8
9
10
Low
7 8
9
10
Complex
7 8
9
10
Unknown
7 8
9
10
Unavailable
7 8
9
10
Unrealistic
7 8
9
10
7
8
Value:
Action:
C/U
S/R
S/R
S/R
C/U
S/R
S/R
S/R
S/R
Medium
C/U
C/U
S/R
Critical
Low
High
Risk
Project
Project
Project
Project
S/R
C/U
S/R
C/U
Uncertainty
C/U
S/R
C/U
S/R
S/R
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29. Tailoring decisions Database
Standard Project Defined Process
Project
Project
Project
Project
Manager
name
Type
Assessment result
Risk
Small Project
Low
-65
Uncertainty
-40
Deliverable
Type
Name
Sugestion
Responsible
Task
Audits
PQA engineer
Task
Baseline Notification
Configuration Manager
Artifact
Bug
Tester
Task
Business training
Project Manager
Artifact
Change Request
Project Team Members
Task
CMS setup
Configuration Manager
Task
Code reviews
DEV Lead
Artifact
Communication of metrics report
Project Manager
Task
Comunication Practices
Project Manager
Artifact
Conclusions and Improvement Actions
Project Manager
Task
Conclusions and Improvement Actions
Communication
Project Manager
Removed
Artifact
Configuration integrity Audit checklist
Configuration Manager
Artifact
Configuration Management Plan
Configuration Manager
Artifact
Control of Service result record
Director
Task
Customer Meetings
Project Manager
Decision
Start, middle, end
as defined in the process - no tailoring applied
as defined in the process - no tailoring applied
as defined in the process - no tailoring applied
as defined in the process - no tailoring applied
as defined in the process - no tailoring applied
as defined in the process - no tailoring applied
email notificando a afixação of the measurements results and analysis results
Minimal
Removed
Every milestone
as defined in the process - no tailoring applied
as defined in the process - no tailoring applied
Monthly
Fine
tuning
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Project Assessment
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30. Tailoring decisions Database
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Generate Project’s repository
from the Project Defined Process
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31. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Automating process activities
Creating workflows of process activities, from the model into
a process automation tool.
Create templates of processes and instantiate them on
project creation.
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34. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
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35. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
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36. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Tailoring in the projects lifecycle
Idea – gather project characteristics
Go/no go – define tailoring and generate Project work
environment
During project – redefine tailoring decisions if necessary
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37. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Tailoring – the cultural aspect
Gathering tailoring decisions is:
- Clarifying the organizations different working modes;
- Rethinking cultural assumptions;
- Talking, teaching, understanding what process
implementation is;
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38. © 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Tailoring – the cultural aspect
Gathering tailoring decisions is:
- Clarifying the organizations different working modes;
- Rethinking cultural assumptions;
- Talking, teaching, understanding what process
implementation is;
38

39. Process tailoring
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Not the silver bullet
or
The Holly grail
Just a mindset switch that may help solve process
implementation and usage - the missing link (maybe)
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40. Tailor your processes
© 2013 CMMI Portugal Conference Series – All Rights reserved.
Obrigado!
Henrique Narciso
Hnarciso@gmail.com
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