Open access for researchers, policy makers and research managers Iryna Kuchma, eIFL Open Access program manager, eIFL.net Presented at Open Access: Maximising Research Impact, April 23 2009, New Bulgarian University Library, Sofia

Why Open Access (OA)? Open access for researchers: enlarged audience citation impact tenure and promotion

Open access for researchers:

enlarged audience

citation impact

tenure

and promotion

Why OA? Open access for policy makers and research managers: new tools to manage a university’s image and impact

Open access for policy makers

and research managers:

new tools

to manage

a university’s image and impact

Story N1 : arXiv.org

Open Access Impact Open access brings more rapid and more efficient progress for scholarly research http:// arxiv .org/ “ Brody has looked at the pattern of citations to articles deposited in arXiv, specifically at the length of the delay between when an article is deposited and when it is cited, and has published the aggregated data for each year from 1991.” Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http:// eprints . ecs . soton .ac. uk /13028/

Open access brings more rapid and more efficient progress for scholarly research

http:// arxiv .org/

“ Brody has looked at the pattern of citations to articles deposited in arXiv, specifically at the length of the delay between when an article is deposited and when it is cited, and has published the aggregated data for each year from 1991.”

Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)

Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http:// eprints . ecs . soton .ac. uk /13028/

Open Access Impact “ As more papers are deposited and more scientists use the repository, the time between an article being deposited and being cited has been shrinking dramatically, year upon year. This is important for research uptake and progress, because it means that in this area of research, where articles are made available at – or frequently before – publication, the research cycle is accelerating . the research cycle in high energy physics is approaching maximum efficiency as a result of the early and free availability of articles that scientists in the field can use and build upon rapidly.” Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http:// eprints . ecs . soton .ac. uk /13028/

“ As more papers are deposited and more scientists use the repository, the time between an article being deposited and being cited has been shrinking dramatically, year upon year.

This is important for research uptake and progress, because it means that in this area of research, where articles are made available at – or frequently before – publication,

the research cycle is accelerating .

the research cycle in high energy physics is approaching maximum efficiency as a result of the early and free availability of articles that scientists in the field can use and build upon rapidly.”

Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)

Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http:// eprints . ecs . soton .ac. uk /13028/

Story N2 : Research article - Serial crises

Scientific Publication Packages - Jane Hunter - Autumn 2006 “ Enhanced publications (what are they, why are they important)” by Dr.Leo Waaijers , http://www. eifl .net/cps/sections/services/ eifl - oa /training/2008- chisinau /12

Story N3 What scientists want? Where the world/web is going anyway? (thank you Peter Murray-Rust !)

What scientists want?

Where the world/web is going anyway?

(thank you Peter Murray-Rust !)

Story N4 – Library (thank you Leo Waaijers!) Traditional library: Importer Expensive Limited Students use Google (Scholar) Library of the future: Exporter Much cheaper Unlimited Students use Google (Scholar)

Traditional library:

Importer

Expensive

Limited

Students use Google (Scholar)

Library of the future:

Exporter

Much cheaper

Unlimited

Students use Google (Scholar)

OA is the free online availability of peer reviewed literature permitting any user to read , download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles

is the free online availability

of peer reviewed literature

permitting any user to read ,

download,

copy,

distribute,

print,

search,

or link to the full texts of articles

OA “ It is important to stress here that publishing is a fundamental part of the process of doing science . Moreover, as a scientist I am not writing for money — like my wife, who was a professional writer at one time — but I am writing for fame: I want everyone to read what I write… Everybody who writes a scientific paper is writing to be read, not to make money. For that reason we volunteer our services, and we don’t get paid. That is what makes Open Access a powerful concept for scientists. It means, for instance, that anyone anywhere in the world who searches for oncogenes, mouse models, or any other search term that applies to my own work, will find it, and will be able to have immediate access to it. That is the goal we are hoping to achieve.” The Basement Interviews Freeing the scientific literature Harold Varmus, Nobel laureate, former director of the US National Institutes of Health, and co-founder of open access publisher Public Library of Science, talks to Richard Poynder. Published on June 5th 2006 http:// poynder . blogspot .com/2006/06/interview-with- harold - varmus .html

“ It is important to stress here that publishing is a fundamental part of the process of doing science . Moreover, as a scientist I am not writing for money — like my wife, who was a professional writer at one time — but I am writing for fame: I want everyone to read what I write… Everybody who writes a scientific paper is writing to be read, not to make money. For that reason we volunteer our services, and we don’t get paid. That is what makes Open Access a powerful concept for scientists. It means, for instance, that anyone anywhere in the world who searches for oncogenes, mouse models, or any other search term that applies to my own work, will find it, and will be able to have immediate access to it. That is the goal we are hoping to achieve.”

The Basement Interviews Freeing the scientific literature Harold Varmus, Nobel laureate, former director of the US National Institutes of Health, and co-founder of open access publisher Public Library of Science, talks to Richard Poynder. Published on June 5th 2006 http:// poynder . blogspot .com/2006/06/interview-with- harold - varmus .html

2 complementary strategies: Gold by Vitó http :// www . flickr . com / photos / janeladeimagens /192943825/

www. doaj .org

2 complementary strategies - Green by Jim Frazier http :// www . flickr . com / photos / jimfrazier /140042827/

Open repositories A digital repository is defined as containing research output, institutional or thematic and OAI compliant ( http://www. openarchives .org/OAI/ openarchivesprotocol .html ) (From The European Repository Landscape Inventory Study into the Present Type and Level of OAI-Compliant Digital Repository Activities in the EU by Maurits van der Graaf and Kwame van Eijndhoven

A digital repository is defined as

containing research output,

institutional or thematic

and OAI compliant ( http://www. openarchives .org/OAI/ openarchivesprotocol .html )

(From The European Repository Landscape Inventory Study into the Present Type and Level of OAI-Compliant Digital Repository Activities in the EU by Maurits van der Graaf and Kwame van Eijndhoven

Content Peer-reviewed articles Conference presentations Books Course packs Annotated images Audio and video clips Research data

Peer-reviewed articles

Conference presentations

Books

Course packs

Annotated images

Audio and video clips

Research data

Content Gray literature : Preprints / working materials / theses and dissertations / reports / conference materials / bulletins / grant applications / reports to the donors / memorandums / statistical reports / technical documentation / questionnaires…

Gray literature :

Preprints / working materials / theses and dissertations / reports / conference materials / bulletins / grant applications / reports to the donors / memorandums / statistical reports / technical documentation / questionnaires…

http :// www . opendoar . org /

http ://search3. driver .research- infrastructures . eu / webInterface / simpleSearch . do ; jsessionid =30E69E7F5FDBD7BB9CB5AC829852074B? action = load

Theses and dissertations John Hagen, West Virginia University : Moving from print to electronic – usage growth 145% The most popular theses and dissertations were downloaded 37,501 times (history ) and 33,752 times (engineering); history one was published and was a long seller 69% of students from the creative writing department had more successful careers if they went OA with their dissertations – a good marketing tool for them

John Hagen, West Virginia University :

Moving from print to electronic – usage growth 145%

The most popular theses and dissertations were downloaded 37,501 times (history ) and 33,752 times (engineering); history one was published and was a long seller

69% of students from the creative writing department had more successful careers if they went OA with their dissertations – a good marketing tool for them

Open Access Impact increased citation rates : For 72% of papers published in the Astrophysical Journal, free versions of the paper are available (mainly through ArXiv). These 72% of papers are, on average, cited more than twice as often as the remaining 28% that do not have free versions. Schwarz, G. and Kennicutt Jr., R. C. (2004): Demographic and Citation Trends in Astrophysical Journal Papers and Preprints (pdf 14pp), arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0411275, 10 November 2004, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 36, 1654-1663

increased citation rates :

For 72% of papers published in the Astrophysical Journal, free versions of the paper are available (mainly through ArXiv). These 72% of papers are, on average, cited more than twice as often as the remaining 28% that do not have free versions.

Schwarz, G. and Kennicutt Jr., R. C. (2004): Demographic and Citation Trends in Astrophysical Journal Papers and Preprints (pdf 14pp), arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0411275, 10 November 2004, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 36, 1654-1663

Open Access Impact Open access PNAS papers have 50% more full-text downloads than non-open access papers http://www.library. yale . edu /~ llicense / ListArchives /0505/msg01580.html … and are on average twice as likely to be cited http://biology. plosjournals .org/ perlserv /?request=get-document& doi =10.1371/journal. pbio .0040157

Open access PNAS papers have 50% more full-text downloads than non-open access papers

http://www.library. yale . edu /~ llicense / ListArchives /0505/msg01580.html

… and are on average twice as likely to be cited

http://biology. plosjournals .org/ perlserv /?request=get-document& doi =10.1371/journal. pbio .0040157

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint The Repository has made a splash page, with previews and usage stats ( Example from EPrints at University of Southampton)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint The repository has made a bibliography for you …( Example from DSpace at Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint …maybe personalised it with other information about you… ( Example from DSpace at University of Chicago, Illinois)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint …set up a mailing list for you… Example from Digital Commons at Cal Poly

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint Automatically updated your research group web pages (Example from IAM web site at University of Southampton, UK)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint Less Administration: Management will use the information for the admin forms you would otherwise have to complete

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint Update your Teaching Pages

Permissions

Why open repositories? Academic and research institutions – and research funders – find open repositories valuable in generating management information and reports on their research programmes, enabling better research assessment , and in raising awareness of their research profile and transparency

Academic and research institutions – and research funders –

find open repositories valuable

in generating management information

and reports on their research programmes, enabling better research assessment ,

and in raising awareness of their research profile and transparency

Why open repositories? Opening up the outputs of the institution to the world Maximizing the visibility and impact of these outputs Showcasing the quality of the research in the institution

Opening up the outputs of the institution to the world

Maximizing the visibility and impact of these outputs

Showcasing the quality of the research in the institution

Why open repositories? Collecting and curating the digital outputs of the institution Managing and measuring research and teaching activities Providing a workspace for work-in-progress and for collaborative and large-scale projects

Collecting and curating the digital outputs of the institution

Managing and measuring research and teaching activities

Providing a workspace for work-in-progress and for collaborative and large-scale projects

Why open repositories? Enabling and encouraging interdisciplinary approaches to research Facilitating the development and sharing of digital teaching materials and aids Supporting student endeavours, providing access to theses and dissertations and a location for the development of e-portfolios

Enabling and encouraging interdisciplinary approaches to research

Facilitating the development and sharing of digital teaching materials and aids

Supporting student endeavours, providing access to theses and dissertations and a location for the development of e-portfolios

Why open repositories? Institutional and national level research assessment and research management, bringing together research expertise across the institution and country Information rich collaboration, effective decision-making and successful research activity Improved governmental policy and public health care outcomes

Institutional and national level research assessment and research management, bringing together research expertise across the institution and country

Information rich collaboration, effective decision-making and successful research activity

Improved governmental policy and public health care outcomes

Institutional Advantages from Open Access: http :// www . openoasis . org / index . php ? option = com _ content & view = article & id =142& Itemid =337

Business Aspects of Institutional Repositories : http :// www . openoasis . org / index . php ? option = com _ content & view = article & id =164& Itemid =334

Institutional Repositories for Research Management and Assessment : http :// www . openoasis . org / index . php ? option = com _ content & view = article & id =165& Itemid =335

The Power of Open Access There are considerable economic, social and educational benefits to making research and other outputs available without financial, legal and technical barriers to access

There are considerable

economic,

social

and educational benefits

to making research and other outputs available without financial,

legal

and technical barriers to access

http://www. jisc .ac. uk /publications/publications/ economicpublishingmodelsfinalreport . aspx “… open access publishing for journal articles might bring system savings of around £215 million per annum nationally in the UK (at 2007 prices and levels of publishing activity), of which around £165 million would accrue in higher education. … a repositories and overlay services model may well produce greater cost savings than open access publishing – with our estimates suggesting system savings of perhaps £260 million nationally, of which around £205 might accrue in higher education.” And the increase in returns to R&D resulting from enhanced access may be substantial.”

“… open access publishing for journal articles might bring system savings of around £215 million per annum nationally in the UK (at 2007 prices and levels of publishing activity), of which around £165 million would accrue in higher education.

… a repositories and overlay services model may well

produce greater cost savings than open access publishing – with our estimates suggesting system savings of perhaps £260 million nationally, of which around £205 might accrue in higher education.”

And the increase in returns to R&D resulting from enhanced access may be substantial.”

Next steps – researchers and students Publish articles in OA journals Self-archive in open repositories Spread a word about OA

Publish articles in OA journals

Self-archive in open repositories

Spread a word about OA

Next steps – researcher managers Introduce OA polices Transform the journals into OA journals Set-up open repositories Spread a word about OA

Introduce OA polices

Transform the journals into OA journals

Set-up open repositories

Spread a word about OA

Next steps – libraries Set-up open repositories Help researchers and students to self-archive Help to publish OA journals Spread a word about OA

Set-up open repositories

Help researchers and students to self-archive

Help to publish OA journals

Spread a word about OA

Thank you ! Questions ? Iryna Kuchma iryna.kuchma[at]eifl.net; www. eifl .net The presentation is licensed with Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License