Lessons from International Benchmarking for Teacher Recruitment, Training and Support Susan Sclafani Chartwell Education Group [email_address]

What has changed ?

Challenges Facing Teaching Profession New Roles for Teachers Preparation of knowledge workers, not factory workers Collaboration with teachers and students Expectation that teachers must help all students succeed Technology as new medium for communication

New Roles for Teachers

Preparation of knowledge workers, not factory workers

Collaboration with teachers and students

Expectation that teachers must help all students succeed

Technology as new medium for communication

Challenges Facing Teaching Profession Competition for Teacher Candidates More fields open to young women Teaching now requires bachelor degrees for ES teaching, just like other fields Salaries in private sector highly attractive Multinational companies and entrepreneurs creating new opportunities in developing countries/areas of countries Success and esteem more connected to material wealth

Competition for Teacher Candidates

More fields open to young women

Teaching now requires bachelor degrees for ES teaching, just like other fields

Salaries in private sector highly attractive

Multinational companies and entrepreneurs creating new opportunities in developing countries/areas of countries

Success and esteem more connected to material wealth

Challenges Facing Teaching Profession Respect for Teachers and Education System Teachers not as well respected by parents and students Factory model of education seen as obsolete in 21st Century Failures of students attributed to problems in the education system Decentralization of public sector likely

Respect for Teachers and Education System

Teachers not as well respected by parents and students

Factory model of education seen as obsolete in 21st Century

Failures of students attributed to problems in the education system

Decentralization of public sector likely

Recruitment of Teachers Option One: Selective enrollment into teacher education (Korea*, Singapore) Entry based on best exam scores and grades Small number of candidates prepared well Option Two: Selectivity in hiring teachers (Japan, Korea*, England, US) Many candidates prepared in variety of venues Best performers on employment examination and interview hired

Option One: Selective enrollment into teacher education (Korea*, Singapore)

Entry based on best exam scores and grades

Small number of candidates prepared well

Option Two: Selectivity in hiring teachers (Japan, Korea*, England, US)

Many candidates prepared in variety of venues

Best performers on employment examination and interview hired

Teacher Training: Induction Programs Transition with support into real world of teaching Mentor Teachers observing and advising Release time to observe exemplary teachers Additional coursework and seminars available

Transition with support into real world of teaching

Mentor Teachers observing and advising

Release time to observe exemplary teachers

Additional coursework and seminars available

Teacher Training: Professional Development Strategies Entitlement to specific number of hours of professional development/year Incentive-based participation in PD tied to teacher evaluation,salary increases, or new roles School-based plan linking PD to school improvement goals

Entitlement to specific number of hours of professional development/year

Incentive-based participation in PD tied to teacher evaluation,salary increases, or new roles

School-based plan linking PD to school improvement goals

Teacher Support: Targeting Increased Salary Amounts Starting salaries to attract people to profession (Australia, Denmark, England, Finland, Norway, Scotland) Mid-career increases to retain teachers in years 5-10 (Austria, Japan, Portugal) Reward highly experienced teachers (Greece, Hungary, New Zealand) Reward highly effective teachers (Australia, England)

Starting salaries to attract people to profession (Australia, Denmark, England, Finland, Norway, Scotland)

Mid-career increases to retain teachers in years 5-10 (Austria, Japan, Portugal)

Reward highly experienced teachers (Greece, Hungary, New Zealand)

Reward highly effective teachers (Australia, England)

Teacher Support: Related Factors Class Size Trade Offs Low class size/high teaching load (New Zealand 900+hours), USA (1000 hours)) High class size/lower teaching load (Korea (600 hours)) Low class size/high teaching load (866 hours)/higher salaries/higher costs per student (Switzerland) Low class size/lower teaching load (658,654 hours resp.) /lower costs per student (Austria, Denmark)

Class Size Trade Offs

Low class size/high teaching load (New Zealand 900+hours), USA (1000 hours))

High class size/lower teaching load (Korea (600 hours))

Low class size/high teaching load (866 hours)/higher salaries/higher costs per student (Switzerland)

Low class size/lower teaching load (658,654 hours resp.) /lower costs per student (Austria, Denmark)

Teacher Policy Lessons from Singapore Select teachers frm top 30%of graduates Prepare teachers at national teacher’s college to teach Singapore standards Mentor for first five years of teaching Provide 100 hours annually of professional development Provide choice of career paths: master teacher, content specialist, or principal

Select teachers frm top 30%of graduates

Prepare teachers at national teacher’s college to teach Singapore standards

Mentor for first five years of teaching

Provide 100 hours annually of professional development

Provide choice of career paths: master teacher, content specialist, or principal

Teacher Support-Adjustments to Salary Conditions and responsibilities : Management duties (22), more classes (21), special tasks (18), disadvantaged or remote location (19) , extra activities (15), special needs students (14), hard to fill subject areas (9) Teacher qualifications, training, performance : higher initial credential (14), outstanding teaching (11), professional development activities (9) Demography : family status (12), age (6) (n = number of countries)

Conditions and responsibilities : Management duties (22), more classes (21), special tasks (18), disadvantaged or remote location (19) , extra activities (15), special needs students (14), hard to fill subject areas (9)

Teacher qualifications, training, performance : higher initial credential (14), outstanding teaching (11), professional development activities (9)

Demography : family status (12), age (6)

(n = number of countries)

Lessons from England New Teacher Training Agency Removed funding from Higher Ed Funding Council Established link between funding and quality Opened market to new school-based providers Resulted in dramatic increase in candidates for teacher education Independent inspectorate reviews teacher training and quality of graduates in classrooms Continued funding depends on quality of grads

New Teacher Training Agency

Removed funding from Higher Ed Funding Council

Established link between funding and quality

Opened market to new school-based providers

Resulted in dramatic increase in candidates for teacher education

Independent inspectorate reviews teacher training and quality of graduates in classrooms

Continued funding depends on quality of grads

Lessons from England Focus on Supply New advertising campaign Financial support for teacher trainees Golden Hello from L2,500-5,000 depending on field Recruitment through Teach First-TFA model Upper Pay Scale and Advanced Skills teachers

Focus on Supply

New advertising campaign

Financial support for teacher trainees

Golden Hello from L2,500-5,000 depending on field

Recruitment through Teach First-TFA model

Upper Pay Scale and Advanced Skills teachers