Presented By: Imad Ahmad Baig Kinza Khalid Taha Hameedi POWER GENERATION IN PAKISTAN

Introduction World heading towards Energy Crises According to IEA (International Energy Agency) oil, coal and natural gas together supply 85 per cent of the world's energy requirements Energy assets are largely controlled by international firms Asia has become a principal driver in world energy markets

World heading towards Energy Crises

According to IEA (International Energy Agency) oil, coal and natural gas together supply 85 per cent of the world's energy requirements

Energy assets are largely controlled by international firms

Asia has become a principal driver in world energy markets

Energy Sector in Pakistan Pakistan, a 61 year old independent state has still not been able to meet its demand of power and generation. Pakistan is not self-sufficient in energy production Country faces huge electric power crises today At present electricity is generated by only three modes THERMAL 65% HYDEL 33% NUCLEAR 2% Two companies that produces electricity in Pakistan WAPDA KESC About 55% of the total population is estimated to have access to electricity

Pakistan, a 61 year old independent state has still not been able to meet its demand of power and generation.

Pakistan is not self-sufficient in energy production

Country faces huge electric power crises today

At present electricity is generated by only three modes

THERMAL 65%

HYDEL 33%

NUCLEAR 2%

Two companies that produces electricity in Pakistan

WAPDA

KESC

About 55% of the total population is estimated to have access to electricity

Supply & Demand The total power production capacity in the country is about 19,500 MW. The country is falling short of 4500 MW The demand for the supply of electricity is growing at an annual rate of almost 9 %, whereas the supply of electricity is increasing at a comparatively slower rate of around 7 %. The power crisis is mainly caused by power line losses which can be as much as 25 percent. According to a survey: Household Sector 44.2% Industries 31.1% Agriculture 14.3% Government Sector 7.4% Commercial 5.5% Street Lights 0.7%

The total power production capacity in the country is about 19,500 MW.

The country is falling short of 4500 MW

The demand for the supply of electricity is growing at an annual rate of almost 9 %, whereas the supply of electricity is increasing at a comparatively slower rate of around 7 %.

The power crisis is mainly caused by power line losses which can be as much as 25 percent.

According to a survey:

Household Sector 44.2%

Industries 31.1%

Agriculture 14.3%

Government Sector 7.4%

Commercial 5.5%

Street Lights 0.7%

Supply through Power Plants Thermal Power Stations Wapda Operates -11 stations KESC Operates -4 stations IPP’s Operates -14 stations Independently Hydel Power Generation Tarbela Dam – 1750 MW Mangla Dam- 900 MW Nuclear Power Generation Two nuclear reactors of 425 MW power to generate electricity.

Thermal Power Stations

Wapda Operates -11 stations

KESC Operates -4 stations

IPP’s Operates -14 stations Independently

Hydel Power Generation

Tarbela Dam – 1750 MW

Mangla Dam- 900 MW

Nuclear Power Generation

Two nuclear reactors of 425 MW power to generate electricity.

Reasons for Crisis Liquidity Crunch Faced by WAPDA WAPDA Reducing Supply to KESC Decrease in Generation Capacity of KESC KALABAGH Dam Nuclear power plants Coal reserves Theft of electricity

Liquidity Crunch Faced by WAPDA

WAPDA Reducing Supply to KESC

Decrease in Generation Capacity of KESC

KALABAGH Dam

Nuclear power plants

Coal reserves

Theft of electricity

Outcomes Effect on Industries Social Implications

Effect on Industries

Social Implications

Steps of Government to Overcome the Crises ENERCON Research and Development Coal Exploitation Liberalization and Deregulation of Power sector in Pakistan

ENERCON

Research and Development

Coal Exploitation

Liberalization and Deregulation of Power sector in Pakistan

Proposed Solutions Improving Existing Plants Hydel Power Plants Construction of Small Dams Underground Electrical Wiring

Improving Existing Plants

Hydel Power Plants

Construction of Small Dams

Underground Electrical Wiring

The Alternative Energy Development Board (AEDB) AEDB was created in May 2003 to act as the central national body on the subject of renewable energy in Pakistan. Renewable technologies promise energy at affordable cost that can speed up the development of rural areas.

AEDB was created in May 2003 to act as the central national body on the subject of renewable energy in Pakistan.

Renewable technologies promise energy at affordable cost that can speed up the development of rural areas.

Solar Thermal Power Plants Technologies There are two types of Solar Thermal Technologies Solar Dish Stirling Engine Technology Solar Parabolic Trough Technology AEDB is installing three Solar Thermal Power Plants of 10-35 kW using Parabolic Trough and Dish / Sterling technologies.

There are two types of Solar Thermal Technologies

Solar Dish Stirling Engine Technology

Solar Parabolic Trough Technology

AEDB is installing three Solar Thermal Power Plants of 10-35 kW using Parabolic Trough and Dish / Sterling technologies.

Biomass / Waste to Energy Biomass / waste to energy can be designed with capacities of 1 ton to 1500 tons per day of industrial waste , hospital waste ,hazardous waste. AEDB has issued LoIs in the field of Biomass / Waste to Power. AEDB is actively working for the Biogas, Landhi Cattle Colony, and Karachi Pilot Project

Biomass / waste to energy can be designed with capacities of 1 ton to 1500 tons per day of industrial waste , hospital waste ,hazardous waste.

AEDB has issued LoIs in the field of Biomass / Waste to Power.

AEDB is actively working for the Biogas, Landhi Cattle Colony, and Karachi Pilot Project

Wind Project Pakistan has potential of wind energy in the coastal belt of Sindh, Balochistan and as well as in the desert areas of Punjab and Sindh. It is estimated that more than 5000 villages can be electrified through wind energy in Sindh, Balochistan and Northern areas. AEDB has issued LoIs to ninety three (93) national and international investors, 92 for 50 MW wind power projects each and one LOI for 05 MW wind project

Pakistan has potential of wind energy in the coastal belt of Sindh, Balochistan and as well as in the desert areas of Punjab and Sindh.

It is estimated that more than 5000 villages can be electrified through wind energy in Sindh, Balochistan and Northern areas.

AEDB has issued LoIs to ninety three (93) national and international investors, 92 for 50 MW wind power projects each and one LOI for 05 MW wind project

Current Status A Turkish company is close to completing the first windmill in Pakistan. Zorlu Energy Pakistan has almost completed foundation work for five wind turbines in Jhimpir. Each capable of producing 1.2 megawatts of electricity. Gharo Wind Power Plant is planned to be built in the persistently wind-swept corridor of Gharo, Sindh, Pakistan. This will be one of the first wind power project in Pakistan.

A Turkish company is close to completing the first windmill in Pakistan.

Zorlu Energy Pakistan has almost completed foundation work for five wind turbines in Jhimpir.

Each capable of producing 1.2 megawatts of electricity.

Gharo Wind Power Plant is planned to be built in the persistently wind-swept corridor of Gharo, Sindh, Pakistan. This will be one of the first wind power project in Pakistan.

Conclusion Pakistan has the resources to meet its growing energy requirements. The challenge lies in making these options commercially, economically, and politically feasible.

Pakistan has the resources to meet its growing energy requirements.

The challenge lies in making these options commercially, economically, and politically feasible.

Its better to be afraid of the dark now, then to be afraid for your whole life… save electricity…