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Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14)
30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India
123
HIGH STEP UP BOOST CONVERTER BASED MICRO
INVERTER WITH MPPT AND CURRENT CONTROL
ANSIA ASSIS1
, SARITHA SATHYAN2
1,2
Dept of EEE, SNGCE, Kolenchery, Ernakulam, India
ABSTRACT
Increase in the demand for the electrical energy and need for a cleaner environment increases the application of
solar energy because of its availability and less environmental issues. Increase in power demand over loads the power
stations which cause the power quality and power availability problems. Grid connected photovoltaic system is the best
solution for this problem. Maximum power extraction from the solar panel is done by controlling the interfacing circuits
which are mainly dc- dc converters. The conventional converters have low conversion ratios. In this paper a high step up
boost converter is used as the interface between solar panel and the grid connected inverter. To obtain the maximum
power extracting efficiency incremental conductance maximum power point tracking algorithm is introduced for the
controlling of converter. Similarly a current control method is used for the grid synchronization of inverter.
Keywords: Current control, Incremental conductance , high step up boost converter, MPPT, single phase inverter
1. INTRODUCTION
The environmental problems created by the energy sources are the most important global issue. Fossil fuels are
the main energy source and large scale consumption of fossil fuels increases the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
which raises serious environmental concerns like global warming. Also continuous use of these kinds of non renewable
energy sources may leads to the complete lose of it within 200 years. Suitable solution for this problem is the use of
renewable energy sources. These energy sources are continuously replenished naturally. Most important renewable
energy source is solar energy. Varieties of technologies are used to harness the solar energy. Most common method of
harvesting the solar energy is the photovoltaic panels which receives the solar radiation from the sun and convert it in to
direct current electrical energy [1].
The increasing energy demand overloads the distribution grids and the power stations causes negative impact on
power availability and quality [7]. To overcome this Distributed Generation (DG) systems are formed. Distributed
Generation systems using renewable energy sources have the advantage that it reduces loss due to transmission because
power is produced in close proximity to where it is to be consumed. Solar energy technologies are less expensive and
more efficient. But PV module output voltage has a low dc amplitude value. The PV modules output voltage should be
boosted and converted into an ac voltage for the purpose of grid connection. This task can be performed using micro
inverters. The maximum power point (MPP) voltage of a PV module ranges from 15V to 40V, which will
be the input voltage of the ac module. If the input voltage is lower, it is difficult for the ac module to reach high
efficiency. However, employing a dc–dc converter with high step up conversion ratio in the front of the inverter
improves power-conversion efficiency and provides a stable dc link to the inverter [2]. In this paper a high step up boost
converter is used to transfer the maximum power from PV panel. It has high step up conversion ratio compared to the
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING &
TECHNOLOGY (IJEET)
ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online)
Volume 5, Issue 12, December (2014), pp. 123-130
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/IJEET.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2014): 6.8310 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com
IJEET
© I A E M E
Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14)
30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India
124
conventional boost converter. The efficiency and reliability of single-phase PV inverter systems can be improved using
transformer less topologies and maximum power point tracking methods.
In this paper, a PV array is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink .This PV model is coupled to a
high step up DC-DC boost converter. By changing the duty cycle of the DC-DC booster the system implements the most
popular MPPT method to extract maximum power. Different MPPT methods have been studied and verified like perturb
& observe method, Incremental conductance method, Fractional short circuit current method, Fuzzy logic control method
etc [3]. Incremental Conductance algorithm is most efficient MPPT tracking method because it responds rapidly with the
changes in atmospheric conditions [4]. The model is then tested under various conditions, irradiance and temperature
comparing it to the values provided by the manufacture’s datasheet. The system is then connected to a Single Phase
Inverter implemented in Simulink. Finally the grid synchronization of this system is done through current control.
2. HIGH STEP UP BOOST MICRO INVERTER
Fig. 2. Proposed high step up micro inverter
The proposed high step up DC -DC converter based micro inverter topology for grid connected photovoltaic
system is depicted in Fig.2. Two power processing stages are decoupled here. In the front end DC-DC converter, a
conventional boost converter is modified in such a way to obtain high step up transformation ratio. A single phase full
bridge inverter using PWM control serves as the DC-AC conversion stage. The control mechanisms for both power
conversion stages are important
2.1 High Step Up DC- DC Converter
Solar panel with conventional boost interface circuit is simulated to verify the step up ratio and it is found to be
small about 2 to 3 %. If this converter is used for inverter grid connection it is difficult for ac module to reach the higher
efficiency. In order to achieve higher efficiency high conversion ratio boost converter is used instead of conventional
converter. High step up boost converter is shown in Fig.3.
Fig.3. High step up boost converter
Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14)
30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India
125
The main part of this converter is a coupled inductor which is denoted by T1. N1 is the primary and N2 is the
secondary of coupled inductor. N2/N1 gives the turns ratio (n). Advantage of this converter is that with small turns ratio
high step up conversion is possible. Primary of coupled inductor N1, C1, D1 along with switch S1 perform the function
of conventional boost converter. Also C2, D2, N2 form another pair which is connected in series with N1which boost up
the voltage to a double value. Rectifier Diode D3 connected to the output capacitor C3 and load. Some assumptions are
made to analyses the converter. All components are ideal expect leakage inductance (Lm) of coupled inductor. All
capacitors are large enough to keep voltage across them constant. Parasitic resistance of T1 and equivalent series
resistance (ESR) of capacitors are neglected. Lk1, Lk2 are the leakage inductance of N1and N2 respectively. This
converter will works in two modes of operations, continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. For
the micro inverter operation only continuous conduction mode is considered.
Mode 1
Initially the magnetizing inductor Lm charges the capacitor C2 through diode D2. When the switch S1 is ON the
input voltage Vin is series connected with N2, C1, and C2 to charge output capacitor C3 and load R. magnetizing
inductor Lm is also receiving energy from Vin. The current through the Lm, Lk1, and D3 are increasing because the Vin
is crossing Lk1, Lm, and primary winding N1. Lm and Lk1 are storing energy from Vin. Vin is also serially connected
with secondary winding N2 of coupled inductor T1, capacitors C1, and C2, and then discharges their energy to capacitor
C3 and load R. So the output voltage is the sum of the voltage across these series connected elements.
Vout=Vin + nVin + (D/1-D) Vin+ (nd/1-D) Vin (1)
Mode 2
During this mode S1 is turned OFF, secondary leakage inductor Lk2 keeps charging C3 when switch S1 is OFF.
The leakage inductor Lk1 charges the capacitor C1 instantly when S1 is OFF. Also Lk2 is series connected with C2 to
charge output capacitor C3 and the load and iLm is increasing because magnetizing inductor Lm is receiving energy from
Lk1. The energy stored in magnetizing inductor Lm is released to C1 and C2 simultaneously. Currents iLk1 and iD1 are
continually decreased because the leakage energy still flowing through diodeD1 keeps charging capacitor C1. The Lm is
delivering its energy through T1 and D2 to charge capacitor C2. The energy stored in capacitor C3 is constantly
discharged to the load R.
Fig .4. simulink model of proposed converter
2.2 High Step Up Boost Converter Control
PV voltage is instantaneously regulated by the MPPT block. The MPPT block performs the incremental
conductance algorithm which is the most efficient tracking method. MPPT function block in the boost converter system
periodically track the PV voltage and modifies the duty cycle of the converter. (1) Indicate that the output voltage Vout
of converter is changing dynamically in accordance with duty cycle D. The charging and discharging of capacitor causes
the uneven voltage distribution and that may saturate the magnetizing inductance of the coupled inductor. This can be
prevented by designing MPPT block which has the simple control and low cost.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14)
30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India
126
Fig.5. I-V, P-V curves of PV module
For simplicity, consider that the PV module is working under standard irradiance (1000W/m2) and room
temperature (25 ̊c) and the characteristics of PV module under this condition is plotted and it is shown in fig.5 .In
incremental conductance method terminal voltage of module is always adjusted according to the MPP voltage and it is
based on the incremental and instantaneous conductance of the PV module [5]. The slope of P-V curve gives the change
in power with respect to the voltage. At the maximum power point (MPP) the slope dP/dV is zero. If the slope is greater
or lesser than zero then the operating point is at the left or right side of the MPP respectively.
dP/dV=I + V* dI/dV (2)
From (2) the tracking point can be determined.
dI/dV = -I/V at MPP, (3)
dI/dV > -I/V at left side of MPP (4)
dI/dV < -I/V at right side of MPP (5)
The MPPT regulate the PWM control pulses to the boost converter until the condition for MPP is satisfied. The
Flow chart of incremental conductance algorithm is shown in Fig.6. The controller tracks the changes in the PV output
and adjusts the duty ratio of the converter to operate it at the MPP.
2.3 Grid Synchronization
As over mentioned distributed generation systems are the solution for the increased demand of energy. PV
technology has so many advantages like long lifetime, low maintenance requirements and environmentally friendly
power generation. Transformer less PV inverter systems are important when it works as a part of distributed generation
system. Grid synchronization of PV system is done by a single phase full bridge inverter with current control method.
The PV module and inverter must be capable of adapting to the grid frequency and phase. When the inverter is connected
to the utility, the grid controls the frequency and amplitude of the inverter output voltage and the inverter itself operates
in the current control mode. The inverter current is compared to a reference current and the error is fed back through a
proportional controller [7]. Its output is scaled and added to a feed forward loop with the final output of the duty given by
(6).
D=.5+ Vinv/2Vdc + [Ki(Iref-Iinv)*f*L] / (2Vc) (6)
where, V inv is the inverter voltage, V dc is the input DC voltage, I ref is the reference current, I inv is the
inverter output current, Ki is the proportional gain, L is filter inductance set to 500 mH, and f is the a switching
frequency equal to 10 kHz.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14)
30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India
127
Fig.6. flow chart of MPPT
3. SIMULATION RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
The modeling of the high step up boost converter and grid connected inverter is done in Matlab/Simulink and the
simulink model is shown in Fig.7. The PV module is the input of simulink model and the simulation result of the PV
module is shown in Fig.8. & Fig.9. The proposed converter with an inverter is the interface circuit of PV-grid system.
Simulink model of proposed converter is shown in Fig.4.
Fig.7 simulink model of grid connected PV system
Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14)
30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India
128
(a) (b)
Fig.8 (a) I-V chara (b) P-V chara of PV module
Fig .8 (a) shows the I-V chara and (b) shows the P-V chara of the PV module. From (b) the MPP is corresponds to a
voltage of 19 V
(a) (b)
Fig.9 (a) output voltage (b) output power of PV panel
The output voltage and output power of PV panel is shown in Fig.9. From the simulation the output voltage of PV panel
is obtained as 24V.
(a)
Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14)
30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India
129
(b)
Fig. 10. Output Voltage of (a) conventional (b) modified boost converter
Fig .11. Output of grid connected inverter
The output voltage of both conventional (a) and modified boost converter is shown in Fig.10. From the result
the output voltage of conventional converter is 44V and that of modified converter is 240 V. Both of them have the input
of 24V. So it is clear that the step up conversion ratio of modified converter is 10 times higher than the conventional
boost converter. Grid connected inverter output is shown in Fig.11. The amplitude of the grid voltage is 100 volt. So the
grid connected inverter output voltage has amplitude of 100 V.
4. CONCLUSION
A novel high step up boost converter based micro inverter for grid connected photovoltaic system has been
presented in this paper. An incremental conductance MPPT algorithm for converter and current controller for grid
synchronization of inverter was developed. The proposed converter achieves high step up conversion without using
numerous turns ratio. Simulation results are shown to verify the circuit operation principles, current control and MPPT
method. The proposed PV micro inverter system with its control implementations will be a competitive method for grid
connected photovoltaic applications.
REFERENCES
[1] Venkata Kolluru, Kamalakanta Mahapatra and Bidyadhar," Development and implementation of control
algorithms for a photovoltaic system," in Proc. 2013 Power Electronics Conference.
[2] Shih-Ming Chen, Tsorng-Juu Liang,, " A safety enhanced, high step-up dc–dc converter for ac photovoltaic
module application" in Proc. 2012 IEEE transactions ,vol 27,no 4.
[3] Hairul Nissah Zainudin, Mekhilef, “Comparison Study of Maximum Power Point Tracker Techniques for PV
Systems”, Cairo University, 2010
[4] R. Faranda, and S. Leva, “Energy comparison of MPPT techniques for PV Systems”, WSEAS Transactions
on Power Systems, vol. 3, pp. 446-455, June 2008.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14)
30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India
130
[5] Fangrui Liu, Shanxu Duan, Fei Liu, Bangyin Liu, and Yong Kang “A Variable Step Size INC MPPT Method for
PV Systems” IEEE transactions, july 2008
[6] Soeren Baekhoej and Frede Blaabjerg, "a review of single-phase grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic
modules," in Proc. 2005 IEEE Transactions
[7] S. Chakraborty, B. Kroposki, and W. Kramer, “Advanced power electronic interfaces for distributed energy
systems,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Technical report TP-581-42672, 2008.
[8] Aishwarya P. Mulmule, Rambabu A. Vatti and Pratik M. Porwal, “MPPT Technique To Improve Efficiency In
Wind-Solar Hybrid System” International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET), Volume 4,
Issue 6, 2012, pp. 74 - 82, ISSN Print : 0976-6545, ISSN Online: 0976-6553.

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High step up boost converter based micro inverter with mppt and current control

  • 1. Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14) 30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India 123 HIGH STEP UP BOOST CONVERTER BASED MICRO INVERTER WITH MPPT AND CURRENT CONTROL ANSIA ASSIS1 , SARITHA SATHYAN2 1,2 Dept of EEE, SNGCE, Kolenchery, Ernakulam, India ABSTRACT Increase in the demand for the electrical energy and need for a cleaner environment increases the application of solar energy because of its availability and less environmental issues. Increase in power demand over loads the power stations which cause the power quality and power availability problems. Grid connected photovoltaic system is the best solution for this problem. Maximum power extraction from the solar panel is done by controlling the interfacing circuits which are mainly dc- dc converters. The conventional converters have low conversion ratios. In this paper a high step up boost converter is used as the interface between solar panel and the grid connected inverter. To obtain the maximum power extracting efficiency incremental conductance maximum power point tracking algorithm is introduced for the controlling of converter. Similarly a current control method is used for the grid synchronization of inverter. Keywords: Current control, Incremental conductance , high step up boost converter, MPPT, single phase inverter 1. INTRODUCTION The environmental problems created by the energy sources are the most important global issue. Fossil fuels are the main energy source and large scale consumption of fossil fuels increases the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere which raises serious environmental concerns like global warming. Also continuous use of these kinds of non renewable energy sources may leads to the complete lose of it within 200 years. Suitable solution for this problem is the use of renewable energy sources. These energy sources are continuously replenished naturally. Most important renewable energy source is solar energy. Varieties of technologies are used to harness the solar energy. Most common method of harvesting the solar energy is the photovoltaic panels which receives the solar radiation from the sun and convert it in to direct current electrical energy [1]. The increasing energy demand overloads the distribution grids and the power stations causes negative impact on power availability and quality [7]. To overcome this Distributed Generation (DG) systems are formed. Distributed Generation systems using renewable energy sources have the advantage that it reduces loss due to transmission because power is produced in close proximity to where it is to be consumed. Solar energy technologies are less expensive and more efficient. But PV module output voltage has a low dc amplitude value. The PV modules output voltage should be boosted and converted into an ac voltage for the purpose of grid connection. This task can be performed using micro inverters. The maximum power point (MPP) voltage of a PV module ranges from 15V to 40V, which will be the input voltage of the ac module. If the input voltage is lower, it is difficult for the ac module to reach high efficiency. However, employing a dc–dc converter with high step up conversion ratio in the front of the inverter improves power-conversion efficiency and provides a stable dc link to the inverter [2]. In this paper a high step up boost converter is used to transfer the maximum power from PV panel. It has high step up conversion ratio compared to the INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (IJEET) ISSN 0976 – 6545(Print) ISSN 0976 – 6553(Online) Volume 5, Issue 12, December (2014), pp. 123-130 © IAEME: www.iaeme.com/IJEET.asp Journal Impact Factor (2014): 6.8310 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com IJEET © I A E M E
  • 2. Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14) 30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India 124 conventional boost converter. The efficiency and reliability of single-phase PV inverter systems can be improved using transformer less topologies and maximum power point tracking methods. In this paper, a PV array is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink .This PV model is coupled to a high step up DC-DC boost converter. By changing the duty cycle of the DC-DC booster the system implements the most popular MPPT method to extract maximum power. Different MPPT methods have been studied and verified like perturb & observe method, Incremental conductance method, Fractional short circuit current method, Fuzzy logic control method etc [3]. Incremental Conductance algorithm is most efficient MPPT tracking method because it responds rapidly with the changes in atmospheric conditions [4]. The model is then tested under various conditions, irradiance and temperature comparing it to the values provided by the manufacture’s datasheet. The system is then connected to a Single Phase Inverter implemented in Simulink. Finally the grid synchronization of this system is done through current control. 2. HIGH STEP UP BOOST MICRO INVERTER Fig. 2. Proposed high step up micro inverter The proposed high step up DC -DC converter based micro inverter topology for grid connected photovoltaic system is depicted in Fig.2. Two power processing stages are decoupled here. In the front end DC-DC converter, a conventional boost converter is modified in such a way to obtain high step up transformation ratio. A single phase full bridge inverter using PWM control serves as the DC-AC conversion stage. The control mechanisms for both power conversion stages are important 2.1 High Step Up DC- DC Converter Solar panel with conventional boost interface circuit is simulated to verify the step up ratio and it is found to be small about 2 to 3 %. If this converter is used for inverter grid connection it is difficult for ac module to reach the higher efficiency. In order to achieve higher efficiency high conversion ratio boost converter is used instead of conventional converter. High step up boost converter is shown in Fig.3. Fig.3. High step up boost converter
  • 3. Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14) 30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India 125 The main part of this converter is a coupled inductor which is denoted by T1. N1 is the primary and N2 is the secondary of coupled inductor. N2/N1 gives the turns ratio (n). Advantage of this converter is that with small turns ratio high step up conversion is possible. Primary of coupled inductor N1, C1, D1 along with switch S1 perform the function of conventional boost converter. Also C2, D2, N2 form another pair which is connected in series with N1which boost up the voltage to a double value. Rectifier Diode D3 connected to the output capacitor C3 and load. Some assumptions are made to analyses the converter. All components are ideal expect leakage inductance (Lm) of coupled inductor. All capacitors are large enough to keep voltage across them constant. Parasitic resistance of T1 and equivalent series resistance (ESR) of capacitors are neglected. Lk1, Lk2 are the leakage inductance of N1and N2 respectively. This converter will works in two modes of operations, continuous conduction mode and discontinuous conduction mode. For the micro inverter operation only continuous conduction mode is considered. Mode 1 Initially the magnetizing inductor Lm charges the capacitor C2 through diode D2. When the switch S1 is ON the input voltage Vin is series connected with N2, C1, and C2 to charge output capacitor C3 and load R. magnetizing inductor Lm is also receiving energy from Vin. The current through the Lm, Lk1, and D3 are increasing because the Vin is crossing Lk1, Lm, and primary winding N1. Lm and Lk1 are storing energy from Vin. Vin is also serially connected with secondary winding N2 of coupled inductor T1, capacitors C1, and C2, and then discharges their energy to capacitor C3 and load R. So the output voltage is the sum of the voltage across these series connected elements. Vout=Vin + nVin + (D/1-D) Vin+ (nd/1-D) Vin (1) Mode 2 During this mode S1 is turned OFF, secondary leakage inductor Lk2 keeps charging C3 when switch S1 is OFF. The leakage inductor Lk1 charges the capacitor C1 instantly when S1 is OFF. Also Lk2 is series connected with C2 to charge output capacitor C3 and the load and iLm is increasing because magnetizing inductor Lm is receiving energy from Lk1. The energy stored in magnetizing inductor Lm is released to C1 and C2 simultaneously. Currents iLk1 and iD1 are continually decreased because the leakage energy still flowing through diodeD1 keeps charging capacitor C1. The Lm is delivering its energy through T1 and D2 to charge capacitor C2. The energy stored in capacitor C3 is constantly discharged to the load R. Fig .4. simulink model of proposed converter 2.2 High Step Up Boost Converter Control PV voltage is instantaneously regulated by the MPPT block. The MPPT block performs the incremental conductance algorithm which is the most efficient tracking method. MPPT function block in the boost converter system periodically track the PV voltage and modifies the duty cycle of the converter. (1) Indicate that the output voltage Vout of converter is changing dynamically in accordance with duty cycle D. The charging and discharging of capacitor causes the uneven voltage distribution and that may saturate the magnetizing inductance of the coupled inductor. This can be prevented by designing MPPT block which has the simple control and low cost.
  • 4. Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14) 30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India 126 Fig.5. I-V, P-V curves of PV module For simplicity, consider that the PV module is working under standard irradiance (1000W/m2) and room temperature (25 ̊c) and the characteristics of PV module under this condition is plotted and it is shown in fig.5 .In incremental conductance method terminal voltage of module is always adjusted according to the MPP voltage and it is based on the incremental and instantaneous conductance of the PV module [5]. The slope of P-V curve gives the change in power with respect to the voltage. At the maximum power point (MPP) the slope dP/dV is zero. If the slope is greater or lesser than zero then the operating point is at the left or right side of the MPP respectively. dP/dV=I + V* dI/dV (2) From (2) the tracking point can be determined. dI/dV = -I/V at MPP, (3) dI/dV > -I/V at left side of MPP (4) dI/dV < -I/V at right side of MPP (5) The MPPT regulate the PWM control pulses to the boost converter until the condition for MPP is satisfied. The Flow chart of incremental conductance algorithm is shown in Fig.6. The controller tracks the changes in the PV output and adjusts the duty ratio of the converter to operate it at the MPP. 2.3 Grid Synchronization As over mentioned distributed generation systems are the solution for the increased demand of energy. PV technology has so many advantages like long lifetime, low maintenance requirements and environmentally friendly power generation. Transformer less PV inverter systems are important when it works as a part of distributed generation system. Grid synchronization of PV system is done by a single phase full bridge inverter with current control method. The PV module and inverter must be capable of adapting to the grid frequency and phase. When the inverter is connected to the utility, the grid controls the frequency and amplitude of the inverter output voltage and the inverter itself operates in the current control mode. The inverter current is compared to a reference current and the error is fed back through a proportional controller [7]. Its output is scaled and added to a feed forward loop with the final output of the duty given by (6). D=.5+ Vinv/2Vdc + [Ki(Iref-Iinv)*f*L] / (2Vc) (6) where, V inv is the inverter voltage, V dc is the input DC voltage, I ref is the reference current, I inv is the inverter output current, Ki is the proportional gain, L is filter inductance set to 500 mH, and f is the a switching frequency equal to 10 kHz.
  • 5. Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14) 30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India 127 Fig.6. flow chart of MPPT 3. SIMULATION RESULTS AND ANALYSIS The modeling of the high step up boost converter and grid connected inverter is done in Matlab/Simulink and the simulink model is shown in Fig.7. The PV module is the input of simulink model and the simulation result of the PV module is shown in Fig.8. & Fig.9. The proposed converter with an inverter is the interface circuit of PV-grid system. Simulink model of proposed converter is shown in Fig.4. Fig.7 simulink model of grid connected PV system
  • 6. Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14) 30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India 128 (a) (b) Fig.8 (a) I-V chara (b) P-V chara of PV module Fig .8 (a) shows the I-V chara and (b) shows the P-V chara of the PV module. From (b) the MPP is corresponds to a voltage of 19 V (a) (b) Fig.9 (a) output voltage (b) output power of PV panel The output voltage and output power of PV panel is shown in Fig.9. From the simulation the output voltage of PV panel is obtained as 24V. (a)
  • 7. Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14) 30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India 129 (b) Fig. 10. Output Voltage of (a) conventional (b) modified boost converter Fig .11. Output of grid connected inverter The output voltage of both conventional (a) and modified boost converter is shown in Fig.10. From the result the output voltage of conventional converter is 44V and that of modified converter is 240 V. Both of them have the input of 24V. So it is clear that the step up conversion ratio of modified converter is 10 times higher than the conventional boost converter. Grid connected inverter output is shown in Fig.11. The amplitude of the grid voltage is 100 volt. So the grid connected inverter output voltage has amplitude of 100 V. 4. CONCLUSION A novel high step up boost converter based micro inverter for grid connected photovoltaic system has been presented in this paper. An incremental conductance MPPT algorithm for converter and current controller for grid synchronization of inverter was developed. The proposed converter achieves high step up conversion without using numerous turns ratio. Simulation results are shown to verify the circuit operation principles, current control and MPPT method. The proposed PV micro inverter system with its control implementations will be a competitive method for grid connected photovoltaic applications. REFERENCES [1] Venkata Kolluru, Kamalakanta Mahapatra and Bidyadhar," Development and implementation of control algorithms for a photovoltaic system," in Proc. 2013 Power Electronics Conference. [2] Shih-Ming Chen, Tsorng-Juu Liang,, " A safety enhanced, high step-up dc–dc converter for ac photovoltaic module application" in Proc. 2012 IEEE transactions ,vol 27,no 4. [3] Hairul Nissah Zainudin, Mekhilef, “Comparison Study of Maximum Power Point Tracker Techniques for PV Systems”, Cairo University, 2010 [4] R. Faranda, and S. Leva, “Energy comparison of MPPT techniques for PV Systems”, WSEAS Transactions on Power Systems, vol. 3, pp. 446-455, June 2008.
  • 8. Proceedings of the International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering and Management (ICETEM14) 30-31, December, 2014, Ernakulam, India 130 [5] Fangrui Liu, Shanxu Duan, Fei Liu, Bangyin Liu, and Yong Kang “A Variable Step Size INC MPPT Method for PV Systems” IEEE transactions, july 2008 [6] Soeren Baekhoej and Frede Blaabjerg, "a review of single-phase grid-connected inverters for photovoltaic modules," in Proc. 2005 IEEE Transactions [7] S. Chakraborty, B. Kroposki, and W. Kramer, “Advanced power electronic interfaces for distributed energy systems,” National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, Technical report TP-581-42672, 2008. [8] Aishwarya P. Mulmule, Rambabu A. Vatti and Pratik M. Porwal, “MPPT Technique To Improve Efficiency In Wind-Solar Hybrid System” International Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology (IJEET), Volume 4, Issue 6, 2012, pp. 74 - 82, ISSN Print : 0976-6545, ISSN Online: 0976-6553.