Enterprise PHP (PHP London Conference 2008)

Enterprise PHP development Ivo Jansch <ivo@ibuildings.com> PHPLondon Conference, February 29, 2008

About me
CTO at Ibuildings
Development using PHP (websites, applications)
Big projects (high traffic, multi-tier, clusters, high availability, large teams)
Consultancy (training, audits)
Partner of Zend Technologies
9 years in NL, 3 months in UK
Geek!
Author of several Open Source projects
Interested in PHP, Web 2.0, Science
Nervous in front of audiences bigger than 5 ;-)

What's an enterprise?
Wikipedia:
“ Any of several ships by that name in the Star Trek fictional universe”
“ A business, company, or comparable organization”

Is PHP Enterprise ready?
CIO Magazine:
“ PHP works well for prototyping because it is easy to get a site up and running. Use PHP to design the site [...] but when it comes time for development, tell the team you want the result to look and act like this PHP site...but in Java”
(Or: “great, this is exactly what I need! now do it again, at twice the cost!”)
http://www.cio.com/article/176250 (skip the article, read the comments)

Is PHP Enterprise ready?
Small
Lightweight
Cheap
Easy to learn
Big
Enterprise friendly
enterpriCe
CS required

A word from my girlfriend
It's not the SIZE of the tool...
It's how you USE it.

PHP is changing...
1998
Personal stuff
2003
Simple websites
Content management
Blogs
2008
Big websites
Banks
Insurance Companies
...

PHP is changing...
Traditional metaphor
PHP is like Lego bricks
Bricks allowing you to build anything

PHP is changing...
PHP is no longer a toy
Let’s use the metaphor of actual bricks
Because we’re building actual buildings now

About Bricks
Extreme simplicity
Easy to learn
Versatile
Cheap
... so building a skyscraper must be peanuts, right?

Enterprise development in 10 steps

Step 1 – The Team
“Dear Mr. Businessman,
I have read about your plans to build a new skyscraper and I am applying for a job.
I have a lot of experience with Bricks. I taught myself how to use them and have been maintaining our family shed for a few years now.”

Step 1 – The Team
Be a software engineer
Train your skills
Study OO principles
Consider Zend Certification

Step 2 - Requirements
What does the customer need?
What do visitors want?

Step 2 - Requirements
Functional Design
Requirements definition
Interaction Design / Wireframes
Flow diagrams

Step 3 - Architecture
Don’t just start stacking bricks
Create an architecture first

Technical Design
Modelling
Class diagrams
ER diagram (data model)
Colaboration diagrams
Use cases
etc.
Tools: UML, whiteboards

High Level Architectures:
MVC (Model View Controller)
SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)
Multi-tier development (Frontend, Application, Data)
CBD (Component Based Development)

Step 4 - Tools
You don’t need tools...
But they make you productive

Step 4 - Tools
Development:
Eclipse (PDT)
PhpED
Vim
Zend Studio
IDE's vs Editors
Debugging
Profiling
Navigation / cross references
Inspection

Step 4 - Tools
Source Control
CVS / SVN
Bitkeeper / GIT
Branching
Tagging

Step 5 - Foundation
Start stacking bricks?
How many bricks does it take..
What about stability?
Start with a foundation

Step 5 - Foundation
Use a framework
Provides guidelines (frame)
Off the shelf components
Examples
Zend Framework http://framework.zend.com
CakePHP http://http://www.cakephp.org
ezComponents http://ez.no/ezcomponents
Symfony http://www.symfony-project.org
ATK http://www.achievo.org/atk

Step 5 - Foundation
The “Not Invented Here” Syndrome
“The existing frameworks are no good. I can do this better.”
“This framework is no good. It can do A through Y but I need Z.”
“This framework is too big. It provides A-Z but we only need A and B.”
“I know there's a good framework. But I would like to learn.”

Step 6 – Design Patterns
Requirement 1056.4:
We need to be able to look outside, but we
can't make holes in the wall (rain should be
kept outside). When it's sunny, a hole is ok.

Step 6 – Design Patterns
A ‘window’ is a concept
Best practice way of solving a particular problem
In IT, we call this a ‘design pattern’
Popular patterns in PHP:
MVC, Factory, Singleton, Registry, Decorator
Good read:
php|architect's Guide to PHP Design Patterns - Jason E. Sweat

Step 7 - Testing
Is your software tested after it has gone live?

Step 7 - Testing
Various types of testing
Developer testing
Functional testing
Environment testing
Performance testing
Usability testing

Step 7 - Testing
Common scenario

Step 7 - Testing
User complains...
MWOEHA! BUG!

Step 7 - Testing
Developer attacks the problem
fix_bug();

Step 7 - Testing
Problem solved!

Step 7 - Testing
Solution: Unit Tests
Automated testing after each change
Prevents regressions
Testing for PHP applications:
PHPUnit http://www.phpunit.de/
SimpleTest http://www.lastcraft.com/simple_test.php
Continuous Integration:
Xinc http://code.google.com/p/xinc/

Step 7 - Testing
Test Driven Development
1. Define functionality
2. Create testcase
3. Run test -> test fails
4. Implement functionality
Test succeeds? Done
Test fails? Refactor
Repeat step 4 until finished

Step 8 - Optimization
Users are reporting:
"I work on the 197th floor. Every day I
have to walk the stairs for 2 hours, then I
have only 4 hours left to do my job."

Solution: Elevator

In PHP, this ‘elevator’ is called an ‘accelerator’
This is how PHP works (pseudo-ish code): read index.php; // enter the building compile index.php; // go to floor 197 echo “Hello World”; // get the job done
An accelerator improves the first 2 steps
Accelerators for PHP:
eAccelerator http://eaccelerator.net/
APC http://pecl.php.net/package/APC
Zend Platform http://www.zend.com/products/zend_platform

Users complain:
“Every time I need coffee I have to go
to the top floor to get some.”

Solution: Create small coffee corners on every floor so people don’t have to go to the main restaurant every time.
In PHP we call this caching
Don’t query the database everytime you need data
Use locally stored copy (file or memory)
PHP Caching solutions:
Zend_Cache http://framework.zend.com
Smarty http://smarty.php.net
Zend Platform http://www.zend.com/products/zend_platform
Memcached http://danga.com/memcached/

Step 9 - Deployment
Lifecycle:
Develop
Test
Deploy to acceptance test environment
Deploy to live
Use SVN
Code is just a part, don't forget the database
Create a 'Deployment & Release Profile'

Step 9 - Deployment
System Architecture
PHP Apache Linux MySQL From a simple LAMP stack on a single machine...

Step 9 - Deployment
System Architecture
... to a High Availability, Horizontally Scalable architecture

Step 10 - Operations
Monitoring
Logfiles
Monitor infrastructure (tools such as Nagios)
Monitor application (tools such as Zend Platform)
Monitor business (is the money still pouring in?)

Debugging
Ideal: “I had error x when I selected y after I clicked z”
Reality: “It doesn't work!” “What exactly doesn't work, and what did you do?” “It just ******** didn't work, FIX IT.”

Solution
A 'root cause analysis' tool

Change management
Ticket system
Stick to your deployment - use the DRP
DON'T TOUCH THE LIVE ENVIRONMENT.
But I absolutely have to...
DON'T!
but...
NO! I MEAN IT! :-)

The Big Picture
No ‘cowboy coding’, but structured steps
Higher quality
Software will be easier to maintain (and cheaper)
Development methodology
Waterfall
Agile (DSDM, XP, Scrum)
Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
Adapt from existing methods, learn from experts
Document it properly
Make it the cornerstone of your development efforts

More things to think about?
Development
Implementation
Documentation
Security

Before I finish
Dutch PHP Conference 2008
http://www.phpconference.nl
Call for Ideas
see your favorite guru
hear your favorite topic
Buy my book
“php|architect's Enterprise PHP Development”
Should be available in a few months
Talk to us
Visit our booth
We are still hiring
We have stuff to sell you ;-)

Questions? http://www.ibuildings.com http://www.jansch.nl [email_address]

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Enterprise PHP (PHP London Conference 2008)

by Ivo Jansch on Mar 02, 2008

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