1. Open access impact
Iryna Kuchma
Open Access Programme manager
Presented at “New Trends for Science Dissemination”,
ICTP – Trieste, Italy, 27 September 2011
www.eifl.net Attribution 3.0 Unported

4. Visibility
Usage
Usage impact
Impact in the form of citations

5. Research efficiency
High-Energy Physics (HEP) has explored
alternative communication strategies for
decades, initially via the mass mailing of
paper copies of preliminary manuscripts, then
via the open access repositories.
In 1991, Paul Ginsparg, then at the Los
Alamos National Laboratory, conceived arXiv,
an internet-based system to disseminate
preprints. arXiv was first based on e-mail and
then on the web.

6. Research efficiency
(2)
Nowadays the research cycle in HEP is
approaching maximum efficiency as a result
of the early and free availability of articles
that scientists in the field can use and build
upon rapidly

7. Research efficiency
(3)
“Brody has looked at the pattern of citations
to articles deposited in arXiv, specifically at
the length of the delay between when an
article is deposited and when it is cited, and
has published the aggregated data for each
year from 1991.

8. Research efficiency
(4)
As more papers are deposited and more
scientists use the repository, the time
between an article being deposited and being
cited has been shrinking dramatically, year
upon year. This is important for research
uptake and progress, because it means that
in this area of research, where articles are
made available at – or frequently before –
publication, the research cycle is
accelerating.” (From: Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie.
Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for
Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072; and
Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it?).

9. Research efficiency
(5)
Anne Gentil-Beccot, Salvatore Mele and Travis
Brooks analysed almost two decades of use of
preprints and repositories in the HEP community
in “Citing and Reading Behaviours in High-Energy
Physics. How a Community Stopped Worrying
about Journals and Learned to Love Repositories”
and provided
(http://arxiv.org/abs/0906.5418)
evidences that “submission of articles to
an open access subject repository, arXiv,
yields a citation advantage of a factor
five”.

10. Research efficiency
(6)
“the citation advantage of articles appearing
in a repository is connected to their
dissemination prior to publication, 20% of
citations of HEP articles over a two-year
period occur before publication”;
“HEP scientists are between four and eight
times more likely to download an article
in its preprint form from arXiv rather
than its final published version on a
journal web site.”

12. “When we are faced with a challenging scientific
problem we cannot solve, what do we do? Many of
us would go to see our colleagues and ask for their
advice. Our professional network is valuable. It is also
limited. Perhaps there are people who are well-placed
to help us, in another university or company, in a
different country, but we unfortunately do not know
them. Surely science would proceed faster if we could
reach those people? Or, better, if they could find us?
This Commentary describes a case study — a
chemical project where open-source methodologies
were employed to accelerate the process of
discovery. The acceleration occurred because the
project was open: relevant experts could identify
themselves.” (http://bit.ly/qxvkow)

13. “The process is transparent, meaning the public
can be assured that funding for science, arising
from their taxes, is being used responsibly and
there is no suggestion of political interference in
the scientific process.
Open science is subject to the most rigorous peer
review because the review process never ends,
essentially because there will always be a
commenting function on results, and a
mechanism for the community to police those
comments.”http://bit.ly/qxvkow)

14. “The results of open science, freely available on
the web, can still be published in pre-publication
peer-reviewed journals that accept work that has
previously been made public, because this serves
as an important mechanism to summarize the
research for future participants, and to reward
those who have contributed with authorship along
a traditional model.” (http://bit.ly/qxvkow)

15. Citation impact
A number of studies have now been carried
out on the effect of open access on citations
to articles, showing the increased citation
impact that open access can bring
Swan, A. (2010) The Open Access citation advantage:
Studies and results to date. Technical Report , School
of Electronics & Computer Science, University of
Southampton: http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/18516/

16. Swan, A. (2010)
Around 35 studies
About 30 studies demonstrated that open
access increases citations impact with an
increase of up to 600% found in some cases,
though most showed an increase of up to
200%.
Only a few do not show any increase in
citations from open access.

17. Swan, A. (2010)

18. Swan, A.

22. Journal Impact factor (JIF)
Thomson-Reuters: the JIF shouldn’t be used
for judging individual researchers.
Eugene Garfield (the man who invented the
JIF): it should never be used to judge
individual researchers.
JIF does not measure people & papers, tells
nothing whatsoever about the quality of
researchers' work.

24. “My personal belief is that we should be
focussing on developing effective and diverse
measures of the re-use of research outputs.
By measuring use rather than merely prestige we
can go much of the way of delivering on the so-
called impact agenda, optimising our use of public
funds to generate outcomes but while retaining
some say over the types of outcomes that are
important and what timeframes they are
measured over.”
Cameron Neylon: Warning: Misusing the journal
impact factor can damage your science!
http://bit.ly/cbK2DK

25. re-use in industry
re-use in public health
re-use in education
re-use in policy development &
enactment
re-use in research
Cameron Neylon: (S)low impact research and the
importance of open in maximising re-use:
http://bit.ly/ntbzQ6

26. From SPARC Europe workshop “How to make your work OA”
Adapted from: John Houghton, Colin Steele and Peter Sheehan, Report to the Department of Education,
Science and Training “Research Communication Costs in Australia: Emerging Opportunities and Benefits”
[Online] Available at: http://www. dest . gov .au/NR/ rdonlyres /0ACB271F-EA7D-4FAF-B3F7-
0381F441B175/13935/DEST_Research_Communications_Cost_Report_Sept2006. pdf
26/09/11

29. Group work
Problem solving: A positive
approach
Step 1: Identify the goal: “I wish we
could...”
Step 2: Identify the barriers: “I
wonder how to...”
Step 3: Identify the solutions:
“Perhaps we could...”

30. Thank you! Questions?