HTML5 & CSS3

HTML Pre-History
General Markup Language (GML) was developed at IBM in the 1960's by
Charles F. Goldfarb
:h1.Chapter 1: Introduction
:p.GML supported hierarchical containers, such as
:ol
:li.Ordered lists (like this one),
:li.Unordered lists, and
:li.Definition lists
:eol. as well as simple structures.
:p.Markup minimization (later generalized and formalized in SGML), allowed the end-tags to be omitted for the "h1" and "p" elements.
http://www.sgmlsource.com/history/roots.htm

HTML Pre-History
Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) was derived from GML in the 1980's.
SGML was the pre-cursor to both HTML and XML.
SGML defined the user of angle brackets for tags. <example>

HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
(HTML) was first defined by
Tim Berners-Lee in 1991
Original HTML had 20 tags and displayed simple text with basic markup for formatting.

HTML 2, 3, and 4
HTML 2 added many of the attributes we know today such as images, forms, input.
HTML 3 added new tags that had been part of minor revisions.
HTML 4 extended the number of tags. Currently most HTML is 4.01

CSS History
CSS 1 was proposed in 1995 as a way to style documents. It contained descriptions for font, background and other style tags.
CSS 2 is the version we currently use added positioning and other elements.

Web Usability Then
Mid-Late 1990's web forms started to show up with web applications.
Late 1990's JavaScript added further interaction.
2000's AJAX and Flash started to provide richer internet applications.

Web Usability Now
Increased emphasis on making the web as rich an interface as native applications.
The mobile web
is the next frontier.
Current Technologies are dated and are hindering growth.

HTML 5 and CSS3 to the Rescue
HTML5 and CSS3 are the next generation of markup that will drive the web.
What is the difference between HTML4 and HTML 5?

Structure Tags
<header> - Header
<nav> - Navigation, Menu (Primary Navigation)
<section> - Seperation Element
<article> - Article Content
<aside> - Sidebars, Widgets, Misc non primary content
<footer> - Footer
<header> and <footer> tags may be used multiple times. Example in Sections, and in the main page.

Structure
<header>
<section>
<aside>
<nav>
<header>
<article>
<footer>
<footer>

New Inputs
* tel (Telephone)
* search
* url
* email
* datetime
* date
* month
* week
* time
* datetime-local
* number
* range (slider)
* color

Inputs Mobile Display
Tel
Number
Email

Canvas
<canvas>
Create a virtual canvas for drawing graphics in the browser.
Javascript can be used to control graphic rendering via the canvas.
x,y coordinate system

Canvas Example

APIs
Drag and Drop - Provides an API for Drap and Drop for JavaScript
Geolocation - Determine Location of The User via the Browser
Offline Storage - Browsers will support local storage. The API will be SQL like.

APIs
History API - Access Browser history via JavaScript.
<contenteditable> - Enables a Content Editing API
Web Workers - Background Tasks for JavaScript

Multimedia
Native Multimedia Support
No Plugins Necessary
<Video> - Native Video
<Audio> - Native Audio

YouTube HTML5 Beta
Available for Chrome and Safari

Other Controls
<Progress> Displays progress of a task or action completed.
<meter> Displays measure of something.
<Output> For output of calculation or output of a script.

New Styles
border-radius - Rounded Corners
border-colors - Gradient Borders
box-shadow - Drop Shadows
text-shadow - Text Drop Shadows
gradient - Gradient backgrounds
resize - Resize an Element
background-size - resize background
background - supports multipe images

Examples

Selectors
A Variety of Selectors provide an interface to apply styles more precisely.
An example would be selecting an nth child.
Example: div:nth-child(3) {}

Columns
Multi Column Layout is now provided by CSS3

Animation and Motion
Animations - CSS3 allows for animations of styles
Transitions - Allows styles to change gradually color shifts
Transformations - 2D and 3D transformations, stretch, move, etc

Examples

Misc
Media Queries - Provides for ways to specify styles based on viewport size.

When?
HTML5 - Canidate Stage in 2012
CSS3 - Still in Working Draft

What about that Gorilla?
IE 6 and other legacy browsers are preventing progress.
IE9 has some HTML5 support.

Benefits of HTML5 & CSS3
Rich Interface elements not requiring third party plugins.
Seperation of content and design
Enhanced Mobile Support
New Programming Interfaces

The Critics Say
HTML5 will not get rid of Flash
HTML5 doesn't use XML Syntax
Too many tags / Tag Soup

The Future
Current mobile browser technology will be the next battle ground.
HTML5 and CSS3 will even the odds with supporting more and more platforms.
The web will no longer be a second class user interface.

References
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTML
http://www.w3.org/History/19921103-hypertext/hypertext/WWW/MarkUp/Tags.html
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1866
http://www.w3.org/People/Raggett/book4/ch02.html
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/07/16/html5-and-the-future-of-the-web/
http://www.w3schools.com/html5
http://bluefaqs.com/2010/03/understanding-the-basics-of-css3/
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/07/13/css-3-cheat-sheet-pdf/
http://www.css3.info/webkit-announces-support-for-css-3d-transforms/
http://www.css3.info/
http://images.appleinsider.com/html5.091909.001.png
http://www.zurb.com/article/221/css3-animation-will-rock-your-world
http://www.fofronline.com/2009-04/3d-cube-using-css-transformations/
http://www.1stwebdesigner.com/development/50-awesome-css3-animations/

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HTML5 & CSS3

by ianlintner on Apr 16, 2010

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HTML5 & CSS3 — Presentation Transcript