Research in Paradise Ian Foster Computation Institute Argonne National Lab & University of Chicago

Earth to be paradise; distance to lose enchantment “ If, as it is said to be not unlikely in the near future, the principle of sight is applied to the telephone as well as that of sound, earth will be in truth a paradise, and distance will lose its enchantment by being abolished altogether.” — Arthur Mee, 1898

“ If, as it is said to be not unlikely in the near future, the principle of sight is applied to the telephone as well as that of sound, earth will be in truth a paradise, and distance will lose its enchantment by being abolished altogether.”

— Arthur Mee, 1898

Knowledge arises from experience

Isaac Newton, 1687 “ I can calculate the motion of heavenly bodies, but not the madness of people.”

Computing as a profession

Peak performance (floating point ops/sec) Argonne 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Year Introduced 1E+2 1E+5 1E+8 1E+11 1E+14 1E+17 Peak Speed (flops) Doubling time = 1.5 yr. ENIAC (vacuum tubes) UNIVAC IBM 701 IBM 704 IBM 7090 (transistors) IBM Stretch CDC 6600 (ICs) CDC 7600 CDC STAR-100 (vectors) CRAY-1 Cyber 205 X-MP2 (parallel vectors) CRAY-2 X-MP4 Y-MP8 i860 (MPPs) ASCI White, ASCI Q Petaflop Blue Gene/L Blue Pacific Delta CM-5 Paragon NWT ASCI Red Option ASCI Red CP-PACS Earth VP2600/10 SX-3/44 Red Storm ILLIAC IV SX-2 SX-4 SX-5 S-810/20 T3D T3E multi-Petaflop Thunder

Exponentials are funny things Obliviousness Something’s happening Shock

Type Ia Supernova : SN 1994D

Don Lamb et al., FLASH Center, University of Chicago

Don Lamb et al., FLASH Center, University of Chicago

Don Lamb et al., FLASH Center, University of Chicago

Don Lamb et al., FLASH Center, University of Chicago

Don Lamb et al., FLASH Center, University of Chicago

System-level science National Center for Atmospheric Research

The data deluge

Growth of Genbank (1982-2005) Broad Institute

More data does not always mean more knowledge Folker Meyer, Genome Sequencing vs. Moore’s Law: Cyber Challenges for the Next Decade, CTWatch , August 2006.

Proteomics Genomics Transcriptomics Protein sequence prediction Phenotypic studies Phylogeny Sequence analysis Protein structure prediction Protein-protein interaction Metabolomics Model organism collections Systems biology Health epidemiology Organisms Disease …. 1070 molecular bio databases Nucleic Acids Research Jan 2008 (96 in Jan 2001) Slide: Carole Goble

Proteomics

Genomics

Transcriptomics

Protein sequence prediction

Phenotypic studies

Phylogeny

Sequence analysis

Protein structure prediction

Protein-protein interaction

Metabolomics

Model organism collections

Systems biology

Health epidemiology

Organisms

Disease ….

The dirty underbelly of exponentials My relative capability if I do nothing Capability at constant investment Log

The Red Queen’s race "Well, in our country," said Alice … "you'd generally get to somewhere else — if you run very fast for a long time, as we've been doing.” "A slow sort of country!" said the Queen. "Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!"

"Well, in our country," said Alice … "you'd generally get to somewhere else — if you run very fast for a long time, as we've been doing.”

"A slow sort of country!" said the Queen. "Now, here, you see, it takes all the running you can do, to keep in the same place. If you want to get somewhere else, you must run at least twice as fast as that!"

Kiwi Advanced Research and Education Network

An American philosopher speaks on the value of KAREN “ 80 percent of success is showing up” Woody Allen

“ 80 percent of success is showing up”

Services for science We expose data and software as services … which others discover , decide to use, … and compose to create new functions ... which they publish as new services. Technical … Modeling Authoring Semantics Discovery socio-technical challenges Incentives Policy, trust Reproducibility Life cycle “ Service-Oriented Science”, Science , 2005 and

We expose data and software as services …

which others discover , decide to use, …

and compose to create new functions ...

which they publish as new services.

Technical …

Modeling

Authoring

Semantics

Discovery

socio-technical challenges

Incentives

Policy, trust

Reproducibility

Life cycle

The cancer Biomedical Informatics Grid Globus

As of Sept 18, 2008: 122 participants 81 services 62 data 19 analytical

As of Oct 19 , 2008: 122 participants 105 services 70 data 35 analytical

Image: Andrey Rzhetsky

New Ways of Knowing 300 BCE 1700 1950 1990 Multiplied by the power of collaboration … & exponentials Empiricism Data Theory Simulation

Thank You! Computation Institute www.ci.uchicago.edu