China evaluation

IFAD in PR China
Country Program Review1997-2010
Thomas Rath, Country Program Manager
IFAD-international Fund for Agricultural Development
Rome 15 July 2011

Why a country program review?

China’s pathway to growth and wealth – Are all on board ?
Population: 1.3 billion (55% rural residents)
Extraordinary economic growths since 1975: per capita income grew at 8.3 % (1981 –2005)
China became world’s 2nd largest trading nation
GNI per capita: USD 3,650 (in 2009)
HDI: 0.541 (1980) to 0.772 (2007; rank 92)
Poverty fell from 652 mill. to 135 mill. (1981-2004)Poverty fell from 65 % to 10 % of the population
Inequality has increased: urban – rural ; east – west

China
Pic of Beijing
Pic of an IFAD village or Farm

- IFAD in China – 30 Years of rural development history

Key Points – IFAD’s Country program

Overall Rating of the Portfolio

Effectiveness
Physical & financial delivery consistently high
Targets have been met or exceeded
Strong leadership of prov. PMOs
Example: Outreach to women
training on adult literacy
School drop outs for girls
Technical skills training
Improved access to water and energy => more time for training & IGA
Long-term impact on women’s status
Figure: Proportion of Women in Agricultural Training Activities
Source: Cumulative Data, Project Monitoring and evaluation systems.

Benchmarking Project Efficiency

Rural Poverty Impact
Domains:
1. Household income and assets
2. Food security and Agric. Productivity
3. Human & social capital & empowerment
4. Natural resources & environment
5. Institutions & policies

Household Income & assets
Poverty reduced from 84% (1995) to 7 % (2001) in Jiangxi
Increase in income by 36.8 % in SW Anhui
Investments in rural infrastructure (e.g. feeder roads, irrigation,drinking water, biogas)
Rural Finance: resources in the hands of the poor farmers & women

Food security
Grain availability: 256 to 500 kg per capita(Hubei - Qingling Mountains )
Food security: 95% in Guangxi (food sufficiency for > 12 months)
Challenges: Some malnutrition among children in marginal areas (20 – 30 %)

Agricultural productivity
Partnerships with local AgBureaus
+
New products (niche products, fruits), technologies (extension, terracing, irrigation)
= Impact
Example: W-Guangxi PAP
95% of HH increased crop production
78 % HH increased livestock production
55 % HH increased fruit tree production
Gansu, Inner Mongolia & Ningxia:
Cropping index increased by 200-300% to greenhouses
Challenges:
Variable market demand
O&M in less organised villages

Human/Social Capital and Empowerment
Empowered communities:
VIG & VDP (Village Development Plan)
Representation of farmers and women
Dialogue with township governors
Women empowerment:
Literacy & health awareness
Women sign their credit contracts
Women specific training
Women taking on their IGAs
Ethnic minorities
Poverty is frequent in ethnic minority areas
Projects adapted measures to the needs of people (e.g. training in ethnic language)

Innovations, replications & scaling up
GoC (2006) : “Innovation through introduction of useful new international experience is the most valuable role of IFAD in China”
Participation of men & women
Project Management : modular approach
Extension: on-farm demonstration with poor farmers; Technical envoy - TE
Agriculture: intercropping
Rural energy: Biogas
Market access: farmer cooperative
Rural Finance: new lending products, Weather index insurance

Innovations in Agriculture
Continuous work on introduction of new products, technologies and approaches
2 Examples:
intercropping of cowpea and potatoes: - Increased land use efficiency - Soil fertility
Technical envoy: extension service model based on demand

Replication and Scaling up
Photo: herders in Shimoguo Village of Qianshan
Township of Yiwu County in Xinjiang build simple
greenhouses on Gobi for mushroom production
introduced by a technical envoy supported by the
program. The original design is to use the idle warm shed
for mushroom production during summer while the
animals graze on pasture. Seeing the benefits of the
enterprise prompted herders to expand the operation on
Gobi. Local government subsidizes the establishment of
facilities.)
Some channels for dissemination: across projects:
Annual Country program review workshops
Project leading groups assembling managers of different departments in a province
Exchange visits
Publications & office websites
Successful technological innovations scaled up quickly like biogas and water cisterns, new tree and niche crops , animal breeds , farming techniques through experimentation and piloting
One example : warm shed of livestock in winter is used for mushroom cultivation in summer

Knowledge management
IFAD approved KM strategy in 2007
IFAD – China:
Chinese sub-site of ENRAP
Project websites
Thematic studies e.g. gender , rural finance, organic agriculture
China book
CPO dedicated to KM
Annual program workshops
Project exchange visits
In RF policy and exchange platform was intended but not realized
South – south exchange visits
Last 2 projects have dedicated budget for KM
=> More systematic efforts to capture & disseminate knowledge

COSOP 1999
Centered on an integrated multi-sector approach for rural development
VAM helped targeting the main poverty pockets (12 provinces)
Partnership with WFP (5 loans) was effective: FFW & FFT
Key decision: Microfinance was introduced through formal rural banks (RCC) to support agriculture & women IGA
Working through dedicated VIG – for participation, targeting and gender

COSOP 2005
2 thrusts: Access and innovations
Strong relevance
Innovations: Modular approach, TE and organic farming
Strong: reinforcement of gender focus
Modest : organics, market access, NRM
Modest achievements in institutional building and policy reform
Innovation thrust has not gained much traction
Systematic approach to KM to capture innovations was missing

Reducing poverty in China - summary
Strong government commitment & resources & policies
Targeting
Participation of the poor – VIG
Women at the centre
Focus on diversified agriculture
Combination of sectors (ag-rf-social-infrastructure)
Innovation & KM

The way forward
COSOP 2011
IFAD’s comparative advantage in China (MIC)
Targeting approach
Identifying and disseminating innovation is key
Improve the “E” in M&E
KM & South-South cooperation
Coherent partnerships (government, NGO and private sector)
Increase role of country presence

THANK YOU 谢谢

http://operations.ifad.org	3442
http://www.ruralpovertyportal.org	96
http://10.3.36.169	93
http://devappliferay.ifad.org	61
http://translate.googleusercontent.com	4
http://www.ifad.org	3
http://ruralpovertyportal.org	2
http://207.46.192.232	1
https://vpn.lan.kth.se	1
http://webcache.googleusercontent.com	1

China evaluation

by IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development on Jul 15, 2011

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