Debates in International Development

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    Debates in International Development - Presentation Transcript

    1. Debates in International Development Lawrence Haddad Development Studies Association & Institute of Development Studies
    2. Debates
      • Living with greater uncertainty or temporary crisis or long wave cycles?
      • Aid is dead, long live aid?
      • Growth is necessary or merely sometimes helpful?
      • The end of geography and income in defining international development?
      • Is citizen-led monitoring desirable and can it work?
      • Implications for development research
    3. Living with greater uncertainty, temporary crisis or long wave cycles?
      • Emergence of China and India – growing fast and very big  unprecedented – governance, economic, military uncertainties
      • Interconnectedness—strong, fluid and fast
        • Financial contagion, pandemics, Iran
      • Climate  introducing threshold effects, irreversibilities, framing of development
      • Will resilience become the predominant paradigm? Diversity, aggregation of niches, versus specialisation?
      • Or merely capitalism as usual—creative destruction will make it all right and technology will comfortably solve environmental crisis?
      • Or Kondratieff long wave (25 year) cycles?
        • spring (exponential growth)
        • summer (levelling off)
        • autumn (plateau and consumption orientation, debt build up)
        • winter (depression, debt no longer sustainable)
    4. Aid is dead. Long Live aid?
      • Development is mostly defined by non-”Development” actors
        • Ministries of Finance and Foreign Affairs
        • Militaries, Diplomats, Terror networks
        • Religions, Faith movements
        • Businesses
      • China – many lessons for development
      • Tax income > aid > resource income – legitimacy of governments
      • But, Aid has done some good things: schooling, immunisations, pro-poor technology, MDGs. Although very difficult to document impacts.
      • Aid is stickier that other sources of income in a crisis
      • Need to begin talking about exits from Aid
    5. Growth – necessary for development or merely sometimes helpful?
      • Poverty-Growth elasticity declining globally?
      • Growth failing to “lift the curse” of undernutrition in India
      • Growth-Environmental tradeoffs more sharp than ever before
      • But
      • Wide variation in poverty-growth elasticities by nation
      • Growth is closely correlated to happiness, below a certain threshold
      • Growth is more political than ever
        • More dependent on collective action
        • Growth diagnostics
    6. The end of geography and income in defining international development?
      • International Development  Global Development
        • Global nature of problems and solutions
        • Find your own way
        • Kicking way the ladder
        • South does not have a monopoly on problems and the North does not have a monopoly on solutions?
          • CCT
          • Participatory budgeting
          • Social audits
      • Or Bottom Billion?
        • Development is about those trapped in poverty
    7. Can citizens play a bigger role in accountability?
      • Monitoring of outcomes
        • Hunger outcomes
      • Monitoring of markets
        • Asymmetries, externalities, missing
      • Monitoring of governments
        • Rights
      • Monitoring of aid
        • Farmer feedback
      • Monitoring of opinion
        • Afrobarometer
      • But
      • How to get a balanced scorecard of voices?
      • Methodologies
      • Manipulation and instability?
    8. Implications for Development Research
      • Engage the unusual and usual suspects
        • Go beyond aid
        • Go beyond “development”
      • Develop co-constructed multi-sited perspectives
        • Location of perspective matters
        • Geography of thought
        • Peer relationships
      • Balance engagement and detachment
        • Be aware of researcher bias
        • Make it explicit
      • There are many good researchable issues out there!
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