STAR:chart – Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications

STAR:chart – Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Presenter: Irene Celino – CEFRIEL, http://swa.cefriel.it Paper Authors: Irene Celino, Dario Cerizza, Francesco Corcoglioniti, Alberto Guarino, Andrea Turati and Emanuele Della Valle STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications 12th Business Information System Conference (BIS 2009) – Poznan, April 27th 2009 - © CEFRIEL 2009

Agenda Problem statement and motivation The STAR:chart framework High level view of its conceptual foundations Framework’s primitives Technical view: components and execution flow Critical analysis of the framework Case study: STAR:chart in Service-Finder The Service-Finder project and its portal “Behind the scenes” of the SF Interface Conclusions Evaluation and open issues Future steps 2 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

Problem statement and motivation I know what my data are about I know how to design a Web designer Data manager Web application Web knowledge Data knowledge Mmmh… I think the Web design doesn’t reflect the meaning of my data. Can you make my data Sigh… I made my best to present the data, but they Web presentation more effective and meaningful? are hard to understand for me. Can you better explain to me what they mean and your expectations? I don’t want to deal with technical details… And I don’t want to learn all data details… 4 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

Cherry picking from today solutions Web 2.0 advent put a strong accent on user experience There are several attempts to categorize Interaction Patterns On this basis, we talk about “fruition modalities”, i.e. how interaction patterns are made concrete on the Web and how this impacts on the various forms that user navigation takes The long-lasting field of Web engineering studied and systematize the way to design Web applications A common way to develop Web application is to design Web Information Architecture and to realize it via “sitemaps” From this trend, we took the experience of model-driven Web engineering and we apply it with Semantic Web technologies Semantic Web technologies express their best through the capability to model knowledge via ontologies Ontologies, mapping and rules are commonly used to draw correspondences between different systems and conceptualizations We use ontologies also to model interaction patterns, fruition modalities, sitemaps and Web engineering and we use mappings and rules to relate those ideas to specific domain knowledge 5 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

STAR:chart foundations – high level STAR:chart Web knowledge Data knowledge framework STAR:chart is a framework to develop knowledge-intensive Web applications that reduces the gap between data managers’ point of view and Web designers’ one, by letting data managers express their requirements in a more straightforward way and by helping Web designers to deal only with design-related issues. issues domain STAR:ship ontology ontology Data manager Web designer STAR:dust Conceptualization of Web ontology applications structure Conceptualization of interaction patterns 7 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

STAR:chart conceptual foundations interaction patterns STAR:dust is the Web presentation and STAR:dust interaction conceptual model ontology The mapping definition is the artifact – by the data manager – that expresses the role of the mapping data in the final Web application; it puts in relation definition the data ontology with the STAR:dust ontology The widgets are the software components that widgets implement the presentation and interaction patterns defined in the STAR:dust ontology Web appl. patterns STAR:ship is the Web sitemap structure conceptual model STAR:ship ontology The sitemap specification is the artifact – semi- automatically produced by the framework itself – that specifies the actual structure of the Web sitemap application in terms of widgets; it is expressed in specification terms of the STAR:ship ontology 8 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

STAR:chart framework architecture STAR:ship widgets STAR:dust ontology ontology ** framework portal pages core generation * * mapping sitemap definition specification * config. time ** run-time domain ontology datasource 9 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

Critical analysis of STAR:chart Since 2001, several initiatives applied Semantic Web technologies to develop Web portals: what is the innovation of STAR:chart w.r.t. previous approaches? STAR:chart is a framework to develop Web applications (and not a single portal that makes use of ontologies) The presentation and navigation semantics are reused across different instantiations of the framework STAR:chart applies semantics to describe interaction and fruition as well as the architecture of Web applications It builds upon the studies and advances in the field of user experience and interaction design STAR:chart abstracts from the specific type of data source Any kind of data source can be “plugged-in” the framework, provided that it can be seen as a knowledge base described by a domain ontology 10 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

The project Service-Finder aims at developing a platform for service discovery in which Service-Finder aims at developing a platform for service discovery in which Web Services are embedded in a Web 2.0 environment Web Services are embedded in a Web 2.0 environment http://demo.service-finder.eu Automatic Semantic Search Semantic Annotation Conceptual Indexing Combining smart-machine Semantic Matching and smart-data Web 2.0 Semantics User clustering Knowledge Representation Realizing Web Service User-Resource correlation & Reasoning Discovery at Web Scale Semantic Web Services Web Services As a means to realize As a basic tool to implement Service Oriented Architecture a Service Oriented Architecture 12 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

Service-Finder case study for STAR:chart Domain ontologies we mapped to STAR:dust Where we instantiated the STAR:chart framework 13 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

“Behind the scenes” of the SF Interface Mapping between SF ontologies and STAR:dust STAR:dust Service-Finder mapping ontology ontologies definition sfo:Service C dc:title P P sfo:hasName SD:RelevantProperty P P sfo:rating SD:DetailProperty sfo:Endpoint P C P sfo:availabilityLastMonth :sampleServiceMapping a SD:PresentationMapping ; SD:onClass sfo:Service ; SD:mappingSource sfo:hasName ; SD:mappingDestination dc:title ; mappings.n3 SD:mappingDestination SD:RelevantProperty ; SD:isMultiValue quot;falsequot; ; rdfs:label quot;Namequot; ; SD:noValueText quot;-quot;. 14 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

“Behind the scenes” of the SF Interface Service-Finder portal sitemap Service details page TabWidget LoginWidget PropertyWidget RatingWidget AddTagWidget AddCategoryWidget 15 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

“Behind the scenes” of the SF Interface Widgets’ configuration STAR:dust SELECT ?r WHERE{ SD:RatingProperty P <x> a Class ; RatingWidget RatingProperty ?r. (Java class) } HTML template mapping definition :m1 a SD:PresentationMapping ; Rating: SD:onClass sfo:Service ; SD:mappingSource sfo:rating ; SD:mappingDestination SD:RatingProperty . SELECT ?r WHERE{ instance of <s> a sfo:Service ; RatingWidget sfo:rating ?r . on sfo:Service } 16 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

“Behind the scenes” of the SF Interface Widgets’ execution RatingWidget (Java class) HTML instance of template SELECT ?r RatingWidget WHERE{ on sfo:Service Rating: <s> a sfo:Service ; sfo:rating ?r . } ?r Triples in the datasource “3.5” HTTP Request :ServiceX a sfo:Service ; sfo:rating “3.5” ; ... Service details page on :ServiceX HTTP Response generated Service details page HTML Rating: on :ServiceX fragment 17 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

Evaluation of STAR:chart in Service-Finder Explicit user feedbacks We are collecting users’ feedbacks, both from the portal itself and from a selected set of users We are aware that evaluating the development of a Web application built on the framework (e.g. how much is it easier/faster developing a UI with STAR:chart?) is not as easy as evaluating the final result Implicit user feedbacks The analysis of the portal logs leads both to interesting metrics and hints on the actual usage of the portal wrt the fruition modalities The framework comprises a special kind of widgets (called “actions”) for several functions, among which logging of users’ click stream Usability questionnaires We will further evaluate the Service-Finder Interface by means of a survey about portal usability by involving the open community We’re looking for volunteers to answer the survey! Anybody available? 19 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

Conclusions Next steps: RDFa annotations in pages through annotations directly produced by widgets this enables also the linked data vision Semi-automation of sitemap specification starting from the ontologies and the mapping definition More widgets in the framework library Long term vision: It would be nice to have visual tools for mappings and other configuration-related activities Either enriching STAR:chart and releasing it open source… …or using our experience to extend popular CMS (e.g. Drupal is already embedding Semantic Web stuff): STAR:chart demonstrates that it is possible, it is feasible and it is effective 20 STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Poznan, April 27th 2009 – © CEFRIEL 2009

Thanks for your attention! Any question? STAR:chart – Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications Paper Authors: Irene Celino, Dario Cerizza, Francesco Corcoglioniti, Alberto Guarino, Andrea Turati and Emanuele Della Valle Contacts: Irene Celino – Semantic Web Practice CEFRIEL – ICT Institute, Politecnico di Milano email: irene.celino@cefriel.it – web: http://swa.cefriel.it phone: +39-02-23954266 – fax: +39-02-23954466 Slides available at: http://www.slideshare.net/iricelino STAR:chart - Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications 12th Business Information System Conference (BIS 2009) – Poznan, April 27th 2009 - © CEFRIEL 2009

STAR:chart – Preserving Data Semantics in Web-based Applications

by Irene Celino

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