Open access for researchers and research managers Iryna Kuchma, eIFL Open Access program manager, eIFL.net Presented at “Gaining the momentum: Open Access and advancement of science and research” wor kshop, African Digital Scholarship & Curation 2009, Thursday 14 May 2009, CSIR Conference Centre, Pretoria, South Africa

Why Open Access (OA)? Open access for researchers: enlarged audience citation impact tenure and promotion

Open access for researchers:

enlarged audience

citation impact

tenure

and promotion

Why OA? Open access for policy makers and research managers: new tools to manage a university’s image and impact

Open access for policy makers

and research managers:

new tools

to manage

a university’s image and impact

eIFL.net – 4 0 00 libraries in 46 countries

eIFL.net programs Open access Advocacy for access to knowledge: copyright and libraries Promoting free and open source software for libraries 1+1=More and better. The benefits of library consortia Promoting a culture of cooperation: knowledge and information sharing Advocating for affordable and fair access to commercially produced scholarly resources

Open access

Advocacy for access to knowledge: copyright and libraries

Promoting free and open source software for libraries

1+1=More and better. The benefits of library consortia

Promoting a culture of cooperation: knowledge and information sharing

Advocating for affordable and fair access to commercially produced scholarly resources

CC BY-NC by mollyali : http :// www . flickr . com / photos / mollyali /2924209043/

eIFL Open Access Open Access open repositories open access journals open educational sources open data open access policies trainings and consultations

Open Access

open repositories

open access journals

open educational sources

open data

open access policies

trainings and consultations

eIFL Open Access Open Access Advocacy Capacity building

Open Access

Advocacy

Capacity building

eIFL Open Access seeks to enhance access to research thereby accelerating innovation and economic development in the countries

seeks to enhance access to research

thereby accelerating innovation

and economic development in the countries

What do scientists want?

What do scientists want? http ://wwmm.ch.cam.ac.uk/blogs/murrayrust/?p=1502

Story N1 : Threadless ( thank you John Wilbanks!)

Story N1 : Threadless ( thank you John Wilbanks!) Threadless – Collaborative T-shirts On-line store skinnyCorp from Chicago in 2000 Co-founders Nickell та Jacob DeHart started with $1,000 ( won in the design competition) Threadless community: design samples on-line, votes, producing and buying the best

Threadless – Collaborative T-shirts

On-line store skinnyCorp from Chicago in 2000

Co-founders Nickell та Jacob DeHart started with $1,000 ( won in the design competition)

Threadless community: design samples on-line, votes, producing and buying the best

Story N1 : Threadless ( thank you John Wilbanks!) Threadless : Client is the company Sales – $ 5 mln a year Profits – 500% annual growth New approach to innovations

Threadless :

Client is the company

Sales – $ 5 mln a year

Profits – 500% annual growth

New approach to innovations

Story N2 : arXiv.org

Open Access Impact Open access brings more rapid and more efficient progress for scholarly research http:// arxiv .org/ “ Brody has looked at the pattern of citations to articles deposited in arXiv, specifically at the length of the delay between when an article is deposited and when it is cited, and has published the aggregated data for each year from 1991.” Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http:// eprints . ecs . soton .ac. uk /13028/

Open access brings more rapid and more efficient progress for scholarly research

http:// arxiv .org/

“ Brody has looked at the pattern of citations to articles deposited in arXiv, specifically at the length of the delay between when an article is deposited and when it is cited, and has published the aggregated data for each year from 1991.”

Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)

Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http:// eprints . ecs . soton .ac. uk /13028/

Open Access Impact “ As more papers are deposited and more scientists use the repository, the time between an article being deposited and being cited has been shrinking dramatically, year upon year. This is important for research uptake and progress, because it means that in this area of research, where articles are made available at – or frequently before – publication, the research cycle is accelerating . the research cycle in high energy physics is approaching maximum efficiency as a result of the early and free availability of articles that scientists in the field can use and build upon rapidly.” Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http:// eprints . ecs . soton .ac. uk /13028/

“ As more papers are deposited and more scientists use the repository, the time between an article being deposited and being cited has been shrinking dramatically, year upon year.

This is important for research uptake and progress, because it means that in this area of research, where articles are made available at – or frequently before – publication,

the research cycle is accelerating .

the research cycle in high energy physics is approaching maximum efficiency as a result of the early and free availability of articles that scientists in the field can use and build upon rapidly.”

Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)

Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http:// eprints . ecs . soton .ac. uk /13028/

Story N3 : research article by cogdogblog http :// www . flickr . com / photos / cogdog /1635259272/

Scientific Publication Packages - Jane Hunter - Autumn 2006 “ Enhanced publications (what are they, why are they important)” by Dr.Leo Waaijers , http://www. eifl .net/cps/sections/services/ eifl - oa /training/2008- chisinau /12

Scientific Publication Packages - Jane Hunter - Autumn 2006 “ Enhanced publications (what are they, why are they important)” by Dr.Leo Waaijers , http://www. eifl .net/cps/sections/services/ eifl - oa /training/2008- chisinau /12

OA is the free online availability of peer reviewed literature permitting any user to read , download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of articles

is the free online availability

of peer reviewed literature

permitting any user to read ,

download,

copy,

distribute,

print,

search,

or link to the full texts of articles

OA “ It is important to stress here that publishing is a fundamental part of the process of doing science . Moreover, as a scientist I am not writing for money — like my wife, who was a professional writer at one time — but I am writing for fame: I want everyone to read what I write… Everybody who writes a scientific paper is writing to be read, not to make money. For that reason we volunteer our services, and we don’t get paid. That is what makes Open Access a powerful concept for scientists. It means, for instance, that anyone anywhere in the world who searches for oncogenes, mouse models, or any other search term that applies to my own work, will find it, and will be able to have immediate access to it. That is the goal we are hoping to achieve.” The Basement Interviews Freeing the scientific literature Harold Varmus, Nobel laureate, former director of the US National Institutes of Health, and co-founder of open access publisher Public Library of Science, talks to Richard Poynder. Published on June 5th 2006 http:// poynder . blogspot .com/2006/06/interview-with- harold - varmus .html

“ It is important to stress here that publishing is a fundamental part of the process of doing science . Moreover, as a scientist I am not writing for money — like my wife, who was a professional writer at one time — but I am writing for fame: I want everyone to read what I write… Everybody who writes a scientific paper is writing to be read, not to make money. For that reason we volunteer our services, and we don’t get paid. That is what makes Open Access a powerful concept for scientists. It means, for instance, that anyone anywhere in the world who searches for oncogenes, mouse models, or any other search term that applies to my own work, will find it, and will be able to have immediate access to it. That is the goal we are hoping to achieve.”

The Basement Interviews Freeing the scientific literature Harold Varmus, Nobel laureate, former director of the US National Institutes of Health, and co-founder of open access publisher Public Library of Science, talks to Richard Poynder. Published on June 5th 2006 http:// poynder . blogspot .com/2006/06/interview-with- harold - varmus .html

2 complementary strategies: Gold by Vitó http :// www . flickr . com / photos / janeladeimagens /192943825/

www. doaj .org

First Monday (Thank you Edward J. Valauskas !) Contributions to First Monday have routinely been expanded into book form by their authors after initial publication in First Monday

Contributions to First Monday have routinely been expanded into book form

by their authors after initial publication in First Monday

Here are a few examples: "The social life of documents" by John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid First Monday, volume 1, number 1 (May 1996) was expanded into the book entitled The social life of information Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000. (reprinted by Harvard Business School Press in 2002 and 2006; Dutch translation "De waarde van informatie" published in 2000; Chinese translation "Zi xun ge ming le shen me?" in 2001; Korean translation "Bit`u eso ingan uro" in 2001; Portuguese translation "A vida social da informação" in 2001; Spanish translation "La vida social de la información" in 2001; Turkish translation "Enformasyonun sosyal yasami" in 2001; Japanese translation "Naze aiti wa shakai o kaenainoka" in 2002).

"The social life of documents"

by John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid

First Monday, volume 1, number 1 (May 1996)

was expanded into the book entitled

The social life of information

Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000.

(reprinted by Harvard Business School Press in 2002 and 2006; Dutch translation "De waarde van informatie" published in 2000; Chinese translation "Zi xun ge ming le shen me?" in 2001; Korean translation "Bit`u eso ingan uro" in 2001; Portuguese translation "A vida social da informação" in 2001; Spanish translation "La vida social de la información" in 2001; Turkish translation "Enformasyonun sosyal yasami" in 2001; Japanese translation "Naze aiti wa shakai o kaenainoka" in 2002).

Here are a few examples: "Digital diploma mills: The automation of higher education" by David F. Noble First Monday, volume 3, number 1 (January 1998) was expanded into the book entitled Digital diploma mills: The automation of higher education New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001. (reprinted 2002 with new afterward by the author)

"Digital diploma mills:

The automation of higher education"

by David F. Noble

First Monday, volume 3, number 1 (January 1998)

was expanded into the book entitled

Digital diploma mills: The automation of higher education

New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001.

(reprinted 2002 with new afterward by the author)

Here are a few examples: "The cathedral and the bazaar" by Eric S. Raymond First Monday, volume 3, number 3 (March 1998) was expanded into the book entitled The cathedral and the bazaar Cambridge, Mass.: O'Reilly, 1999. (Revised edition 2001)

"The cathedral and the bazaar"

by Eric S. Raymond

First Monday, volume 3, number 3 (March 1998)

was expanded into the book entitled

The cathedral and the bazaar

Cambridge, Mass.: O'Reilly, 1999.

(Revised edition 2001)

Here are a few examples: "Internet, innovation, and open source: Actors in the network" by Ilkka Tuomi First Monday, volume 6, number 1 (January 2001) was expanded into the book entitled Networks of innovation: Change and meaning in the age of the Internet Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

"Internet, innovation, and open source:

Actors in the network"

by Ilkka Tuomi

First Monday, volume 6, number 1 (January 2001)

was expanded into the book entitled

Networks of innovation:

Change and meaning in the age of the Internet

Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

First Monday has cooperated with MIT Press in publishing excerpts from new books in the virtual pages of the journal

has cooperated with MIT Press

in publishing excerpts

from new

books

in the virtual pages of the journal

Here are a few examples: - Information ecologies: Using technology with heart by Bonnie A Nardi and Vicki O'Day Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 1999. excerpts in First Monday, volume 4, number 5 (May 1999) - Change of state: Information, policy and power by Sandra Braman Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006. excerpts in First Monday, volume 12, number 4 (April 2007) - Acting with technology: Activity theory and interaction design by Victor Kaptelinin and Bonnie Nardi Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006. excerpts in First Monday, volume 12, number 4 (April 2007)

- Information ecologies: Using technology with heart by Bonnie A Nardi and Vicki O'Day

Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 1999.

excerpts in First Monday, volume 4, number 5 (May 1999)

- Change of state: Information, policy and power by Sandra Braman

Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.

excerpts in First Monday, volume 12, number 4 (April 2007)

- Acting with technology: Activity theory and interaction design by Victor Kaptelinin and Bonnie Nardi

Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.

excerpts in First Monday, volume 12, number 4 (April 2007)

First Monday Content from First Monday has re-appeared in a variety of newspapers, magazines, and journals around the world : Business Week, Los Angeles Times, New York Times, Scientific American, Washington Post, and Wired, among others

Content from First Monday

has re-appeared in a variety of newspapers,

magazines, and journals around the world :

Business Week,

Los Angeles Times,

New York Times,

Scientific American,

Washington Post,

and Wired, among others

2 complementary strategies - Green by Jim Frazier http :// www . flickr . com / photos / jimfrazier /140042827/

http :// www . opendoar . org /

Open Access Impact increased citation rates : For 72% of papers published in the Astrophysical Journal, free versions of the paper are available (mainly through ArXiv). These 72% of papers are, on average, cited more than twice as often as the remaining 28% that do not have free versions. Schwarz, G. and Kennicutt Jr., R. C. (2004): Demographic and Citation Trends in Astrophysical Journal Papers and Preprints (pdf 14pp), arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0411275, 10 November 2004, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 36, 1654-1663

increased citation rates :

For 72% of papers published in the Astrophysical Journal, free versions of the paper are available (mainly through ArXiv). These 72% of papers are, on average, cited more than twice as often as the remaining 28% that do not have free versions.

Schwarz, G. and Kennicutt Jr., R. C. (2004): Demographic and Citation Trends in Astrophysical Journal Papers and Preprints (pdf 14pp), arxiv.org/pdf/astro-ph/0411275, 10 November 2004, Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society, Vol. 36, 1654-1663

Open Access Impact Open access PNAS papers have 50% more full-text downloads than non-open access papers http://www.library. yale . edu /~ llicense / ListArchives /0505/msg01580.html … and are on average twice as likely to be cited http://biology. plosjournals .org/ perlserv /?request=get-document& doi =10.1371/journal. pbio .0040157

Open access PNAS papers have 50% more full-text downloads than non-open access papers

http://www.library. yale . edu /~ llicense / ListArchives /0505/msg01580.html

… and are on average twice as likely to be cited

http://biology. plosjournals .org/ perlserv /?request=get-document& doi =10.1371/journal. pbio .0040157

http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html

http://repinf.pbworks.com

http://repinf.pbworks.com/Citation-services

http://repinf.pbworks.com/Usage-reporting-and-metrics

http://repinf.pbworks.com/f/Usage+statistics+and+metrics+b-w. pdf

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint The Repository has made a splash page, with previews and usage stats ( Example from EPrints at University of Southampton)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint The repository has made a bibliography for you …( Example from DSpace at Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint …maybe personalised it with other information about you… ( Example from DSpace at University of Chicago, Illinois)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint …set up a mailing list for you… Example from Digital Commons at Cal Poly

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint Automatically updated your research group web pages (Example from IAM web site at University of Southampton, UK)

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint Less Administration: Management will use the information for the admin forms you would otherwise have to complete

Leverage by L es C arr : http :// www . slideshare . net / lescarr / leverage ? type = powerpoint Update your Teaching Pages

Why open repositories? Opening up the outputs of the institution to the world Maximizing the visibility and impact of these outputs Showcasing the quality of the research in the institution

Opening up the outputs of the institution to the world

Maximizing the visibility and impact of these outputs

Showcasing the quality of the research in the institution

Why open repositories? Collecting and curating the digital outputs of the institution Managing and measuring research and teaching activities Providing a workspace for work-in-progress and for collaborative and large-scale projects

Collecting and curating the digital outputs of the institution

Managing and measuring research and teaching activities

Providing a workspace for work-in-progress and for collaborative and large-scale projects

Why open repositories? Enabling and encouraging interdisciplinary approaches to research Facilitating the development and sharing of digital teaching materials and aids Supporting student endeavours , providing access to theses and dissertations and a location for the development of e-portfolios

Enabling and encouraging interdisciplinary approaches to research

Facilitating the development and sharing of digital teaching materials and aids

Supporting student endeavours , providing access to theses and dissertations and a location for the development of e-portfolios

Why open repositories? Institutional and national level research assessment and research management , bringing together research expertise across the institution and country Information rich collaboration , effective decision-making and successful research activity Improved governmental policy and public health care outcomes

Institutional and national level research assessment and research management , bringing together research expertise across the institution and country

Information rich collaboration , effective decision-making and successful research activity

Improved governmental policy and public health care outcomes

The Power of Open Access There are considerable economic, social and educational benefits to making research and other outputs available without financial, legal and technical barriers to access

There are considerable

economic,

social

and educational benefits

to making research and other outputs available without financial,

legal

and technical barriers to access

http://www. jisc .ac. uk /publications/publications/ economicpublishingmodelsfinalreport . aspx “… open access publishing for journal articles might bring system savings of around £215 million per annum nationally in the UK (at 2007 prices and levels of publishing activity), of which around £165 million would accrue in higher education. … a repositories and overlay services model may well produce greater cost savings than open access publishing – with our estimates suggesting system savings of perhaps £260 million nationally, of which around £205 might accrue in higher education.” And the increase in returns to R&D resulting from enhanced access may be substantial.”

“… open access publishing for journal articles might bring system savings of around £215 million per annum nationally in the UK (at 2007 prices and levels of publishing activity), of which around £165 million would accrue in higher education.

… a repositories and overlay services model may well

produce greater cost savings than open access publishing – with our estimates suggesting system savings of perhaps £260 million nationally, of which around £205 might accrue in higher education.”

And the increase in returns to R&D resulting from enhanced access may be substantial.”

Next steps – researchers and students Publish articles in OA journals Self-archive in open repositories Spread a word about OA

Publish articles in OA journals

Self-archive in open repositories

Spread a word about OA

Next steps – researcher managers Introduce OA polices Transform the journals into OA journals Set-up open repositories Spread a word about OA

Introduce OA polices

Transform the journals into OA journals

Set-up open repositories

Spread a word about OA

Next steps – libraries Set-up open repositories Help researchers and students to self-archive Help to publish OA journals Spread a word about OA

Set-up open repositories

Help researchers and students to self-archive

Help to publish OA journals

Spread a word about OA

Thank you ! Questions ? Iryna Kuchma iryna.kuchma[at]eifl.net; www. eifl .net The presentation is licensed with Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License