IEEE 125 years History

The IEEE at 125 Lew Terman IEEE 2009 Past President Some IEEE Region 10 Students Congress Singapore Reflections 17 July, 2009 Lew Terman IEEE Past President IEEE Region 8 Meeting Venice, Italy 26 April, 2009 11 17/07/09

1884 University of Wales, Bangor, founded Motto: Gorau Dawn Deall (“The Best Gift is Understanding”) 22 17/07/09

Since 1884, IEEE has been fostering technical innovation for the benefit of humanity. 33 17/07/09

1884: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) is founded A small group of individuals met in New York and founded the AIEE to advance the new field and represent the US at the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia. Norvin Green of Western Union became the first president. Invitation to the AIEE organizational meeting, Electrical World, 5 April 1884 Program of the 1884 International Electrical Norvin Green, President Exhibition, Franklin of Western Union Institute, Philadelphia Telegraph and first president of the AIEE 44 17/07/09

A New Industry: Electric Power and Light Electric power and light systems arose primarily from Thomas Edison’s work. Edison opened his first electric power plant in New York in 1882. Within a decade, electric power had spread to every corner of the globe, with many new applications. The AIEE became 1906 1882 Using an electric iron dominated by power engineers. Edison’s first commercial by an electric light plant, Pearl St., NY Thomas Edison and his incandes- cent light patent Frank Sprague worked for Edison before leaving to develop the first commercially practical electric streetcar. 55 17/07/09

AC 1890s, AC power,Powerby George Westinghouse working In the vs. DC championed from inventions by Nikola Tesla, became standard because it could be efficiently transmitted over long distances from massive power plants, such as that built at Niagara Falls, which began sending power to Buffalo in 1896. Nikola Tesla, inventor of the 1905 1895 induction motor and Power Generation at Niagara Falls Niagara Falls Power Plant a comprehensive system for polyphase AC power. 66 17/07/09

Communications: The first important electrical technology Samuel Morse’s first US telegraph line connected Washington and Baltimore in 1844. By 1866, a telegraph cable connected the United States and Europe. Alexander Graham Bell followed in 1876 with a telegraph that talked —the telephone. Telegraph line 1882 congestion Telephone set Franklin Pope, telegraph operator A. G. Bell 77 17/07/09

The Birth of Radio Radio, a new electrical technology, arose in the first decade of the twentieth century. Wireless telegraphy using spark transmitters was the original application, but particularly after the invention of the vacuum tube amplifier, it began to be used to transmit speech and music. 1901 Guglielmo Marconi and George Kemp with equipment used in transatlantic wireless telegraphy 1912 Radio telegraph operators’ communications with the Alexandr Popov sinking Titanic demonstrated Russian Radio the power of radio Pioneer 88 17/07/09

Formationcame a the IRE, 1912 of Radio With the new industry of new society in 1912, the Institute Engineers or IRE, modeled on the AIEE, but devoted to radio, and later increasingly to electronics. IRE annual banquet, NY, 1915. Among those attending were Tesla, Sarnoff, IRE logo de Forest, and Alexanderson Alfred Goldsmith IRE Co-founder and first journal editor 99 17/07/09

Milestones: Fleming de Forest Armstrong Superheter o- dyne Circuit FM Radio 10 The Fleming 17/07/09 The Audion (Triode) 10 Valve

MediaRadio broadcasting swept the world. Between 1921 and 1930 In the 1920s, Becomes Electronic the number of US households with radios grew from close to zero to almost 14 million. And a still newer technology, television, was moving from experiment to reality. IRE members led the way in these developments. Vacuum tubes, the first electronic amplifiers, made radio broadcasting and transcontinental telephony possible. 1930s Listening to radio 1939 RCA President David Sarnoff opening commercial TV service, NY 1921 WJZ Studio, Newark NJ 11 17/07/09 11

AIEE and IRE serve their members and their professions Both societies ran technical conferences, published journals, promulgated standards, developed codes of ethics, and encouraged the training of student engineers. Proceedings of Proceedings of NBC engineers at an IRE banquet the AIEE, the IRE September September 1926 1916 12 17/07/09 12

World War II 13 17/07/09 13

Solid State Electronics The transistor and its progeny, the integrated circuit, opened enormous possibilities for new technologies ranging from the iconic portable radio to increasingly powerful computers. Solid state electronics became a hot field in the post war years. 1958 Jack Kilby’s first integrated circuit 1961 First commercial monolithic integrated circuit, Fairchild 1947 William Shockley, John Bardeen, and Walter Brattain invented the transistor, the first solid state amplifier 14 17/07/09 and switch at Bell Labs 1958 14 Transistor radio

Computers and Computing By the late 1950s electronic computers had evolved from science fiction to tools for scientific research and large business applications. Alongside rose a new profession, that of the computer engineer. 1952 John Von Neumann with his experimental IAS computer 1943- 1946 ENIAC, widely regarded as the first general purpose electronic digital 1959 IBM 7090, one of the first fully computer. transistorized computers 15 17/07/09 15

Microelectronics other things) microprocessors, or As integrated circuits evolved into (among computers on a chip, the costs dropped dramatically to the point where a student in the early 1970s could own an electronic calculator, and the student of the early 1980s an entire computer. Gordon Moore predicted in 1965 that the number of transistors that could be placed on a single chip would double every two years. Moore’s law has held true for over forty years. The Apple II Intel’s first microprocessor, computer, introduced the 4004 introduced in 1971, in 1978, brought contained 2300 transistors on computing power a single chip to desktops. Andrew Grove, Gordon Moore, and Robert Noyce, founders of the Intel Corporation 1972 Hewlett- Packard HP35 calculator 16 17/07/09 16

AIEE + IRE = IEEE The idea that there should be one organization for all electrical engineers was an old one, and became more powerful as the profession expanded beyond its separate roots in power and radio. In 1962, the boards and memberships of the two institutes agreed to merge. On January 1, 1963, the IEEE was born with 150,000 members, 140,000 of whom were in the United States. 1962 Symposium on the proposed The badge of the new IEEE merger, IRE National Convention combined the right hand rule from the IRE with the kite from the AIEE Special merger issue of the Proceedings of the IRE 17 17/07/09 17

IEEE – founded January 1, 1963 At creation had 7 Regions – 6 in the US – 1 in Canada By the end of the ’60’s, IEEE had 10 Regions – 6 in the US – Canada – Europe and Africa – Latin America – Asia / Pacific 18 17/07/09 18

Dec. 2008 Total Members: 382,000 Students: 85,000 19 17/07/09 19

Global Membership 1995 to 2008 2008 Students: 70% in R710 70.8 % 54.8 % 45.2 % Recent Slope ~1.2%/yr => 29.2 50:50 in 5 years % 20 17/07/09 20

MembershipTrends- Students 1995to 2008 80.0% 70.0% 70.0% 66.3% 67.4% 62.9% 60.3% 60.4% 58.7% 60.0% 55.7% 57.3% 56.4% 51.7% 51.7% 48.7% 49.9% 50.0% 51.3% 50.1% 48.3% 48.3% 40.0% 44.3% 42.7% 43.6% 39.7% 39.6% 41.3% 30.0% 37.1% 33.7% 32.6% 30.0% 20.0% m % M S p b d h n u o T e a s r t f i l 10.0% US non-US *GSM Included in Student totals 21 17/07/09 21

The Globalizationvillage by becoming more global IEEE responded to the emerging global of IEEE itself. By 2008, 43% of its 380,000 members resided in 160 countries besides the United States. 2003 Students at Nigeria’s Federal University of Technology Werra (FUTO) greet IEEE Spectrum 1994 Senior Editor Staff at the IEEE Beijing Section Harry Goldstein office 2003 IEEE Standards regional web portal 22 17/07/09 22

Now, let’s fast forward from 1963, through…. 23 17/07/09 23

… innumerable new technologies…. Integrated Circuits MEMs Photovoltaics Hard Disk Magnetic Storage Smart Power/Smart Grid Medical Electronics LEDs Remote Learning LCD displays MOS and CMOS Devices and Circuits Plasma displays Radar The Mouse DRAM Landing on the Moon/Space Program PC Magnetic Bubbles MAC Programming Languages Work Station Solutions/Applications/Services Software Walkman Digital Signal Processing GaAs/III-V Technology iPod Robots Cell Phones Moore’s Law WiFi CAD Tools Optical Fiber Operating Systems Digital Audio Lasers Word Processing Digital Photography Spread sheets Digital TV The Web and the Internet Wiki Satellites Blog Flash Memory Sensors Face Book Transducers CCD Imagers Organic Electronics CMOS Imagers Super Computers Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors Memory Hierarchy RISC Architecture …et al… 24 17/07/09 24

IEEE Today n More than 380,000 members, including over 80,000 student members in more than 160 countries n 324 sections in 10 geographic regions worldwide n 1,784 chapters that unite local members with similar technical interests n 1,616 student branches and 452 student branch chapters at colleges and universities in 80 countries n 38 societies and 7 technical councils representing the wide range of technical interests n 390 affinity groups consisting of Consultants' Network, Graduates of the Last Decade (GOLD), Women in Engineering (WIE) and Life Members (LM) groups n Nearly 1,300 standards and projects under development n Over 2 million documents in the IEEE Xplore® digital library n Publishes a total of 144 transactions, journals and magazines n Sponsors more than 900 conferences annually 25 17/07/09 25

So where are we now? Click to edit Master subtitle style 17/07/09

Gordon Moore 2008 IEEE Medal of Honor Recipient Moore’s Law 27 17/07/09 27

2007 Nobel Prize in Physics for “the discovery of Giant Magnetorestance” Peter Grunberg and Albert Fert 1 TB Storage for < USD 100 28 17/07/09 28

Supercomupter Sites T o p 5 0 1 0 PETAFLOP S To u p m S C # 50 SC 0th Intel Teraflops Chip Jack Dongarra 29 17/07/09 29

ARPANET 1973 Vinton “Vint” Cerf Internet “ Father” of the 1985 Internet Global Internet 2009 30 17/07/09 30

“On the Internet, nobody knows you’re a dog…” 31 17/07/09 31

Prof. Paul Lauterbur & Sir Peter Mansfie The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicin MRI System 2003 Magnetic Resonance Imaging 32 17/07/09 32

Click to edit Master subtitle style 17/07/09

125 Years…. ….It has been a long, fantastic, and exhilarating journey…. ….And the best is yet to come! 34 17/07/09 34

Advancing Technology for the Next 125 Years 35 17/07/09 35

1884: The American Institute of Electrical Engineers (AIEE) is founded A small group of individuals met in New York and founded the AIEE to advance the new field and represent the US at the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition in Philadelphia. Norvin Green of Western Union became the first president. Program of the 1884 International Electrical Exhibition, Franklin Norvin Green, President Institute, Philadelphia of Western Union Telegraph and first president of the AIEE 36 17/07/09 17/07/09

ARPANET 1973 Internet 1985 Vinton “Vint” Cerf “ Father” of the Internet Global Internet 2009 37 17/07/09 37

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IEEE 125 years History

by IEEE Region 10 on Jul 16, 2009

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