How did Korea Achieve the Second Highest Education Rate in the World?

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    How did Korea Achieve the Second Highest Education Rate in the World? - Presentation Transcript

    1. Asi How Did Korea Achieve Society the Highest Secondary Education Rate in the World? Dr. Soobong Uh Professor, Economics and Management HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI Korea University of Technology and Education NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    2. Asi Contents Society Ⅰ. Facts Ⅱ. Consequences Ⅲ. Why and How? HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    3. Asi Fact 1: Trend of higher education in Korea Society % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 HONG KONG HOUSTON 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE year MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. Primary school  junior school High school  college College  graduate School Junior school High school WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    4. Asi Fact 2: PISA 2006 results Science Reading Mathematics Society Rank performance performance performance 1 Finland (563) Korea (556) Finland (548) 2 Canada (534) Finland (547) Korea (547) 3 Japan (531) Canada (527) Netherlands (531) 4 New Zealand (530) Ireland (517) Switzerland (530) 5 Korea (522) Australia (513) Canada (527) 6 Germany (516) Poland (508) Japan (523) 7 United Kingdom (515) Sweden (507) New Zealand (522) 8 Czech Republic (513) Netherlands (507) Belgium (520) HONG KONG HOUSTON 9 Switzerland (512) Belgium (501) Austria (520) LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO 10 Austria (511) Switzerland (499) Denmark (513) SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue Source: OECD PISA 2006 database. Figure 6.8b, PISA 2006: Science Competencies for Tomorrow’s World. New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 OECD PISA 2006 database. Figure 6.20b, PISA 2006: Science Competencies for Tomorrow’s World. Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org OECD PISA 2006 database. Table 2.1c and Figure 2.11c, PISA 2006: Science Competencies for Tomorrow’s World.
    5. Asi Consequence 1: Fast economic development Society 20,000 100 18,000 90 16,000 80 14,000 70 12,000 60 10,000 50 8,000 40 6,000 30 4,000 20 2,000 10 0 0 HONG KONG HOUSTON 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: Gross national income Primary school  junior school High school  college College  graduate School Junior school High school 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    6. Asi Consequence 2: Low Unemployment 42% Society 9.7% 10 7.5% 8 7.3% 7.2% 6 5.1% 3.9% 4.0% 4 3.1% 3.2% 2.5% 1.7% 2 0 a an es ia a an m a HONG KONG re na nd al si sh di s iw in na HOUSTON st ep ne ay Ko i la In de Ch LOS ANGELES pp Ta et ki ai N al do MALILA ili la Pa Vi Th MELBOURNE M In ng Ph MUMBAI NEW YORK Ba SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    7. Asi Trend of unemployment rate in Korea Society 1997 Financial Crisis 1979 Oil Shock HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    8. Asi Consequence 3: Social Equity (Gini coefficient) Society 50 40 30 20 10 0 a an es ia a an m a HONG KONG re na nd al si sh di s iw in na HOUSTON st ep ne ay Ko i la In de Ch LOS ANGELES pp Ta et ki ai N al do MALILA ili la Pa Vi Th MELBOURNE M In ng Ph MUMBAI NEW YORK Ba SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    9. Asi A report, titled, \"Inequality in Asia”, a publication of Asian Society Development Bank(ADB) on the past year, showed that, out of 22 Asian developing countries surveyed, the highest income gap between the rich and poor in Nepal and, next in order, China, the Philipines, Turkmenistan, Thailand and Malaysia. Korea ranked third in narrowing the gulf, following Kirghizstan and Pakistan. The report falls short of Gini's coefficient in each country surveyed, only showing the table. Gini's coefficient as for China is estimated at the late 40's. HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    10. Asi Consequence 4: Democratization Society △Ah, My Fatherland! -- a photo nominated as one of AP's 100 greatest in the 20th century It shows a man with his upper body naked, shouting \"No more firing!\", running toward the police blockade shrouded with teargas bombs in the street of Munhyun rotary in Pusan. The picture representing Korea's democratization in most symbolistic manner was included in 1999 one of 100 HONG KONG greatest photos in the 20th century according to AP. HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI Funeral procession of Martyr Lee, Han Yeol leaving △ WASHINGTON D.C. from the entrance of Yonsei University in July of 1987, WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue bounded for his far-remote homeland Gwangju New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    11. Asi Why higher education in Korea? Society 3. Historical Background 5. Economic Motivation 7. Social Incentives 9. Government policies HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    12. Historical Background 1 : Asi Confucianism and social hierarchism composed of scholar, farmer, industrialist and commercialist Society The ancient class society consisting of nobility, commoner and slave 士 農 工 HONG KONG the agrarian society was engraved deeply, HOUSTON LOS ANGELES it became more concrete to form a social hierarchy MALILA MELBOURNE 商 MUMBAI based on status called 'Sa-nong-kong-sang', NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO i.e. four classes of scholar, farmer, industrialist and commercialist. SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    13. Asi Society In Chosun dynasty adopting Confucianism as its philosophy for the politics and religion, Sa-nong-kong-sang was a ruling system over the society. As there was a saying, \"The farmer is the core among the Heaven and the Ground--Agriculture is the basis of national existence,\" nothing but farming could be found to the extent of little noticeablility in national income. HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    14. Historical Background 2 : Asi Kwageo system acting to open the offices to the talented Society HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    15. Asi Society The Kwageo was a meaningful state-run examination fairly putting into practice based on ability far beyond then-existent consanguinity and political ties. In addition, it served getting closer to a philosophical politics, making it possible to recruit men of ability based on academic standard, which was an exemplary case in civilized nations. HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    16. Historical Background 3 : Asi Foundation of private schools as means of independence movement Society △ Daesung School in Pyungyang founded in 1908 HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES ◁ Mundan-soorok, MALILA MELBOURNE a writing in Korean and Chinese characters by Ahn, Chang Ho(1878-1938) MUMBAI NEW YORK keeping a record of Daesung School located in Pyungyang SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    17. Asi The patriotism and enlightenment movement which was made for Society 1905-1910 laid much emphasis on economical self-alliance and national cultivation through education. Since the Eulsa Treaty concluded in 1905, there has strongly emerged a necessity of education in pursue of recovery of national rights, putting into action the establishment of approx. 3,000 private schools over the nation including Daesung School in Pyungyang and Osan School in Jungju. This national drive was suffered by the ruling Japanese oppression as it promulgated the Private School Act in 1908. HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    18. Asi Historical Background 4 : Liberation and Korean War Society △ Daejeon, South Korean Civilians murdered by retreating PLA HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK ◁ Civilians fleeing south over Daedong River SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. using destroyed bridge Pyongyang WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    19. Asi Society Liberation from colony and the Korean war had totally demolished physical capital as well as social class. 3. Land reform: No large landlord 4. 3 years war: No industrial plant -> Korean people has started equally with bare hands. HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    20. Economic Motivation 1 : Asi Higher the rate of return, higher the investment in education Society The trend of the rate of return from educational investment 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.09 0.08 HONG KONG HOUSTON 00 89 93 97 98 83 84 85 86 87 88 90 92 94 95 96 99 91 LOS ANGELES MALILA 19 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO Source : An estimation based on Statistical Survey on Wages, SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. Ministry of Labor, Korea WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    21. Asi Trend of the rate of return from educational investment: by gender and schooling Society 25.0 Male graduates College 20.0 Female graduates College 15.0 Male graduates high school 10.0 Female graduates high school 5.0 HONG KONG HOUSTON 00 89 93 97 98 83 84 85 86 87 88 90 92 94 95 96 99 91 LOS ANGELES MALILA 19 20 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO Source : An estimation based on Statistical Survey on Wage Frame, the Ministry of Labor, Korea SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    22. Asi Economic Motivation 2: Wage premium Society Mo n th ly in c o m e b y e d u c a tio n a l a tta in m e n t 3,540 college(26.4%) 3,260 3,080 3,030 2,800 2,360High school(19.9%) 2,140 2,160 2,080 1,960 1,480 1,400 Junior school(1%) 1,400 1,390 1,360 1,220 Primary school 1,180 1,090 1,160 (11.9%) 1,130 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK * Source: Office of Statistics SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. * ( ): increasing for 4 years WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue * unit: thousand USD New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    23. Asi Society Wage difference between college graduates and junior school graduates has been even greater in 2000s. 2003: 2.01 times -> 2007: 2.52 times HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    24. Asi Economic Motivation 3: segmented labor market Society Korean labor markets has been segmented along with fast industrialization mainly by sex and education. Therefore higher education becomes more essential to enter the primary labor markets. Lower education is found to be more and more disadvantaged in entering job markets as well as in attaining higher wages. HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    25. Asi Social incentive 1 : Education as social network Society Higher education is essential to enter into higher society and more power. In Korea, the educational background is often blamed to be the first and the most important factor to get the social network in which major decisions are made. Education is “myth” as well as “reality”, being considered as social capital. HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    26. Asi Education as network (continued): Only 10 major university graduates have 73.8% of positions in high-ranking government offices Society 307 24.3% 109 8.6% 97 7.7% 97 7.7% 77 6.1% 71 5.6% 70 5.5% 37 2.9% 36 2.8% 33 2.6% 32 22 18 18 17 15 15 14 HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES 14 MALILA MELBOURNE 12 MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO 11 SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    27. Asi Social Incentive 2 : lower birth rate Society 107 Countries Niger (50.16), Mali (49.61), Uganda (48.12), Afghanistan (46.21), Sierra Leone (45.41) Burkina Faso (45.28), Somalia (44.60), Angola (44.51), Liberia (43.75), Congo, Democratic (42.96), Philippines (24.48), Nauru (24.47) ………, Bangladesh (29.36), … , Paraguay (28.77), …, World Average…, Bolivia (22.82), India (22.69), Malaysia (22.65), …, Kuwait (21.95), Ecuador (21.91) et (20.09 ) The crude birth rate lower than that of Korea falls only into 25 countries among 223 nations over the world, the figure of which remains comparably short of 20.09 persons on the global average. S. Korea (9.93) San Marino (9.89), Hungary (9.66), Switzerland (9.66), Croatia (9.63), Bulgaria (9.62) Singapore (9.17) Greece (9.62), Belarus (9.50), Ukraine (9.45), Latvia (9.43), Monaco (9.12), Jersey (9.02), Slovenia (9.00), Taiwan (8.97), Czech Republic (8.96) Lithuania (8.87), Bosnia and Herzegovina (8.80), Austria (8.69), Guernsey (8.65), Macau (8.57) 25 Countries Italy (8.54), Andorra (8.45), Germany (8.20), Japan (8.10), Hong Kong (7.34) HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. Crude birth rate : This entry gives the average annual number of births during a year per 1,000 persons in the population at midyear; WORLD HEADQUARTERS: also known as crude birth rate. The birth rate is usually the dominant factor in determining the rate of population growth. 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 It depends on both the level of fertility and the age structure of the population. Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    28. Asi Society The total fertility rate, or the number of children per woman's lifetime, stands at 1.28 in Korea in 2007. -> Young Korean Parents can afford to invest in higher education for their children more than ever. HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    29. Asi Overall, in Korea, Society Higher education is believed to be the most important factor to get 4.Higher income 5.Job Security 6.Social status 7.Heritage to be given to children HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO In short, it is the engine of success to ordinary Koreans. SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    30. Asi Government policy 1 : Higher budget to Education Society (unit : million USD, %) 1970 1980 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Total Budget(A) 446 5,804 22,689 54,845 118,920 124,463 136,618 142,940 146,873 160,145 Education(B) 78 1,099 5,062 12,496 19,172 20,034 22,273 24,404 26,340 27,982 B/A(%) 17.6 18.9 22.3 22.8 16.1 16.1 16.3 17.1 18 17.5 Of GDP(%) 2.8 2.8 2.7 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.4 Schooling expenditure 144 1,971 8,524 19,215 31,507 35,321 38,830 46,035 48,258 49,525 Of GDP(%) 5.4 5.7 4.7 5.5 6 6.4 5.7 6.4 6.2 6.5 Source : Ministry of Education HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    31. Asi The budget of the Ministry of Education totals to 29 trillion Society Won(U$29 billion), 6 times larger than that of 1990, sharing 20% more or less in central government budget. Koreans spend more than 6% of GDP on formal schooling, which does not include the expenditure on informal learning, of which cost is expected to be even greater than that of formal schooling. HONG KONG HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    32. Asi Government policy 2 : higher remuneration program for teachers Teacher is a good occupation with job security and higher salaries. Society Rank of school teachers’ wages(2004) Entry Rank 15th years after last Luxembourg 1 86,712 Luxembourg Luxembourg 83,390 115,899 Switzerland 2 42,445 Switzerland Korea 55,115 78,351 Germany 3 39,132 Korea Switzerland 48,754 66,189 Spain 4 35,098 Germany Japan 48,167 58,373 : : : Korea 10 28,449 * unit: USD(PPP) HONG KONG * source: OECD HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    33. Asi Government policy 2 : High competition to be school teachers (2008) Society Seoul 19.92 13.61 Gangwon-do Incheon 26.30 Gyeonggi-do 19.36 18.41 Daegu Deajeon 16.28 Chungcheongnam-do 18.05 22.07 Gyeongsangbuk-do Chungcheongbuk-do 19.66 Jeollabuk-do 17.33 18.18 Busan Gwangju 16.30 HONG KONG 24.84 Ulsan HOUSTON Jeollanam-do 17.44 LOS ANGELES MALILA 23.75 Gyeongsangnam-do MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 13.97 Jeju-do 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    34. Asi Trend of competition to be school teachers for the recent three years Society District 2006 2007 2008 Seoul 13.73 17.65 19.92 Incheon 12.45 15.56 26.30 Gyeonggi-do 12.19 14.72 19.36 Deajeon 11.46 11.91 16.28 Chungcheongnam-do 8.44 11.24 18.05 Chungcheongbuk-do 8.64 12.38 19.66 Gwangju 9.14 11.11 16.30 Jeollanam-do 8.81 13.41 17.44 Jeollabuk-do 11.43 10.75 17.33 8.55 11.08 18.18 Busan 10.68 14.09 24.84 Ulsan 11.26 17.51 23.75 Gyeongsangnam-do 10.62 12.36 18.41 Daegu 10.24 16.56 22.07 HONG KONG Gyeongsangbuk-do HOUSTON LOS ANGELES 11.07 8.06 13.61 Gangwon-do MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK 4.60 5.18 13.97 Jeju-do SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. total 11.29 13.92 19.53 WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    35. Asi Challenges : Higher education? Society 1. Too Fast? - Skill Mismatch between demand and supply -> Higher rate of youth unemployment and Less technicians 7.Quality? HONG KONG -Increasing Complaints on quality of higher education HOUSTON LOS ANGELES MALILA MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI WASHINGTON D.C. => Reform of Higher Education is on-going. WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
    36. Asi Society Thank you. Korea University of Technology and Education Dept. of Industrial Management Professor / Director, KUT-HRD Research Center Soobong Uh, Ph. D. HONG KONG HOUSTON 307, Gajeon-ri, Byeoncheon-myeon, Cheonan City LOS ANGELES MALILA Chungnam Province 330-708, Republic of Korea MELBOURNE MUMBAI NEW YORK TEL : +82-41-560-1431 / 560-1370 SAN FRANCISCO SHANGHAI FAX : +82-41-560-1439 WASHINGTON D.C. Mobile : +82-10-9033-9137 WORLD HEADQUARTERS: 725 Park Avenue E-mail : soobong@kut.ac.kr New York, NY 10021 5088 Phone 212.288.6400 Fax 212.517.8315 www.asiasociety.org
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