Ethernet: A look at the Ubiquitous Wired Networking Technology and Why it Makes Sense for a Service Provider

SIEPON Workshop Prague, Czech Republic Ethernet: A look at the Ubiquitous Wired Networking Technology and Why it Makes Sense for a Service Provider April 20th 2012 Wael William Diab Vice Chair, IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) Sr. Technical Director, Office of The CTO, Broadcom Vice-Chair IEEE CAG, Member IEEE Standards Board, SECVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 Copyright 2012 Page 1

Before I Share My Views… “At lectures, symposia, seminars, or educational courses, an individual presenting information on IEEE standards shall make it clear that his or her views should be considered the personal views of that individual rather than the formal position, explanation, or interpretation of the IEEE.” IEEE-SA Standards Board Operation Manual (subclause 5.9.3)Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 2 Page 2

Agenda Overview History and structure of Ethernet Evolution of Ethernet Key Historic Projects and Emerging Technologies Why Ethernet makes sense for a Service Provider? Emerging applications requirements Concluding remarksVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 3 Page 3

Ethernet: History and Relation to 802 • History of LMSC – 1st meeting Feb 1980. Originally known as the Technical Committee on Computer Communications (TCCC or “T-Triple-C”). Originally LAN, MAN scope added later • LMSC consists of – SEC (802.0): Sponsor Executive Committee – WGs/TAGs (802.x): Working Groups and Technical Advisory Groups • Examples of Active WGs/TAGs – Notice the historic success of odd numbered groups! – 802.1, 802.3, 802.11, 802.15, 802.16, 802.17, 802.18, 802.19, 802.20, 802.21Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 4 Page 4

Ethernet: Organization and Process • Organization – Each Working Group has its own leadership and projects called Task Forces – Each TF has its own leadership. Exists for the duration of the project – For Ethernet, 802.3 and its membership make up the Working Group. • Process – Idea starts as a “Call For Interest” and then goes through a long, thorough and strict process before becoming a standard. Requires 75% approval (individual) – Day-to-day technical work is done in a group operating under .3 (SG/TF) – Work has to be approved by .3. Ensures compatibility etc. w/ prior projectsVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 5 Page 5

IEEE 802 Working Groups IEEE 802 Sponsor Executive Committee IEEE 802.1 IEEE 802.11 IEEE 802.15 IEEE 802.3 Bridging, Architecture Wireless LAN Wireless Personal Area Ethernet Working Group Working Group Working Group Networks Working Group IEEE 802.16 IEEE 802.17 IEEE 802.18 IEEE 802.19 Broadband Wireless Resilient Pack Ring Radio Regulatory Coexistence Access Working Group Working Group Technical Advisory Group Technical Advisory Group IEEE 802.20 Mobile Broadband IEEE 802.21 IEEE 802.22 Wireless Access Media Independent Wireless Regional Area Working Group Handoff Networks Working GroupVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 6 Page 6

IEEE 802 Working Groups • 802.1 - Protocol layers above the MAC & LLC layers • 802.3 – Ethernet-based Local Area Networks (LANs) OSI Reference • 802.11 – Wireless Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANs/MANs) Model • 802.15 – Personal Area Networks or short distance wireless networks (WPANs) Application • 802.16 - Wireless Broadband Metropolitan Area Networks (WBMANs) • 802.17 - Development and deployment of Resilient Packet Ring (RPR) networks in Presentation Local, Metropolitan, and Wide Area Networks (LANs, MANs, WANs) • 802.18 - Radio Regulatory Technical Advisory Group ("RR-TAG") Session • 802.19 - Coexistence between wireless standards and reviews coexistence assurance Transport (CA) documents produced by the wireless working groups • 802.20 - Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA) Network • 802.21 - Handover and interoperability between networks Data Link • 802.22 - Wireless Regional Area Networks (WRANs) Physcial MediumVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 7 Page 7

IEEE 802.3 Ethernet PHY Types Rate (b/s) 100G Key: 10G - Backplane - Co-axial - Twin-axial - Twisted pair 1000M - Multimode Fibre - Single-mode Fibre 100M - Voice grade copper - Point to Multipoint Fibre 10M 1M 0.1 1 10 102 103 104 105 Distance (m)Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 9 Page 9 9

HSSG IEEE Std 802.3u-1995 100Mb/s Ethernet Standard formed approved From 100M to 100G over the last 15 years High Speed Study Group IEEE P802.3u 100Mb/s Ethernet Task Force N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J 1993 1994 1995 Task Force Working group Sponsor review ballot ballot D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 IEEE P802.3u PAR Approved HSSG IEEE Std 802.3z-1998 1Gb/s Ethernet Standard formed approved High Speed Study Group IEEE P802.3z 1Gb/s Ethernet Task Force N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J 1996 1997 1998 Task Force Working group Sponsor ballot review ballot D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 IEEE P802.3z PAR Approved HSSG IEEE Std 802.3ae-2002 10Gb/s Ethernet Standard formed approved High Speed Study Group IEEE P802.3ae 10Gb/s Ethernet Task Force M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J 1999 2000 2001 2002 Task Force Working group Sponsor ballot review ballot IEEE P802.3ae PAR Approved D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 HSSG IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Standard formed approved High Speed Study Group IEEE P802.3ba 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s Ethernet Task Force Planned J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J J A S O N D J F M A M J 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Task Force Working group Sponsor ballot review ballot IEEE P802.3ba PAR Approved D1 D2 D3Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 10 Page 10

Higher Speed Ethernet Penetration Campus/ Service Data Center Enterprise Provider Core Core Distribution Aggregation Wiring Closet Access Distribution Clients Servers ResidentialVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 12 Page 12

The Key Piece of the Access Puzzle • 10G EPON will provide the solution for high definition content distribution • Complements work on 10G for data centers, and AV Bridges • Drives higher BW in the CO and aggregation network – Similar use for 4G wireless backhaul Central Office Distribution Home network >10G Ethernet 10G EPON Video server L2 switch OLT passive AV splitter bridge VOIP gateway ONUVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 14 Page 14

Power over Ethernet 20W PTZ CAM 3~7W IP Phone > 15W PC 18W Wi-Fi AP/RG Powered Device (PD) Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) Switch, Router, Gateway, Set-top BoxVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 16 Page 16

PoE Architecture: Switch Power Sourcing Equipment (PSE) Powered Device (PD) 8 SPARE SPARE 7 5 SPARE SPARE 4 6 DATA 3 10/100 10/100 EPHY 2 EPHY DATA 1 P 44V to 57V POE - PSE POE – PD DC-DC N Converter Wire Side Type 1 (AF) =15.4W Type 1 (AF) =12.95W Isolated Side Type 2 (AT) = 30W PSE = Power Sourcing Equipment Type 2 (AT) = 25.5W PD = Powered DeviceVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 17 Page 17

PoE/P Enhanced Layer 2 Operation PoE/P can also Classic be completely operation turned off. requires Ethernet worst case communication budgeting, can be used to allocation turn other subsystems off In-efficient, also wasteful use of power supplies, backup (UPS) Dynamic power budgeting raises system, supply Continuous Power efficiencies. Re-Classification via L2 Smart allocation allows feature scalability withVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary power budget. 18 Copyright 2012 Page 18 Page

Ethernet Traffic Profiles • Snapshot of a File Server with 1 Gb Ethernet link – Shows time versus utilization (trace from LBNL) utilization <=1.0 % Start time 12:33 PM 2/8/2007 (30 min)Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 20 Page 2020

Motivation – A Link Perspective Typical switch with 24 ports • High port count triple 10/100/1000 Mb/s speed switches – Linear relationship of power consumption to number of active links – Aggregate savings attractive in putting inactive links in LPI Various computer NICs averaged • Low port count 10G systems – Idle power savings on a single link attractive Results from 1st order (rough) measurements – all incremental AC powerVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 21 Page 2121

Low Power Idle Overview Assert LPI Deassert LPI Active Low-Power Hold Active Refresh Refresh DATA/ Data/ Sleep Wake Alert IDLE IDLE IDLE Quiet Quiet Quiet Tw_PHY Ts Tq Tr Tw_sys Wait a minimum of Tw_Sys before sending data (Tw_sys >= Tw_PHY) • Low Power Idle (LPI) – PHY powers down during idle periods • During power-down, maintain coefficients and synchronization to allow rapid return to Active state • Wake times for the respective twisted-pair PHYs: – 100BASE-TX: Tw_PHY <= 30 usec – 1000BASE-T: Tw_PHY <= 16.5 usec – 10GBASE-T: Tw_PHY < ~8 usec (2 modes) • PHY power in LPI mode ~20-40% of normal (depends on type and implementation)Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 22 Page 22

Application – Wiring Closet EEE Enabled GigE or 10G Links (for <100Meter Links) Wiring Closet EEE Enabled Clients EEE Enabled Gig Switch Wireless LAN EEE Enabled GigE Links Opportunity for future >10G EEE-enabled aggregation Cu linksVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 23 Page 23

Application – Data Center and TOR Data Center Rack EEE Enabled GigE or 10G Links (for <100Meter Links) EEE Enabled 1 and 10GBASE-T Links EEE Gphy Enabled Opportunity for future >10G Server Controller EEE-enabled Cu linksVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 24 Page 24

What is AV bridging? • IEEE 802.1AS: Precise Timing in an 802 network – (< 1uS synchronization, <100 nS clock jitter, ~100 pS achievable) • IEEE 802.1Qat: End to end QoS bandwidth and latency reservations • IEEE 802.1Qav: Network bridge (Ethernet switch) enhancements – guaranteed latency <250 uS per hop, • IEEE 802.1BA: Audio Video Network Systems (plug-and-play profile) – Do all with very low cost adder (approaching zero) to meet CE market requirements. • Ethernet AV is the first wave Ubiquitous … but not the last “no-excuses” “WiFi-AV” VoIP & Video home connectivity IEEE 802.11aa Phone Guaranteed MoCA-AVB BW & QoS Ethernet EthernetAV IEEE 802.1BA AV/802 Convergence Precise BW Reservation Ethernet Switch Timing & Admission Ctrl Enhancements EnhancementsVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 26 Page 26

Application - AVB home network DVD DVR/PVR 1. Listening to satellite radio on EAV receiver, link between receiver and switch 2. Start playing DVD on a screen in another room 3. DVR/PVR set to record “Survivor” from satellite receiver at 8:00 pm on Thursday Migration towards multiple low-latency uncompressed native HD streams driving BWVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 27 Page 27

Ethernet: Convergence and Leverage Broadband Access Content Providers Broadband Internet Access Networks Backbone Networks Content Networks Internet Backbone Networks Research Enterprise Networks Networks Internet eXchange and Interconnection Points Data Centers and Research, Education and Government EnterpriseVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 34 Page 34

Convergence • Connectivity convergence – Ethernet is the ubiquitous connectivity technology – From the home to the core, convergence is occurring • Consumer, Enterprise, SP, Backhaul, Datacenter, HPC etc. – Drives higher volumes, lower cost – Eliminates unnecessary protocol conversions – Conventional connections within the home migrating to Ethernet. E.g. HDTVs already have Ethernet connectors • Network architecture convergence – Different “types” of networks have increasingly more similarities than differences. E.g. access and distribution – Higher layer feature requirement differences certainly exist but can be transparent to the connectivity layer • Ethernet has a well understood maturity curveVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 35 Page 35

Converging Network Architectures Core Layer L3 Aggregation Ethernet Layer L2 Aggregation Layer Access Layer Similar Architectures for SP, DC, Enterprise Etc.Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 36 Page 36

Leverage • Technology leverage – Family of technologies running natively on Ethernet • E.g. EEE, PoEP, AVB, HSE, MACSec, Link Aggregation – Keeps the L2 stack simple by running native – Technologies are “free” when you run Ethernet • Media leverage – Family of technologies supporting variety of media at each speed – No need to reinvent solutions for new application spaces like the home or core, simply build on Ethernet. Hybrid solutions possible • Speed and cost point leverage – Family of technologies supporting variety of speeds and cost points – No need to reinvent solutions for new application spaces like the home or access, simply build on Ethernet • System leverage – E.g. An EFM interface is a new interface to existing switch fabrics • Si and sub-system leverage – E.g. Low cost 100M/1G switches, optical sub assemblies etc.Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 37 Page 37

Ethernet Leverage: 10G/1G EPON Ex. CO XAUI XAUI PHY XAUI XCVR XAUI OLT 10GBASE-R PHY GW (X) (Y) 1:32 1000BASE-X XCVR 10GBASE-R ONU MAC SGMII (Y) 1000BASE-X (X) PHY SGMII OLT (X) CPE Switch 10G OLT (X) • High level re-use: • Updated ONU Si • High Level re-use: • Standard Phys • New OLT Si • Standard interfaces • Standard Phys • Standard interfaces • Standard switching SiVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 38 Page 38

Growing Application Space: Variety of Content, Providers, Users Any Content Over Any Media Anywhere, Anytime Home Voice Network Cable Service Provider Telephone Service Provider Enterprise Video Network Satellite Service Provider Data Mobile Network Wireless Service ProviderVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 39 Page 39

Emerging Apps and their Requirements • Focus on application requirements – Diverse applications distilled to succinct requirements – Ability to focus on requirements driven by convergence • Traditional application requirements – Bandwidth, QoS HSE • New reqs driven by constant connectivity, on demand, user generated content and virtualization • Broad new requirements – Latency guarantee AVB – Energy cost per bit EEE – Security .1AE DCB – CongestionVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 40 Page 40

Other Network Requirements • Requirements passed across network boundaries – E.g. Across SP/CP networks, access/home • Power feeding – Used in remote surveillance, RFID, WAP LAN, VoIP etc. • Features integrated into single box for customers • Network aware connectivity in home / AV systems – Different sources/users of data. Eliminate connections – Similar to data networks. Ethernet appearing on HDTVVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 41 Page 41

Other Network Requirements • Unified and strong management – 802.3 has monolithic management structure – SNMP MIBs heavily used by 802.1 and 802.3 • 802.3.1 is a new project that will consolidate all Ethernet MIBs – Reuse of LLDP for dynamic link management • Reduces mgmt protocols. 802.3bc consolidating Ethernet TLVs • Legacy support via hybrid networks – Would be great if all deployments were new – BUT, we have to support legacy infrastructure e.g. legacy telephony cable in MDUs – EFM and Ethernet allows for hybrid infrastructure where bringing the fiber closer to the home is seamless and without any protocol conversions or additional boxedVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 42 Page 42

Concluding Remarks • Ethernet is the ubiquitous wired connectivity – < 0.01m to 1,000s of KMs – 10Mb/s to 10Gb/s – Backplane to fiber (and everything in between) • Ethernet is constantly evolving – Expanding its rate-reach – Expanding its scope e.g. EFM, RTPGE – Projects go through a well defined process • Traditional and emerging application spaces demanding BW at lower cost structure – Consumer, enterprise, data center and access • Access portion of the network is critical – Growing the access portion via higher B/W and strong support for multi-services is key to enabling emerging application requirementsVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 44 Page 44

Concluding Remarks • Many factors have to be considered to pick a solution – (a) Geography (b) Installed base (e.g. Coax, Cu, fiber) (c) Density (MDU vs. single residence) (d) Availability of end-services and content (e) Government regulation and cooperation (f) Demand • Plenty of access solutions available – EFM, 10GEPON, APON, BPON, GPON and others continue to provide very rich solution sets to the access problem • BUT standardizing on Ethernet can enable emerging applications and their reqs at low-cost with legacy support – Strong leverage and convergence of Ethernet – Native powerful and simple layer 2 for access, aggregation, core… – Leverage of growing technologies over Ethernet like EEE, AVB, HSE, MACSec, PoEP, ExEPON, EPoC – Hybrid architectures to support legacy infrastructures • SIEPON is a unique entity based project that builds on the successful Ethernet family of standards addressing interoperability needs of providers by completing the ecosystem of EPON standards.Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 45 Page 45

Additional Resources • Ethernet Home Page: www.ieee802.org/3/ – All past & present Ethernet projects • EEE White Paper – http://www.broadcom.com/collateral/wp/EEE-WP101-R.pdf • EFM White Paper by Diab, Frazier, Pesavento http://www.ethernetalliance.org/technology/white_papers/ethernets olutions.pdf • Ethernet in the First Mile: Access for Everyone – Book on EFM by Diab, Frazier http://shop.ieee.org/ Product = STDSP1144 http://standards.ieee.org/standardspress/titles/ethfirstmile.html http://www.amazon.com/Ethernet-First-Mile-Access- Everyone/dp/0738148385/sr=11- 1/qid=1167213945/ref=sr_11_1/104-1448287-5375156 • Download published Ethernet standards – Free after 6 months: http://standards.ieee.org/getieee802/Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 46 Page 46

Additional EEE Resources EEN White Paper • English: http://www.broadcom.com/collateral/wp/EEE-WP102-R.pdf Wikibon Whitepaper • Networks Go GrEEn: http://wikibon.org/wiki/v/Networks_Go_GrEEN Broadcom EEN Public Area http://www.broadcom.com/products/features/energy_efficient_networ k.php IEEE P802.3az Web Area http://www.ieee802.org/3/azVersion 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 47 Page 47

Broadcom WINs EEE Awards! Broadcom wins 2010 Best Electronic Design Award for its broad and extensive new portfolio of EEE products. Broadcom engineer recognized for leadership • ED Award (under Communications – Wired Category): http://electronicdesign.com/article/news/Electronic-Design-Announces- 2010-Best-Electronic-Design-Award-Winners.aspx • ED Article that was the basis of the award: http://electronicdesign.com/article/communications/IEEE-And-Broadcom- Bring-Forth-Energy-Efficient-Ethernet.aspx • Broadcom press release on the award: http://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=s542639 • Broadcom Engineer wins TechAmerica’s David Packard innovation award in the Green Tech / Smart Grid category for driving Broadcom’s EEN portfolio http://www.broadcom.com/press/release.php?id=s614065Version 1.0 SIEPON Workshop – April 2012 IEEE P802.3 Maintenance report – July 2008 Plenary Copyright 2012 Page 48 Page 48

Ethernet: A look at the Ubiquitous Wired Networking Technology and Why it Makes Sense for a Service Provider

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