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Global challenges with BBV transmission in health Prof Shaheen Mehtar,  Academic Unit for IPC,   Centre for Infectious Diseases Tygerberg Academic Hospital & Stellenbosch Uni,
BBV & unsafe injections ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Injection safety knowledge: West Africa Ernet SK. West Afr J Med, 2002.  21; 70-3
Recycling injection equipment- Pakistan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mujeeb SA et al. ICHEpi. 2003. 24; 145
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Recycling injection equipment- Pakistan (2)
Knowledge among HCP- China ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Andersen, AF, Qingsi Z, Guanglin Wu et al. 2003 ICH Epi
Survey of HCW on NSI- UK ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Unsafe injections-Pakistan (1) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Khan AJ et al. Bull WHO,2000.78(*)
Unsafe injections-Pakistan (2) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Recycling injection equipment- Pakistan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Improper use of sharps ,[object Object]
HCV associated with Multi-dose vials- USA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Needle-less system Save usage of a multi dose vial with a needle-less system and an non return valve
Clinic settings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Cape Times, Nov 2005
Sharps disposal in clinics- SCK 1999
Waste disposal in Developing Countries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Category of staff as a %age TBH
NSI- 1999 to 2005 by speciality
Inexpensive intervention ,[object Object],[object Object]
Source Blood-  HIV increase from 16% to 23%
Cost of needle stick injuries NNU
Risks in Dentistry-  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Other practices ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Endoscopy and BBV
Gastroscopes- Japan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Scarification & Tattooing- SA ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CS tattooing  Transmission rate of HBV = 32% juveniles
Problems highlighted in developing countries ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Education and Training in IPC ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Conclusion ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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