Effect of repeated seven seconds phosphate recovery drill training on speed and agility of tripura cricketers

1. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 28-33 © IAEME
28
EFFECT OF REPEATED SEVEN SECONDS PHOSPHATE
RECOVERY DRILL TRAINING ON SPEED AND AGILITY
OF TRIPURA CRICKETERS
Dr. Deepak Kumar Dogra
Director (Operation), Laxmibai Sports Education & Welfare Society, New Delhi (INDIA)
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effectiveness of 12 weeks repeated seven seconds phosphate recovery drill
training on speed and agility among selected Tripura cricketers. Pre test – post test randomized group
design were undertaken for the present study which consist of an experimental group and control
group. Equal number of subjects (n= 30) were assigned randomly to both the groups. The
experimental group was exposed to 12 weeks repeated seven seconds phosphate recovery drill
training programme whereas, no treatment was given to control group. For the purpose of the present
research work a total of 60 cricketers were randomly selected for the present research work subjects
had represented Tripura Cricket Association (Affiliated to BCCI) in several national tournaments.
Speed & agility was selected as a dependent variable and 12 weeks repeated seven seconds
phosphate recovery drill training programme was considered as an independent variable. The data
was analyzed by applying analysis of co-variance and post hoc test was used to draw appropriate
conclusions and to find out the effect of 12 weeks repeated seven seconds phosphate recovery drill
training programme on speed and agility variables among selected Tripura cricketers. The
significance level was set at 0.05. The results indicated that there was significant difference found in
experimental group selected Tripura state cricketers on speed & agility variables in comparison to
control group. The findings of this study showed that 12 weeks repeated seven seconds phosphate
recovery drill training programme was an effective training tool to improve a cricketers’ speed and
agility abilities.
Keywords: Phosphate, recovery, training, speed, agility and cricketers
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY (IJMET)
ISSN 0976 – 6340 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6359 (Online)
Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 28-33
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2. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 28-33 © IAEME
29
INTRODUCTION
In the research literature, sprinting skills are commonly categorized as linear sprint, agility
and repeated sprint ability (RSA). Linear sprint is the ability to accelerate and maintain a high linear
sprint speed (Chapman et. al. 2011). Agility refers to the ability to rapidly change direction and
speed of movement as a result of a stimulus (Bishop et. al. 2011). RSA is the ability to perform
repeated sprints with brief recovery intervals (Bishop et al. 2011; and Glaister et.al. 2005).Several
studies have concluded that agility and linear sprint are specific and independent qualities (Little et.
al. 2005; Sporis et. al. 2010; Vescovi et.al. 2008; and Young et. al. 2001). All of these skills are
necessary to complete in almost any sport or activity or training sessions now across the world. It is
used to improve the specific sport and it is important that the player repeats the exact body
mechanics that they have performed on the field. It is also maintained the correct body mechanics, so
that the drills correctly reflect the movements in the sport to avoid creating bad habits.
Unfortunately, only a few intervention studies including agility or repeated sprint training of
elite or professional soccer players have been reported. Mujika et. al. (2009) indicated an
improvement in 15 m sprint and vertical jump performance after 6 training sessions with repeated
short sprints. Similarly, Spinks et. al. (2007) also observed that short-sprint training with and
without resistance over 8 weeks improved 15 m sprint and counter-movement vertical jump (CMJ
vertical jump) performance. However, Jovanovic et. al. (2011) founded improved 5 – 10 m sprint
and CMJ vertical jump performance after an 8-week conditioning period consisting of speed, agility
and quickness. Moreover, Wong et. al. (2012) only reported a relationship between repeated sprint
ability and repeated change of direction. Therefore, it should be in the interest of coaches, trainers
and players to investigate whether repeated agility training within a similar periodization model to
repeated sprint training can lead to equivalent or even superior outcomes. Thus, the conditioning
exercises should become more specifically tailored to the sport. The main purpose of this study was
to determine the effectiveness of 12 weeks repeated seven seconds phosphate recovery drill training
on speed and agility among selected Tripura cricketers.
DESIGN
For the present study pre test – post test randomized group design which consisted of
experimental group (n = 30) and control group (n = 30). Equal numbers of subjects were assigned
randomly to both the groups. One group served as experimental group on which treatment was
administered. The other group served as the control group.
METHODOLOGY
For the purpose of the present research work a total of 60 cricketers were randomly selected.
These subjects had represented Tripura Cricket Association (Affiliation to BCCI) in several national
tournaments. The age of the subjects were ranging from 19 years to 31 years. The average age was
being 25 years. Speed and agility were selected as a dependent variable and 12 weeks specific
conditioning programme training was considered as an independent variable. Speed and agility was
measured in seconds rounded off 0.01 second by using electronic digital stop watch (Casio 100-lap).
To test speed and agility, 40 meters sprint test and 10 meters shuttle run test were respectively
administrated for Tripura cricketers.12 weeks repeated seven seconds phosphate recovery drill
training programme was administered three times a week on experimental group at M.B.B. Stadium
in Agartala for a period of 12 weeks (84 days) while the control group underwent general training
and regular cricketing practice. Before the administration of training programme, 40 meter sprint test
(speed) and 10 meter shuttle run test (agility) were respectively administrated at same venue on both

3. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 28-33 © IAEME
30
the group’s namely experimental group and control group respectively to collect pre test data. After
the completion of 12 weeks training programme again the same speed and agility tests were
conducted to collect the post training data. Analysis of co-variance and post hoc test were computed
to analyze the data and the significance level was set at 0.05.
FINDINGS
The findings of the study are given below:
Table 1.0: Analysis of Covariance on the Data of Speed and Agility Variables among Selected
Groups
Source of Variance
Group Means
Sum of Squares Df Mean Sum of Square ‘F’
Experimental Control
Pre Test Means
(Speed)
5.96 5.97
B = 0.00
W = 3.62
B = 1
W = 58
B = 0.00
W = 0.06
0.03
Post Test Means
(Speed)
5.73 5.96
B = 0.79
W = 3.26
B = 1
W = 58
B= 0.79
W = 0.06
13.98*
Adjusted
Post Test Means
(Speed)
5.74 5.96
B = 0.72
W = 0.70
B = 1
W = 57
B= 0.72
W = 0.01
58.27*
Pre Test Means
(Agility)
8.96 8.76
B = 0.63
W = 4.54
B = 1
W = 58
B = 0.63
W = 0.08
8.01*
Post Test Means
(Agility)
8.61 8.74
B = 0.24
W = 4.03
B = 1
W = 58
B= 0.24
W = 0.07
3.43
Adjusted
Post Test Means
(Agility)
8.59 8.75
B = 1.19
W = 0.74
B = 1
W = 57
B= 1.19
W = 0.01
91.16*
B = Between Group Variance
W = Within Group Variance
N = 60
*Significant at 0.05 level. ‘F’ 0 .05 (1, 57) = 4.00
Table 1.0 exhibited a highly significant group effect found in speed and agility variables
among experimental and control groups such as speed (‘F’1, 57 = 58.27) and agility (‘F’1, 57 = 91.15)
against the tabulated value of ‘F’1, 57 = 4.00 at 0.05 level.
The post hoc test was applied as an extension of analysis of covariance to find out the paired
mean significant difference between adjusted group post test means for experimental group and
control group. The findings related to analysis are presented in table 1.1.

4. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 28-33 © IAEME
31
Table 1.1: Adjusted Post Test Means and Difference between Means of Experimental and Control
Group of Speed and Agility Variables
Motor Fitness Variables
Experimental Group
- A
Control
Group - B
Mean Difference
Critical
Difference
Speed
(Seconds)
Post Test
Means
5.74 5.96 - 0.22* 0.04
Agility
(Seconds)
Post Test
Means
8.59 8.75 - 0.16* 0.04
*Significant at 0.05 level.
Table 1.1 indicates that the 12 weeks repeated seven seconds phosphate recovery drill
training induced to experimental group consist of selected Tripura state cricketers on speed and
agility variables were found statistically significant in comparison to control group.
The graphical representation of the paired adjusted final means of experimental and control group
for speed and agility, are presented in figures (i.e.,1.0 and 1.1).
Figure – 1.0
Graphical Representation of Adjusted Post
Test Mean Differences on Speed between
Experimental and Control Group
Figure –1.1
Graphical Representation of Adjusted Post
Test Mean Differences on Agility between
Experimental and Control Group
DISCUSSION
The findings of this study showed that 12 weeks of repeated seven seconds phosphate
recovery drill training was an effective training technique to improve a cricketer’s speed and agility
abilities. Cricket is a game of power, speed and quick reflexes required to excel and dominate in this
arena could be the fact the experimental group were taken the researcher’s prescribed 12 weeks of
repeated seven seconds sprint phosphate recovery drill training very seriously in which they were
involved in to practicing intensive sprint drills with detailed time of seven seconds sprints with
incomplete 25, 23 and 20 seconds sports specific recovery respectively between 20 repetitions set.
This fact could be the main reason for highly significant group differences results, as in the
experimental group Tripura cricketers to develop speed and agility variables. However, due to the
fact, Boomfield et. al. (2007); Espen et. al. (2011); and Shaher et.al. ( 2012) were also examined
the effect of 40-m repeated sprint training that does not involved strength training for specificity and
speed and agility conditioning methodology on random intermittent dynamic type sports, maximum
sprinting speed, repeated sprint speed endurance, vertical jump, aerobic capacity, and physical
performance in young elite male soccer players and similar facts were identified that the repeated
5.954
5.956
5.958
5.96
5.962
5.964
5.966
5.968
5.97
5.972
Speed
Experimental
Group
Control Group
8.5
8.55
8.6
8.65
8.7
8.75
8.8
Agility
Experimental
Group
Control Group

5. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET), ISSN 0976 – 6340(Print),
ISSN 0976 – 6359(Online), Volume 6, Issue 1, January (2015), pp. 28-33 © IAEME
32
sprint programme had a positive effect on several of the parameters tested (i.e., specifically speed
and agility). Another reason could be the fact that the experimental group hence underwent a with
rigorous and regimented fitness regime in a structured set-up in comparison to non-structured set-up
used by the control group owing to their remote geographical location with reference to the place of
training.
CONCLUSION
The results indicated that there was a significant improvement had exhibited by experimental
group cricketers on motor fitness variables after exposed to 12 weeks of repeated seven seconds
phosphate recovery drill training in comparison to control group subjects. Hence, it is concluded that
repeated seven seconds phosphate recovery drill training programme was an effective training tool to
improve a cricketers’ motor fitness abilities.
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