SACHETANA Project Experience with recharge - BIRD-K

SACHETANA NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR ADDRESSING POVERTY SITUATION IN MUNDARAGI TALUK OF KARNATAKA PROJECT LOCATION:- MUNDARAGI TALUK 1ST PHASE : 5 VILLAGES VIRUPAPUR, KALAKERI, MUSTIKOPPA , TIPPAPUR AND BUDIHAL 2ND PHASE: 4 VILLAGES HARUGERI, BASAPUR, MAKTUMPUR AND BENNIHALLI

PROJECT PURPOSE : IMPROVE THE LIVELIHOOD OF BASE OF 1200 FAMILIES IN 9 VILLAGES OF MUNDARAGI,THROUGH IMPROVED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT. SELF HELP GROUPS FORMATION AND EMPOWERMENT OF THE TARGET GROUPS TO FUNCTION EFFECTIVELY AS A OWNER,. TARGET GROUP : SMALL AND MARGINAL FARMER LAND LESS FAMILIES FEW BIG FARMER AREA COVERAGE :- 4675 HECTARES

BACK GROUND OF THE AREA : Degraded Land Devoid Of Vegetative Cover Low Productive Land Lack Of Year Round Employment Lack Of Technical Know How For Improved Agriculture Low Rain Fall Lack Of Irrigation Facilities. Ground Water Depletion. Prevalence Of Fluorosis. Diminishing Working Capacity Of The Working Force. SOCIAL PROBLEMS :- Late Marriages Or No Marriages . Not Mingling With Others.

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES :- 1. LAND DEVELOPMENT FIELD TRENCH CUM BUND GULLY PLUGS 2. WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES : PERCOLATION TRENCHES PERCOLATION PONDS DIVERSION CHANNELS RECHARGING OF BORE WELLS RAIN WATER HARVESTING STRUCTURES. WATER ANALYSIS

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES :- 3.TREE BASED FARMING DRY LAND HORTICULTURE AGRO FORESTRY SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE 4. SUPPORT FOR LIVELIHOOD ACTIVITIES : TRADING (OIL, GRAIN, BANGLE, UTENSILS) CARPENTRY, CARPET WEAVING, VERMI-COMPOSTING, VEGETABLE VENDING, TEA SHOP, CYCLE SHOP, LAUNDRY AND LIVESTOCK. 5. ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMUNITY CENTER : FOR TRAINING AND DEMONSTRATION

NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT & WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES :- 6. TRAINING AND AWARENESS : EXPOSURE VISITS FARMING SYSTEM TRAINING TRAINING IN WATER RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT PADAYATRE / CYCLE JATHA HASIRU HABBA 2. LOCAL INSTITUTION BUILDING :- ACTIVITIES :- FORMATION OF SELF HELP GROUPS HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT (SSY)

DECENTRALISED WATER HARVESTING SYSTEM

STRATA

Rain fall data of Bagojikoppa watershed area Taluk Ramadurg, Dt:- Belgaum Source:- KID Hirekoppa Sl no Year Jan Feb Mar Ap May Ju Jul Au Sep Oct Nov Dec Total 1 1993 18.2 14.9 11.2 11.4 4.9 121 5.2 7.4 194.2 2 1994 8.8 3.1 67.5 24.5 3.7 8.2 113 0 0 228.9 3 1995 2.5 38.8 82.4 0 4.1 20.7 92.6 39.9 0 281 4 1996 22.3 6.9 21.2 124 24.9 15.5 198 128 2.6 0 543.8 5 1997 1.5 31.4 24.8 59.5 4.8 54.6 21.6 22.9 4.3 15.8 241.2 6 1998 18.2 66.7 70.2 148.8 180 133 25.7 0 642.5 7 1999 76.5 55 48.9 6.3 79.2 140 405.4 8 2000 36.3 60.8 11.3 47.9 72.4 153 381.8 9 2001 1.8 12.9 24 134 56.2 228.7 10 2002 14 6.2 38.1 13.1 34.1 4.4 43.5 153.4 11 2003 29.6 2.1 6.4 9.4 0.2 38 12.8 98.5 12 2004 12.8 51.7 157 4 15 39.9 32 312.7 13 2005 38.4 0.8 116 83.2 30.4 20.1 53.3 342.6 14 2006 0.2 2.1 17.5 106 26.4 9.5 48.4 74.9 31.7 316.6 15 2007 13.8 17.9 69.6 21.7 66.7 111 2.3 302.8 2.5 14 24 150 363.1 997 350.4 481.4 942 1204 122 23.2 4674.1 311.6067

WATER BUDGETING FOR STUDY AREA I Watershed information 1. Watershed area- 350ha 2. Mean annual RF- 311mm 3. Run off inducing RF- 146.25mm 4. Runoff inducing rainy days- 6 days 5. All ready constructed structures- 8CD and 1MI tank II Run off=127969 CMT=127.969 TCM/year Considered 25% run off III amount of water stored in different structure all readily existed TCB12.850 TCM Capacity of CD=4.97 TCM MI tank- 2TCM Total water storage=19.82TCM IV Quantity of water storage in treated structures= 57.84TCM for 126 ha Abstract Water flow=128TCM Water stored=7TCM Qty of water stored in treated area=57 TCM Out flow=64TCM

RAINFA DA OF BA LL TA GOJIKOPPA Series1 Series2 2500 2000 1500 RF MM 1000 500 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Year

1.Mapping:- Well contour map Location structures in map Drainage map 2. Base lines. Rain fall, Intensity of rainfall/ hour:- last 15 years2.71mm Highest rainfall in 24 hours inlast 15 years:-14.10/2000:-65.2mm Average rainfall:- 311mm Temperature Average 36DC Temperature season wise Summer Monsoon Winter Max Dc 38 30 28 Min Dc 35 28 26 Data source:-PHC Hulkund

DRAINAGE LINE

Analyzing drainage line Stream No of Bifurca Area of Stream Stream Drainag order streams tion catchm length frequen e ratio ents cy density 1 11 1.83 3.5sqkm 3.10 5.14 1.92 2 06 06 2.31 3 01 1.32 Total 18 6.73 Abstract 1. Stream frequency is for every 5.14km 2. Drainage density is for every 1.92 km 3. The area is all most 50% black soil in valley and Red lateritic soil in ridges there fore there is a lot of infiltration of rain water and stream frequency is less. 4. Because of more infiltration in ridges the drainage density is also less.

RAIN FALL DATA FROM INHOUSE Year 2008-09 Sl no Year Ap- Ma Ju Jul Au Sep Oc No De Ja Fe Marc 08 y- n- -08 g- -08 t- v- c- n- b- -09 08 08 08 08 08 08 09 09 1 2008-09 0 0 0 0 63 191. 6 Heavy rain fall on 1.8.2008-79mm 4.8.2008-27.3mm 7.8.2008-42mm During this time there was stream flow for 2 to 3 days

Infiltration study Sl no Type of soil Size of the pit Time duration Qty filtered Time gap (ft) 1 Red soil 1X1X1 60min 10 lit min,10,20,30,40 ,50 2 Black soil 1X1X1 60min 2 lit min,10,20,30,40 ,50 Evaporation:- 6250ml filled balance 5750=500 for 24 hours as on 19/1/2009

Water quality test Sn Surve Ca, Bicorb Clorid Sulpa B Residual Soil o Farmer name y no PH TDS Na Mg onate e te o sod corb Bor/Well type 1 Basappa.P.Akki 21/1 7 1.27 4.34 8.36 8.4 7.4 0 0 0.04 both Black 7. 2 Irappa b.hubli 24 4 1.67 12.38 4.32 6.3 7.2 0 0 1.98 well Black Giriappa.T.Choura medBla 3 ddi 32 7 1.27 4.34 8.36 8.4 7.4 0 0 0.04 Boee ck 7. 4 Bassappa.R.Totagi 41/1a 6 1.02 3.4 6.8 6.4 4 0 0 0.4 Bore Black Basanagaouda.M.P 5 atil 71/1 7.1 0.52 1.92 3.28 4.3 4.8 0 0 9.3 Bore/well Black

SACHETANA -Achievements •Farm ponds- 1184 •Area treated with bunds- 2610 ha •Gully plugs- 160 •Roof top harvesting structure- 250 •Horticulture and forestry- 400 ha •Vermi-comopost- 277 •Bore-well recharge- 30 •Open well recharge- 75

Aquifer recharge structures •In areas with fluorides in top soils direct aquifer recharge can be an answer

TRENCH CUM BUND ACROSS THE SLOPE HELPS TO CONSERVE SOIL AND WATER AND SUPPORTS PLANTATION ON BUNDS

CONSERVATION OF RAIN WATER • SURFACE CONSERVATION • SUB SURFACE CONSERVARION • VEGETATIVE CONSERVATION • MECHANICAL CONSERVATION

FARM POND FOR DECENTRALISED WATER HARVESTING AND FOR ARRESTING SILT MOVEMENT BEYOND INDIVIDUAL HOLDINGS

SUPPORT TO INFILTRATION

RECHARGING OF BORE WELL ESCAVATION FILLING OF DUG PIT

1st rain water harvesting structure and liked by schools 1st & Most popular rain water harvesting structures for houses

RAIN WATER HARVEST FROM MUD ROOF FOR DRINKING PURPOSE 5100 lits 10000 lits FERROCEMENT STORAGE TANK BRICK STORAGE TANK

RAIN WATER HARVEST FROM DIFFERENT ROOFS FOR DRINKING PURPOSE ASBESTOS •Artificial floors with cement stabilization coupled with underground storage facilities

• Increased water level in bore wells

OVER FLOW

Impacts of the Programme • Increased availability of water for drinking purpose Survey of four villages, 432 families, shows that 173 families are drinking water of farm ponds in addition to other water resources

OUTPUT/ RESULT Increased water level in open wells

Increased duration of stream flow

Progress review of the team

Duration of the water availability in open wells of study area:- Existing status of 65 wells 2008 Last year 65 wells 45 wells- period 6-8 months 15 wells -8 months 20 wells for 12 months 08 wells- 12 months 42 wells- dried Well inventory Well status 2007 Well status 2008-sept Sl no Farm name Survey Total Water Water Total Water Water Location no depth in level depth dept level depth Mt Mt 1 Ningappa 41 17 mtr 15.8 1.2 17 mt 12.50 4.50 Ridge 2 Allasb 124/2 18 13.4 4.60 18 12.9 5.10 Valley 3 Ramahandra nil 14.7 6.8 7.9 14.7 5.7 9 Valley 4 Vittal 18 12.05 10.9 1.15 12.05 9.9 2.15 Middle 5 Bhimappa nil 18 12.5 5.5 18 11.30 6.7 Middle 6 Ashok 65 9.5 9.4 0.1 9.5 2.00 7.5 Middle 7 Kallappa 43/1 15.20 14.20 1.00 15.20 12.45 2.75 Valley

Change in cropping pattern • Survey of 432 families • 1783 acres of land • 7 villages 70 % families adopted mixed cropping in 75% acres of land

Increased green cover in the project area 652 hectares of land

Status of open wells No. of open well Status of open well in 2002 Status of open well in 2007 Average Average No. of Average No. of depth of Open Water dried Open Water dried Increase open well with level in open well with level in open in water Village well in ft water ft well water ft well level 12 12 24 Virupap ura 24 37.08 50% 2.23 50% 100% 11.35 0 9.12 21 13 34 Kalkeri 34 34.38 62% 4.21 38% 100% 12.04 0 7.83 Mustiko 11 8 19 ppa 19 29.47 (58%) 2.23 42% 100% 15 0 12.77 Tippapu 6 10 ra 10 27.9 60% 7.75 4 100% 10.45 0 2.7 27 42 69 Budihal 69 32.22 39% 2.83 61% 100% 11.01 0 8.18 156 Total 156 32.21 77 (49) 3.85 79 (51) 100% 11.97 0 8.12

Status of bore wells Overflowing bore wells 2007 Bore wells inside Bore wells in Village the dried open the ground Virupapura 6 -- Mustikoppa 11 -- Kalkeri 9 -- Budihal 14 3 Bennihalli 9 2 Tippapura 2 -- Maktampur 3 3 Total 54 8

Dilution of fluoride in under ground water Name of the Type of Fluoride in mg/l (0.5 ppm to 1.5ppm) Village Source 29.11.03 31.12.04 09.09.05 11.12.06 27.12.07 Bore well 6.34 4.93 3.6 4.94 3.92 Virupapur Open Well 6.27 3.4 0.3 4.94 3.48 Virupapur Tanda Bore well 1.64 1.26 0 1.55 1.04 Bore well 5.64 3.97 3.7 5.36 4.65 Kalakeri Open Well 5.58 4.55 3.88 4.2 4.1 Bore well 4.49 3.85 3.68 3.41 2.41 Mus tikoppa Open Well 4.48 3.96 3.12 3.325 2.42 Bore well 3.85 3.36 3.6 5.57 4.71 Tippapur Open Well -- 6.52 3.4 -- 3.36 Bore well -- 2.6 2.2 2.29 1.77 Budihal Open Well -- 1.76 1.45 1.355 1.06 Harogeri Bore well -- 1.73 1.8 1.42 1.2 Bore well -- 2.33 2.45 1.92 1.9 Bas apura Open Well -- 2.84 2.8 2.32 1.87 Maktumpur Bore well -- 3.72 3.1 2.83 3.08 Bennihalli Bore well -- 4.71 3.32 3.55 3.99

Increased crop production Sl Name of the Before the During % of No crop project 2007 Difference Increase 1 Jowar 5 6.5 1.5 30% 2 Hoarse gram 2.5 3.5 1 39% 3 Red gram 3 3.5 0.5 17% 4 Bangle gram 3 3.7 0.7 23% 5 Green gram 1 2.5 1.5 150% 6 Ground nut 7 9 2 29% 7 Sun flower 3 3.25 0.25 8% Random survey of 125 families of 5 villages

Trend in dilution of fluoride in under ground water Sl No Water Source Dec-03 Dec-07 1 Bore Wells 4.39 2.86 2 Open Wells 5.44 2.71 Fluoride level of 14 water sources is come down to permissible limit

Before implementation-2004

Water budgeting-2007 Total watershed area:-1255 ha Treated area:-350ha CMT work bund:-35431 No of farm ponds:-32 No CD:-24 Forest coverage:-323 ha Horticulture:-13.4 ha No of tanks:-3 Study area:-350 ha Treated area:-126 ha Total Cmt bund:-12698.2 cmt No of farm ponds:-14 No CD:-8 Forest coverage:-150 ha Horticulture:-13.4 ha No of tanks:-1 size=crest ht 2.60mt crest length=13.40mtr Back water 70mtr Wells information in Watershed area Total wells 196 Functional well 20, Not functional wells 176 as on 2004 Study area Total wells 65 Functional well 50 Not functional wells 15 as on 2008 Jan-08 Functional well 25 Not functional wells 40 as on 2007 jan-07

Water budgeting-September2008 Total watershed area:-1255 ha Treated area:-350ha CMT work bund:-35431 No of farm ponds:-32 No CD:-24 Forest coverage:-323 ha Horticulture:-13.4 ha No of tanks:-3 Study area:-350 ha Treated area:-152.27 ha Total Cmt bund:-12850.47cmt No of farm ponds:-26 No CD:-8 Forest coverage:-150 ha Horticulture:-18.4 ha No of tanks:-1 size=crest ht 2.60mt crest length=13.40mtr Back water 70mtr Wells information in Watershed area Total wells 196 Functional well 20, Not functional wells 176 as on 2004 Study area Total wells 65 Functional well 50 Not functional wells 15 as on 2008 Jan-08 Functional well 25 Not functional wells 40 as on 2007 jan-07 Sept-08 Functional 61 non Functional 04

Study area of Bagojikoppa and Mellikeri -126 ha Yield of the bores wells increased to 2 times irrigated area and 2 bore wells were over flowing 1bore well at chikkopa (water supply) and another bore well not fitted with motor because there was no water during drilling 2004 Monitoring of Bore wells:- Going on. One we found the irrigation area is increased compare to 2004 ie as per our data 100 ha now it is increased to double. No of bore wells-99 As on 2004 As on 2008 Functional 69 99 Not functional 30 o Chikkoppa

Study area PROPOSED MAP BAGOJIKOPPA

PUMPING TEST

After study work

FIELD VISIT FROM NABARD FOR IMPACT STUDY

Pumping test Well inventory Well no 1 Study area:- Bagojikoppa Village:- Mellikeri Location with land mark:- Mango and Tamarind tree north to south direction near to tank (MIT) Longtude;-75Digree 20digree 1E Latitude:- 16.5 to 16.10N MSL:-642mt Owners name:-Ashok Ningappa Badiger Type of well:- dug well Depth of the well:-7.3 mtr Well width=4.15 mtr Measuring point from ground level:-Mattibari 7.30 m Water level:-6.30m Water depth:-1.mtr Geology:-Murum Metomorphic, sedimentary Type of aquifier:-unconfined Aquifier thichness:- Well use:- Irrigation Nearest surface water source:- tank Pump capapcity:-3HP Daily pumping per day:-1/2 hour Irrigated area:-1 ac Out put from motor =71sec/200 lit water Length of out put=140feet Open well length=6.3mt Breadth=6.15mt

Date Static level Reduced water level Well yield Time(min) Draw down Time min Draw down mtr 11.56AM 6.30mtr 0 0 12.01PM 6.38 5 0.08 12.06PM 6.46 10 0.16 12.11pm 6.49 15 0.19 12.16 6.54 20 0.24 Recovery 12.16PM 6.54 0 0 12.21PM 6.53 5 0.01 12.26 6.53 10 0.01 12.31 6.50 15 0.04

Specific capacity of the well=Q/S 169/0.24 for 20 min 704lit/min T=264X704/ C=2.303(A/t)/log(s1/S2)= 2.303 (25.5/20)/log 6=

Well inventory Well no 2 Study area:- Bagojikoppa Village:- Mellikeri Location with land mark:-Right road side Neem tree and Accacia trees towards east Longtude;-75Digree 20digree 1E Latitude:- 16.5 to 16.10N MSL:-646mt Owners name:-Ningappa parappa Koujalagi Type of well:- dug well Depth of the well:-17 mitr Well dia:-6.5 mtr Measuring point from ground level:-Foundation of Motor= 7.30 m Water level:-5.50mtrm Water depth:-1.2mtr Geology:-Murum Metomorphic, sedimentary Type of aquifier:-unconfined Aquifier thichness:- Well use:- Irrigation Nearest surface water source:- bore well at rigde of kolavi Pump capapcity:-5HP Daily pumping per day:-1/2 hour Irrigated area:-3 ac Out put from motor = 45sec/180 lit water Length of put=245mtr Water depth= 1.20mt

Date Satatic level reduced water level Well yield Time(min) Draw down Time Draw down mtr 12.25pm 5.20 12.30pm 5.28 12.35pm 5.37 12.40 5.44 12.45 5.50 Recovery 5.50 12.50pm 5.49 12.55pm 5.47 13.00pm 5.46 13.05pm 5.44 13.10pm 5.42

SACHETANA Project Experience with recharge - BIRD-K

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