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Years 8-10
Protective Behaviours:                                                                   Early
Refining skills for life                                                                 Adolescence

Health and Physical                                                                      Featured text
                                                                                         Chicken Soup for
Education                                                                                the Kid’s Soul

Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life is a program
of work intended for use by teachers of students in Years
8-10. It provides teaching strategies linked to the Early
Adolescence (8-10) Syllabus scope and sequence
statements. Teachers should use their professional
judgement to decide how much of the content to address
with any particular class according to the students’ needs
and abilities.




Chicken Soup for the Kid’s Soul: 101 stories of
courage, hope and laughter for kids aged 8-12
By Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen and
Irene Dunlap
This book contains a collection of courageous stories written
by children, teenagers and celebrities. The stories cover
topics of persistence, relationships, problem-solving, goal
setting and decision making.

                                                                                             Chicken Soup for the Kid’s Soul by Jack
                                                                                            Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen
                                                                                              and Irene Dunlap, published by Health
                                                                                              Communication Inc. Reproduced with
                                                                                             permission of Health Communication Inc.




Lesson plans developed by Protective Behaviours WA
(Inc), Senior Editor, Justine O'Malley in collaboration with
the Department of Education WA.
This resource contains various images from
© Thinkstock, 2010 and © Department of Education,
Western Australia, 2010 used under licence.




     CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
     © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                                     Not for NEALS
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence




                                 Table of contents


                                Overview                                                1


                                About this resource                                     2


                                What do I need to know?                                 3

                                Importance of teaching
                                                                                        8
                                Protective Behaviours

                                Content focus                                           17

                                What will I do in my
                                                                                        21
                                classroom?


                                        Lesson plans                                    21



                                        Resources                                       58
                                    1




                                        What if..? Questions to
                                        promote problem solving                         117
                                        skills


                                        Teacher toolkit                                 120


                                        Teacher toolkit templates                       134


                                        Protective Behaviours
                                                                                        157
                                        order form



CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                              Not for NEALS
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence                                                                                           Lesson themes
                                                                                          Theme 1: We all have the right to feel safe at ALL times
       Overview                                                                    Theme 2: We can talk with someone about anything no matter what it is


                                                                    Lesson 1                                    Lesson 2                                   Lesson 3
                                                             Theme 1                                      Theme 1                                  Theme 1
                                                             Developing a range of                        Early warning signs                      Stages of safety continuum
                                                             feelings                                     Safe and unsafe risk taking              Minimising risk
                                                             Rights and responsibilities




                                                                    Lesson 4                                    Lesson 5                                   Lesson 6
                                                             Theme 2                                        Theme 2                                Theme 2
                                                             Safe versus unsafe secrets                     Networks                               Definition of persistence
                                                             Minimising risk scenarios                      How to talk/listen to                  Persistence as a strategy
                                                                                                            someone on your network




            Lesson 7                                                Lesson 8                                    Lesson 9                                Lesson 10
     Theme 2                                                 Theme 2                                       Theme 2                                 Program review
     Public versus private                                   Safe and unsafe touches                       Assertiveness                           Review of personal network
     Internet safety                                         Personal space                                Saying no




CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours – Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010                                                                                                 Not for NEALS                1
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence




         About this resource
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life is a series of ten lessons which encourages the
learning and development of skills for life in order for students to feel, be and keep safe.
Teachers are encouraged to implement the full series of ten lessons into their school
program to ensure that the content identified in the Health and Physical Education
learning area of the Early Adolescence (8-10) Syllabus is addressed. Lessons can be
taught in isolation but would not address the full range of content. Cross curricular activities
and opportunities have been included in the program. If you feel uncomfortable teaching
certain aspects of the Protective Behaviours program, there are a number of agencies that
are available to teach the content or assist you with the delivery of the content.

 Phase/s of Learning

     Early Childhood                Middle Childhood                Early Adolescence              Late Adolescence

                                                                             8-10

 Learning Area/s

                                                Languages
  The Arts        English          H&PE                            Mathematics           Science      S&E      T&E
                                                  (LOTE)

                                      x

 Values

    Pursuit of
                                                         Respect &
   knowledge &
                           Self acceptance              concern for              Social & civic       Environmental
  commitment to
                           & respect of self           others & their            responsibility       responsibility
  achievement of
                                                           rights
     potential

            x                        x                         x                         x


This resource includes:
        advice to teachers about the resource
        the focus of teaching showing links to the Early Adolescence (8-10) Syllabus
        an overview of lessons and related resources
        learning and teaching activities, monitoring suggestions and supporting resources


Teachers should use their professional judgement to decide how much of the content
to address with their particular class.




CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                              Not for NEALS            2
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence




         What do I need to know?
Children
Children enter the classroom bringing with them experiences gained from their family,
community, culture and place. They bring their diverse experiences, perspectives,
expectations, knowledge and skills to their learning. It is important that teachers ascertain
children’s prior knowledge before beginning a program of work to determine ways of
supporting all children to learn.
Opportunities to work in pairs and in large and small groups provide contexts for children to
engage in oral language build new relationships and co-operate with others. They learn to
communicate their needs and emotions while recognising and being aware of the needs and
emotions of others. Research shows that students are more likely to use and understand a
life skill that they have practiced repeatedly. It is also important that students are made
aware if and when they are using a life skill in order that they better understand that life skills
can be used in a range of situations. These skills need to be taught throughout all phases of
learning over a range of contexts and situations in order that students have opportunities to
practice, understand and master them.


Teacher
Teaching Protective Behaviours – some fundamental principles
When introducing and teaching Protective Behaviours, teachers must ensure that the content
of the program is supported and reflected in the creation of a safe learning environment.
More information on strategies for teaching a Protective Behaviours program can be found in
the Teacher toolkit section of this program.


Supporting Aboriginal children
Aboriginal children generally enter the school learning environment with a rich cultural
background and as proficient communicators in their home language. While some children
may have little or no understanding of English, others may understand and use an English
dialect (Aboriginal English). Aboriginal children are more likely to thrive in a classroom in
which their cultural background and home language is acknowledged and respected.
Immersion in oral language in intended teaching and play contexts enhances the ability of
Aboriginal children to learn in Standard Australian English (SAE). Continually rephrasing and
restating and providing visual cues in the form of photographs, illustrations and
demonstrations increase the likelihood of children understanding and participating in
explanations, discussions and conversations in SAE.
Aboriginal children may need support in asking and responding to direct questions. Providing
explanations before asking direct questions ensures that every child has the opportunity to
respond and experience success (eg This is the title. The title tells us the name of the story.
What is this?). Aboriginal children are more likely to respond to questions if they understand
why they are being asked questions (eg I want to know what you know, I do not know a lot
about home talk so I need you to tell me).
For further information on supporting Aboriginal children, teachers are advised to access the
following resources via the Department portal:
        Aboriginal languages resource file (Resource ID: DETK102110) contains an online
        gallery of images suitable for printing and photocopying

CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   3
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

        Aboriginal perspectives across the curriculum (APAC) provides information on how to
        broaden and deepen children’s and teachers’ understandings of Aboriginal cultures
        and ways of being. It can be accessed at det.wa.edu.au/education/apac
        Embedding Indigenous perspectives across the curriculum is a national project that
        supports teachers in exploring and better understanding the diversity of Aboriginal
        peoples’ distinct values, histories, languages, cultural beliefs and practices:
        embeddingindigenousperspectives.edu.au
It is important that approaches to protective behaviour strategies take the cultural
backgrounds of the students (and their families/carers) into respectful consideration. This is
especially important if the norms of behaviour of the school are not consistent with those of
the home. These norms can include any area such as parenting, discipline, social dynamics
or language. The difference in behaviours and expectations between home and school may
not only cause confusion for the students, but it may also cause friction with the families.
When giving advice, any of the specific challenges and stressors that face families who are
culturally and linguistically diverse must be taken into account. These challenges include:
               Migration stress;
               Acculturative stress;
               Displaced sense of belonging and cultural identity;
               Perceived or experienced racism and discrimination;
               Intergenerational conflict;
               Low standard Australian English proficiency;
               Insufficient awareness of institutional systems and local services available;
               Loss or lack of extended family, social and community supports;
               Negative previous experiences in education;
               Poor settlement experience in period after arrival in new country, and
               Socioeconomic disadvantage.
                                                                                             (Adapted from Sawrikar, 2009)

Therefore approaching advice must be done with care. A qualified cultural mediator who may
be, for example, a respected elder in the community, an appropriate community member who
speaks the same language as the those concerned or a local Aboriginal and Islander
Education Officer (for Aboriginal students) will be able to greatly assist in dealing
with protective behaviour strategies.


The learning, teaching, assessment cycle
The learning, teaching, assessment cycle begins with what the children know and can do.
Therefore it is recommended that teachers gather quality information about the abilities of
their children before beginning any program of work. This information will guide teachers in
using their professional judgement to decide on when to introduce content based on
children’s prior learning and achievement.
The following resources are recommended to assist teachers in providing a differentiated
curriculum for children in their classes and can be found via the Department portal:
        Early Childhood (K-3) Syllabus scope and sequence documents provide advice on
        what to teach children at each year level in all eight learning areas. Some pre-primary
        children may be ready to learn and be taught content for Year 1.
        Literacy and Numeracy Resources are practical resources that have been developed to
        support teachers to improve the literacy and numeracy skills of children.

CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS              4
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence


        Literacy Net and Numeracy Net can be used to track the development of children and
        assist teachers in making judgements about what to teach.
        First Steps Literacy and First Steps Numeracy materials help teachers to be more
        strategic about what to teach, how to teach it, when to teach it and, more importantly,
        why.


Otitis media
The ability to hear the sounds of the English language is critical for literacy learning. Otitis
media (middle ear infection) may result in conductive hearing loss and can have a severe
impact on learning. One of the strategies for decreasing the occurrence of otitis media is
Breathe, Blow, Cough (BBC). Information on otitis media and BBC can be found on the
Aboriginal Education Directorate web page on the Department of Education website -
det.wa.edu.au/aboriginaleducation/detcms/portal.


Resources used in the program
Resource kit
Teachers/schools have the option to purchase a resource kit from Protective Behaviours WA
to support the program. A Protective Behaviours WA resource order form has been included
at the end of this resource. The prices of resources and their availability are correct at time
of writing.


Books
Castle, C 2000, For Every Child, Phyllis Fogelman Books, New York
Krovatin, C 2004, The Best Ghost Stories Ever, Turtleback Books, St Louis USA
Johnsen, K 1986, The Trouble with Secrets, Parenting Press Inc, Seattle, Washington USA
Thomas, R 2002, The Paper Bag Baby, Red Fox, London UK
Canfield, J, Hansen, M, Hansen & P, Dunlap, I 1998, Chicken Soup for the Kid’s Soul: 101
Stories of Courage, Hope and Laughter, Health Communications Inc, Deerfield Beach,
Florida USA
Marsden, J 1993, Tomorrow, When the War Began, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia
Marsden, J 1994, The Dead of the Night, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia
Marsden, J 1995, The Third Day, the Frost, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia
Marsden, J 1996, Darkness be my Friend, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia
Marsden, J 1997, Burning for Revenge, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia
Marsden, J 1998, The Night is for Hunting, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia
Marsden, J 1999, The Other Side of the Dawn, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia


Other useful resources
Songs
There are many songs that can be used to develop the concepts of Protective Behaviours.
Specific songs about Protective Behaviours can be purchased from Protective Behaviours
WA. Teachers can also source many engaging songs that have meaning to the topics and
concepts of Protective Behaviours.
CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   5
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

The CD Sing yourself safe is a useful resource which compliments the themes and learning
experiences in the Protective Behaviours program. A copy of the first verse and chorus of
these songs has been included in as resource 27. The songs cover topics of early warning
signs, feelings, feeling safe, saying no, public and private, persistence and secrets. The CD
can be purchased from Safe4Kids, Protective Behaviours WA and Wooldridges.
Other songs used in the resource include:
‘Wibbly the wombat’ by Jayne Heskett


Books
Abdel-Fattah, R 2006, Ten things I Hate About Me, Pan Macmillan Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney,
Australia
Brugman, A 2002, Walking Naked, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, Australia
Byars, B 1973, The Eighteenth Emergency, The Bodley Head, United Kingdom
Dumbleton, M 2003, Watch Out for Jamie Joel, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, Australia
Murphy, K 2005, The King of Whatever, Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Camberwell, Victoria
Paterson, K 1977, Bridge to Terabithia, Harper Collins, United Kingdom


Websites
Child Health Promotion Research Centre – established at Edith Cowan University, Western
Australia, to improve the overall physical, emotional, mental health and well-being of children
and young people and their families through high-quality, applied research. Website at:
http://www.chprc.ecu.edu.au
Summary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child from the UNICEF website at
http://www.unicef.org
ThinkUKnow
http://www.thinkyouknow.org.au
The Line
http://www.theline.gov.au
Cybersmart
http://www.cybersmart.gov.au
Protective Behaviours WA
http://www.protectivebehaviourswa.org.au/
Children’s Safety Australia website: posters and other resources
http://www.childsafety.org.au/resources.html
Safe4Kids
http://www.safe4kids.com.au
Childwise
http://www.childwise.net




CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   6
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence


Teacher resources
Laws, C & Moore, A 2009, Protective Behaviours: Early Learning, The Protective Behaviours
Consultancy Group of NSW, Sydney.
Children’s Protections Society 2003, Protective behaviours: A personal safety program,
Lesson Plan level: 1 & 2, Children’s Protections Society, West Heidelberg, Vic.


Teacher resources accessible though the Department of Education website
Breathe, Blow, Cough




CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   7
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence



       Importance of teaching Protective Behaviours
Background information
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life is a living skills and personal safety program.
The aim is to strengthen the resilience of students as they grow and develop.
It focuses on giving students life skills to protect themselves from abusive situations and on
teaching students to avoid a wide range of potentially unsafe situations.

Why do we need Protective Behaviours?
      Because 96% of abused children are abused by someone known and trusted by them
      (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2000-2001).
      1 in 4 girls and 1 in 7 boys are sexually abused in Australia before they reach the age of
      18 (Australian Institute of Criminology 2004).
      To help protect children as we simply cannot be with them every minute of the day.
      To empower children with the right to feel safe and act to keep themselves safe.
      To give children and adults permission to talk about problems they face.
      1 in 5 respondents lacked confidence/knowledge on what to do if they suspected child
      abuse (Australian Childhood Foundation Report 2006).
      Only 3% of children will ever tell of their abuse (Savi Report 2004).



What does Protective Behaviours aim to do?
Statistical data shows that students are more likely to be harmed by someone they know
rather than someone they do not know.
There are many personal safety issues that our students are exposed to. We are now more
aware of the physical and emotional trauma of bullying, cyber bullying, exclusions, sexual
abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse and living with domestic violence.
Our students are potentially exposed to a wide range of situations that put them at risk that
could cause them short and long term physical and emotional harm and violate their basic
rights.
Teaching preventative strategies is a proactive way to strengthen our students’ ability to keep
themselves safe and minimise risk. It is important students develop personal safety and
resilience skills from a well presented and structured program.
For child abuse prevention programs to be of value they need to be taught over time and
constantly reinforced.
Protective Behaviours can be used by students and adults to keep themselves safe and
works towards reducing violence in the community.
It provides the basis for helping students be safe and stay safe from the risks that surround
us in everyday lives.
The Protective Behaviours beliefs and skills:
      are lifelong;
      are for a range of places where we might be unsafe – at home, at school, in the
      community; and
      can be applied to a range of unsafe situations including physical abuse, family violence,
      sexual abuse, bullying, emotional abuse and verbal abuse.

How is Abuse Categorised?
CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   8
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

Physical abuse
Deliberate, ill treatment commonly characterised by physical injury and harm. Physical harm
or maltreatment is caused to the child as a result of practices such as biting, beating,
shaking, scalding, burning, punching, kicking, shoving and breaking bones.


Physical indicators of physical abuse:
      Bruises
      Welts
      Burns
      Cuts
      Missing teeth
      Fractures
      Self mutilation
      Clumps of hair missing
      Bite marks
      Swelling


Behavioural indicators of physical abuse:
      Fear of going home
      Injuries that are not consistent with the explanation that the child gave
      Evasive answers to questions
      Avoidance of issues, questions and situations
      Disclosure of abuse directly to a teacher or adult or indirectly to friend


Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse is when an adult or young person uses their power, authority or force to
involve a child in sexual activity. Includes a range of behaviours including
    oral sex;
    touching a child’s genitals;
    exhibitionism;
    any form of penetration;
    any exposure to or involvement in child pornography;
    molesting; and
    fondling.

Physical indicators of sexual abuse:
      Bruises or bleeding in genital area
      Blood stained underwear
      Pregnancy or fear of pregnancy
      Urinary tract infections
      Pain, swelling or itching in genital area
      Sexually transmitted infection
CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   9
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

      Massive weight change


Behavioural indicators of sexual abuse:
      Disclosure of involvement in sexual activity directly to an adult
      Indirectly disclosing to a friend or acquaintance
      Possession of pornographic material
      Reluctance to change clothes in front of others
      Inappropriate sex play or premature understanding of sex
      Threatened by physical contact, closeness
      Fear of going home
      Injuries that are not consistent with the explanation that the child gave
      States of fear are evident, eg. anxiety, depression, socially withdrawn
      Poor peer relationships
      Inappropriate expressions of affection
      Evidence of sexual themes evident in play, artwork, stories or actions


Emotional Abuse
Where persistent and consistent inappropriate behaviour undermines and erodes the
emotional development and wellbeing of an individual. Involves such abuse as humiliation,
intimidation and threats.


Physical indicators of emotional abuse:
      Symptoms of stress
      Bedwetting
      Diarrhoea
      Lethargy or fatigue
      Eating disorders
      Psychosomatic complaints
      Failure to thrive
      Speech disorders


Behavioural Indicators:
      Mental or emotional developmental lags
      Behaviours inappropriate for age
      Poor peer relationships
      Extreme attention seeking behaviours
      Run away attempts
      Attempted suicide
      Low self esteem
CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   10
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

      Truancy or school avoidance
      Excessive shyness or withdrawal
      Severe depression
      Violence is a subject for art or writing
      Habit disorders


Neglect
The failure to provide reasonable care where the result can be detrimental to development
and wellbeing. Children may be neglected when they do not receive food, care and attention.


Physical indicators:
      Unexplained bruises
      Poor hygiene
      Constant fatigue
      Consistent hunger
      Inappropriate dress
      Inadequate nutrition
      Unattended medical needs
      Developmental delays


Behavioural Indicators:
      Self destructive
      Frequently absent
      Tardiness
      Regular displays of fatigue
      Early arrival at school or reluctant to leave


It is important to note that not any single indicator proves that abuse is taking place, but the
repeated presence of an indicator or a combination of indicators should raise concerns to
educators of the possibility of abuse.




CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   11
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

Protective Behaviours themes

                            Theme 1                                                           Theme 2
                 We all have the right to                                    We can talk with someone about
                  feel safe at all times                                      anything no matter what it is



                               Key Concepts                                                    Key Concepts



         Early Warning Signs                             Safety                                   Networks
         Body signals                           Feeling safe                                 Asking for help
         Specific, internal,                    Recognising safety                           Relationships
         physical sensations
                                                Rights and                                   Communicating with
         Feelings and                           responsibilities                             and supporting others
         reactions
                                                Secrets and surprises                        Inviting people to be
         Minimising risk                                                                     on your network
                                                Safety continuum
                                                                                             Persistence
                                                Personal space




Strategies for teaching Protective Behaviours

1. Desensitised early warning signs

When reviewing early warning signs it is necessary to consider that not all students may
experience early warning signs for a variety of reasons. Some students may have become
desensitised through previous or current traumatic experiences or have sensory disorders.
The concept of early warning signs is expanded beyond physical responses of the body to
unsafe situations to include emotional responses and external indicators such as time or
location

2. Creating the learning environment
It is important that teachers are provided with the skills and strategies to build an atmosphere
of trust and confidence.
Protective Behaviours education can generate strong feelings, therefore it is important that
the teacher is resourced with strategies and skills to emphasise strengths and positive
feelings, develop trust and build communication.
Such strategies include:
      Parent/caregiver involvement
      Group norms
      Ground rules
      One step removed
      Protective Interrupting
      Language of safety
      Network review
      Persistence
      Theme reinforcement
      Teacher support
CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                                Not for NEALS        12
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence


      Parent/carer involvement
      Even though parental consent is not necessary, parents still need to be informed about
      the curriculum content and how they may be involved in reinforcing the themes.

      Group norms
      Group norms are behaviours that form part of regular classroom activities. They include
      the behaviours formed from group discussions and are usually generated by the
      students themselves. Group norms are part of a protective strategy to prevent
      disclosure of personal or distressing events. Examples of group norms include: listening
      to others; talk when it is your turn; don’t talk about something that has happened to
      yourself or your family; if you don’t want to talk about something – you don’t have too,
      just pass.

      Ground rules
      Establish ground rules. This is important as it helps provide a safe environment for
      students to express their opinions. These can include:
       o Only one person to talk at a time
       o Use appropriate language – this includes appropriate terminology
       o Racially or sexist language
       o Show respect for the views of others
       o Allow everyone to express their views

      One step removed
      One step removed is a third person strategy that allows students to practise a skill in a
      non-threatening situation without disclosing personal or family information. Students are
      presented with a potentially abusive situation such as a story or picture and asked what
      the person could do to keep safe. For younger students puppets, songs and scenarios
      could be used to problem solve. Questions could include, ’What could someone do to
      keep safe?’ or ‘What if …….. What could they do then?’

      Protective interrupting
      Protective interrupting is a strategy to prevent students from making a personal
      disclosure in a situation where the student or others who may be exposed to the
      disclosure are vulnerable. The teacher must interrupt the student and invite them to talk
      privately as soon as possible after the lesson.

      Protective interrupting involves the following steps:
      1. Interrupt the child by acknowledging them and preventing further disclosure (eg
           ‘Thank you, it sounds as though you have something important to talk about, why
           don't we have a chat at recess?’)
      2. Be supportive and gently indicate that the child can talk in a more private situation.
      3. Quietly arrange to see the child as soon as possible.
      4. Listen attentively in a private location within the school and reassure the child that
           telling was the right thing to do.
      5. If abuse is disclosed, explain to the child that because they are being harmed you
           need to make sure they are safe and gain some help for them. Do not promise the
           child you will keep it secret.
      6. Reassure the child that the abuse was not their fault.
      7. Explain what is likely to happen next.
      8. Complete the school reporting form for child abuse as soon as possible.

      Language of safety
      The language of safety includes verbal and non-verbal messages that will create a safe
      environment. Language that is respectful, empowering, non-threatening, and inclusive
      and promotes communication is a core element of developing protective behaviours.

CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   13
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

      The teacher should model and students encouraged to use language that is not
      abusive, racist, sexist, violent or victimising. Language can be used to build self-worth,
      confidence and problem solving.

      Network review
      Students need to identify a number of trusted people who they can talk to. Students who
      are isolated may experience difficulty in developing a network and should be made
      aware of services available. Networks must be reviewed regularly to ensure that people
      are suitable, willing and available.

      Persistence
      This is a strategy where students are persistent in seeking help or taking action with a
      person on their network. If a child is not satisfied with the response of one person, they
      try the next person until they feel that they have been heard and got the help needed to
      feel safe.

      Theme reinforcement
      Theme reinforcement is used to ensure that the message is emphasised and clearly
      understood. The themes need to be continually repeated throughout the Protective
      Behaviour lessons and ideally across all learning areas throughout the curriculum.
      Examples of achieving theme reinforcement include: posters, songs or stories.

      Teacher support
      Teaching protective behaviours may arouse feelings that cause distress or concern.
      Teachers should ensure that they have developed their own personal network of trusted
      people with whom they can discuss their reactions or concerns. Counselling is available
      to metropolitan and country teachers through the Prime Employee Assistance Program.


3. Responding to disclosures
One of the objectives of the Protective Behaviours program is to increase a child’s help
seeking behaviours such as telling a person on their network if they feel unsafe. Teachers
may experience feelings of shock, anger and helplessness. It is important to conceal these
feelings as your reactions may adversely affect the child concerned.
Do
      Reassure the child that telling was the right thing to do.
      Allow the child to tell the story in their own words.
      Use protective interrupting if their disclosure is in an inappropriate situation.
      Find a quiet place to talk.
      Let the child know what will happen next.

Don’t
    Dismiss or ignore the disclosure.
    Put words in the child’s mouth, push for details or investigate as this could jeopardise
    the interviewing process of DCP and WA Police.
    Make the child repeat the disclosure to the principal or third party.
    Stop the child from talking even though you may have heard enough to make a report.
    Promise not to tell.
    Confront the person believed to be the abuser.
    Engage in general staffroom discussion about the disclosure.




CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   14
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

4. Skills for life
Research shows that students are more likely to use and understand a life skill that they are
made aware of. It has been proven that students need to rehearse and practise these skills
in order to better understand how to use them effectively. It is important to teach the
students the names of the skills, as well as how to utilise them in a real situation. Learning
the name of a skill will help students to recall on it when needed.

The Department of Education K-10 Syllabus states that life skills can be taught as stand
alone topics or can be integrated throughout a Health program. The Protective Behaviours:
Refining skills for life program engages both these methods to help students develop the
following skills for life in order to empower the students and promote resilience.

     Helpful and positive thinking- which involves skills such as:
     o    understanding links between thoughts/feelings and behaviour; and
     o    positive self-talk.

     Understanding emotions- which involves skills such as:
     o    being aware of a range of feelings;
     o    regulating their own feelings; and
     o    reading others’ emotions.

     Resourcefulness- which involves skills such as:
     o    problem predicting and problem solving;
     o    decision making;
     o    goal setting; and
     o    persistence.

     Relationship skills- which involves skills such as:
     o    group skills;
     o    help seeking and disclosure; and
     o    assertive communication.

     Self-understanding- which involves skills such as:
     o    knowing their own values and how to stand up for them; and
     o    self-reflection.

A successful method for encouraging students to learn and practise these life skills is to have
them on display in the classroom. At the closure to each lesson, teachers can refer back to
these displays and articulate with the students which skills were being practised. A Skills for
life poster has been included in the resources section to put on display in the classroom. The
poster can be kept on display throughout the program to provide the teacher and the
students with a reference of the skills for life they will be practising.




CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                             Not for NEALS   15
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
     Early Adolescence


   Preventive Education and the Health Promoting Schools Framework
The Health Promoting Schools Framework (World Health Organisation, 1986) is widely recognised as a best practice model of promoting health within a school community.
  This framework suggests that positive health outcomes are much more likely when classroom health education is complemented and reinforced by a supportive school
                                                     environment and effective links to family and the community.


                                 Curriculum professional development                                                                 Ethos and environment
                                           for school staff
                                                                                                                  Whole-school approach to protective behaviours, skills for life,
                             Online Professional Learning Protective Behaviours                                   resilience and safety education
                             Online Professional Learning Child Protection                                        Promote a safe, supportive school environment
                             Background information package in resources                                          Promote resilience
                             HPE Newsletter                                                                       Protective Behaviours Safety Guidelines and action plans
                             Professional Learning Seminars                                                       Procedures for student support and incident management
                             SDERA Professional Learning                                                          Help to identify support roles in the school community
                                                                                                                  Promote and facilitate student and staff well-being
                            Resources linked to HPE Learning Area outcomes                                        Preventative Education content planned across all year levels
                             Protective Behaviours K/PP Package                                                   A planned comprehensive cross-curricular approach to preventive
                             Protective Behaviours Years 1-3 Package                                              education across all year levels
                             Protective Behaviours Years 4-7 Package                                              All staff members understand they have a responsibility for
                             Protective Behaviours Years 8-10 Package                                             Protective Behaviours Education in a context of Respectful
                                                                                                                  Relationships Education and National Safe Schools Framework
                             Growing and Developing Healthy Relationships
                                                                                                                  Specific policies related to child protection
                             Mind Matters
                             SDERA Challenges and Choices (K-10)
                             SDERA Getting it together(Drug and Road Education)
                             Keeping in Touch
                             Curriculum Framework
                             K10 HPE Syllabus Overview
                             K10 HPE Integrated Scope and Sequence

                                                                                     Parents/caregiver and community
                                                                             Curriculum Overview Information flyer sent to parents
                                                                             Parent information evenings
                                                                             Parent tab on school website with Protective
                                                                             Behaviours information
                                                                             Forums
                                                                             Information in school newsletters
                                                                             Links with community agencies
                                                                             (eg Child Protection , PBWA)


     CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
     © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                                                                                               Not for NEALS         16
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence



         Content focus
The content focus for Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life consists of scope and sequence statements from the Early Adolescence (8-10)
Syllabus. Teachers will continue to make professional judgements about when to introduce content based on students’ prior learning and
achievement.

Health and Physical Education
                           YEAR 8                                                            YEAR 9                                                   YEAR 10
Context and topics                        Content                  Context and topics                  Content               Context and topics                    Content
Wellness                         Knowledge and                    Wellness                      Knowledge and                Wellness                     Knowledge and
Self-understanding               Understandings                   Self-understanding            Understandings               Self-understanding           Understandings
   developing and                The meaning and                    influences of different     The meaning and                 understanding mental      The meaning and
   maintaining self-             dimensions of health                beliefs and values,        dimensions of health            health issues and their   dimensions of health
   esteem as an                    attitudes and values              including those related      lifestyle behaviours and      impact on self and          social, cultural,
   adolescent                    Growth and                          to sexuality and gender      consequences                  society                     environmental and
   recognition of roles          development                         on self-esteem and         Growth and                   Lifelong relationships         political factors that
                                                                     self-concept               development                                                 influence the
   recognition of changes          behaviours that                                                                             relationships and            community’s health
   in responsibilities             influence growth and             mental health issues          how to enhance the           community support to         and attitudes
                                   development                    Developing respectful           health of self and           enhance relationships
   well-being balancing                                                                                                                                     community strategies
                                 Social-emotional well            relationships                   others
   the social, emotional,                                                                                                      mental health services       to promote health
   physical and mental           being                              building and                  assessing the impact of
                                                                                                  emotional and mental         dealing with negative      Growth and
   mental health                   different types of               maintaining positive
                                                                                                  health on behaviours         relationships              development
                                   relationships                    relationships as an
Types and nature of                                                 adolescent                    the positive and             health promotions –          lifestyle behaviours and
relationships                      values and beliefs                                                                          government support for       their impact on society
                                                                    understanding changing        negative effects of peer
   importance of family          Ways to keep healthier                                           pressure on health           building positive            societal cohesion
                                                                    relationships
   and peers                     and safer                                                        behaviours                   relationships
                                                                    applying social skills to                                                               the impact of stress
   factors influencing             managing risk                                                Social-emotional well          relationships in the         and strategies to
                                                                    different situations and
   relationships                   strategies to enhance                                        being                          work place                   manage stress
                                                                    relationships
   relating appropriately in       resilience                                                     strategies to manage         enhancing personal         Social-emotional well
                                                                    cyber bullying
   relationships                   rules, laws, policies to                                       relationships                health and the health of   being
                                   promote health                   SMS bullying                                               others
   qualities of positive                                                                        Ways to keep healthier                                      strategies to enhance
   relationships                   enhancing                        seeking advice and help     and safer                      communicating                and encourage societal
                                   environments                   Enhancing resilience as                                      effectively in the           cohesion
   rights and                                                                                     plans to avoid and
                                   factors to consider for a      an adolescent                   manage risk                  community
   responsibilities in
                                   safe learning                                                                               public health
                                                                                                  harm minimisation and
CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                                                                                                Not for NEALS          17
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

   relationships                   environment                       thinking optimistically      coping strategies            services/agencies           Ways to keep healthier
  appreciating diversity         Resources and                       making connections           rules laws and policies      domestic violence           and safer
Power in relationships           consumer skills                                                  to promote safety          Inclusivity                     risk management in the
                                                                     promoting positive
                                   health                                                         actions and strategies                                     community
   types of power                                                    attitudes                                                 discrimination,
                                   services/agencies                                              to promote                                                 taking action to
  peer pressure                                                      protective behaviours –                                   harassment and
                                 Learning physical                                                health – enhancing                                         maintain their own and
                                                                     Plan A/Plan B                                             vilification
Being resilient as an            activities                                                       physical and social                                        others’ mental and
adolescent                                                           time management              environments               Resilience                      emotional health
                                   factors to consider for a
   coping and responding                                             strategies to seek help    Resources and                  managing change               preventative measures
                                   safe learning
   to change and                   environment                       benefits of support        consumer skills                coping with loss and          strategies to minimise
   challenge                                                                                      factors that influence       grief                         harmful or risky
   identifying fears and                                                                          access and use of            coping with breakdown         behaviours and
                                 Self-management                  Safety                          health services                                            hazardous situations
   feelings                                                                                                                    of relationships
                                 Skills                           Safety me and others            health information
   dealing with conflicting                                                                                                    reaching out                  rules, laws and policies
   demands                       Understanding                       going out                    about safety                                               to promote a safe
                                 emotions                                                                                                                    physical and social
   creating connections –                                            strategies to keep safe
                                    how to identify the                                                                      Safety                          environment
   friendships and                                                   identification and         Self-management
                                    different types of                                                                       Managing risk                 Resources and
   belonging
                                    emotions and ways                 protection against        Skills
                                                                                                                               strategies to deal with     consumer skills
  protective strategies             they are expressed                unsafe situations         Understanding
                                                                                                emotions                       personal safety issues        sources and access to
Recognising abuse                   how to take cultural             factors influencing risk
                                                                                                                               in an uncontrolled            health information for
                                    differences into                 taking                       strategies to identify,
  feelings and warning                                                                                                         environment                   different communities
  signals                           account in self-                 recognising, assessing       interpret and monitor
                                                                                                  influences on ‘the self’     influences on health          factors that influence a
                                    understanding                    and responding to risk
  protective strategies                                                                                                         decision making model        community’s ability to
                                    ways to enhance our              situations                   how to examine the            and risk behaviours          access and use health
                                    self-understanding            Road safety and our             influence of others on                                     services
Safety                                                                                            self-understanding         Driving and socialising
                                 Managing emotions                attitudes and
Safety with                                                       behaviours                      how to track and             responsible driver and
                                    how to manage                                                                              passenger behaviour         Self-management
independence                                                         laws and rules               challenge the
                                    emotions                                                                                                               Skills
                                                                                                  connection between           skills and attitudes that
  gaining independence              strategies to cope with          risk taking                  thoughts, feelings and       support safe road           Understanding
  and the risks it brings           emotions                         positive choices             behaviours                   behaviour                   emotions
  positive and negative          Reviewing the situation                                          how to limit the impact    Environmental health            how to examine the
  risks
                                    factors to consider                                           of peer pressure                                           influence of others
  settings and                                                                                                                 making our
                                    when choosing the                                           Managing emotions              environment safer and         strategies to cope with
  circumstances where               most appropriate
  risk taking occurs                                                                              how to manage                healthier                     influences
                                    person for help
                                                                                                  emotions and limit the       workplace health and          strategies to cope with
  protective behaviours          Planning before                                                  impact of value laden        safety                        outside influences on
Safety in community              deciding                                                         judgements                                                 self-understanding
  rights and                        strategies to assert                                          strategies to owning                                     Managing emotions
  responsibilities                  themselves                                                    and taking
                                                                                                                                                             community strategies
  safe practices near            Deciding and acting                                              responsibility for
                                                                                                                                                             that are used to cope
CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                                                                                               Not for NEALS            18
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

  buses/trains                     ways to apply the                                           emotional health of self     with intense emotions
  passenger safety                 decision making model                                       and others                   in particular situations
  safety on wheels               Monitoring and                                                ways to identify             strategies to cope with
                                 evaluation                                                    emotional states and         and reduce stress
  aquatic safety                                                                               proposed strategies to
                                   skills and actions to                                                                  Deciding and acting
                                   cope with overt and                                         cope with them
                                                                                                                            how to analyse
                                   covert peer influence                                       strategies to monitor        community measures
                                   how to review the                                           thoughts, emotions and       used to protect
                                   effectiveness of                                            physical feelings that       individuals
                                   strategies to resilience                                    influence personal
                                                                                                                          Reviewing the situation
                                                                                               identity and the
                                   how decisions can                                                                        preventative measure
                                                                                               behaviour of others
                                   affect health and safety                                                                 strategies to create
                                                                                               ways to enhance self-
                                                                                                                            awareness and limit
                                                                                               confidence
                                 Interpersonal Skills                                                                       fallout
                                                                                             Reviewing the situation
                                 Communicating                                                                            Monitoring and
                                                                                               how to apply the           evaluating
                                    ways to adapt                                              decision making model
                                    communication skills                                                                    strategies to monitor
                                                                                               when considering
                                                                                                                            and evaluate decisions
                                    active listening skills to                                 beliefs and values;
                                    establish relationships                                    predicting risks and         how to analyse
                                                                                               benefits                     individual and group
                                    how to read body                                                                        decisions and the
                                    language                                                   how to select people         effects they have on
                                 Building and nurturing                                         and services that can       the environment and
                                 relationships                                                  help                        the health and safety of
                                    how to behave                                            Planning before                themselves and others
                                    appropriately in varying                                 deciding
                                    relationships/situations                                    strategies to assert
                                                                                                individual rights and
                                                                                                                          Interpersonal Skills
                                 Preventing and                                                                           Communicating
                                 managing conflict                                              predict the
                                                                                                consequence of               active listening skills to
                                    ways to deal                                                actions                      enhance relationships
                                    appropriately with
                                    conflict                                                                                 communication skills to
                                                                                             Interpersonal Skills            manage conflict of
                                    ways to deal                                                                             values
                                    appropriately with                                       Communicating
                                    teasing/bullying                                                                      Building and nurturing
                                                                                               ways to establish
                                                                                                                          relationships
                                    how to apply assertive                                     effective
                                    skills                                                     communication                 ways to build and
                                                                                               showing empathy,              influence relationships
                                    risk evaluation                                                                          within the community
                                    strategies                                                 tolerance and
                                                                                               sensitivity                   how to treat others
                                                                                               ways to communicate           when in a position of
                                                                                               effectively when there        power
CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                                                              Not for NEALS               19
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

                                 Cooperating and                                                is conflict                  strategies to limit
                                 collaborating in groups                                        how to recognise and         negative influences
                                    ways to cooperate with                                      respond to the            Preventing and
                                    peers to enhance                                            emotional states of       managing conflict
                                    safety                                                      others                       how to manage/resolve
                                    strategies to deal with                                     ways to communicate          conflict when in a
                                    exclusion                                                   in a range of social         position of power
                                 Leading, initiating and                                        situations                   ways of selecting,
                                 facilitating                                                Building and nurturing          applying and adjusting
                                    ways to organise and                                     relationships                   assertion
                                    manage groups                                               how to build                 ways to minimise
                                    leadership skills to                                        relationships with           potential conflict
                                    enhance safety                                              unfamiliar others            harm minimisation
                                                                                                ways to cope with            skills
                                                                                                dysfunctional                ways to cope with
                                                                                                relationships                change/conflict/challen
                                                                                                how to demonstrate           ging situations
                                                                                                acceptable and               negotiation skills
                                                                                                appropriate behaviour
                                                                                                                          Leading, initiating and
                                                                                                ways to cope with         facilitating
                                                                                                changes in
                                                                                                relationships                leadership strategies
                                                                                                                             when supporting others
                                                                                                how to consider rights
                                                                                                of other                     how to express
                                                                                                                             feelings, needs, ideas,
                                                                                             Preventing and
                                                                                                                             empathy and support
                                                                                             managing conflict
                                                                                                                             to others in a socially
                                                                                                assertive                    and culturally
                                                                                                communication skills to      appropriate manner
                                                                                                manage conflict
                                                                                                negotiation skills
                                                                                                problem solving skills
                                                                                                ways to minimise harm
                                                                                                through selection and
                                                                                                planning assertion
                                                                                                techniques
                                                                                             Leading, initiating and
                                                                                             facilitating
                                                                                                leadership strategies




CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                                                              Not for NEALS            20
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence




         What will I do in my classroom?
This section contains a series of detailed learning and teaching activities and supporting resources with a Health and Physical Education focus.
For detailed information on the links to the Early Adolescence (8-10) Syllabus refer to the content focus for this series of lessons. By clicking on
the attachment tab, you can access this section as a word document.

Health and Physical Education
          Content                        Lesson focus                                           Activities and monitoring                                           Resources
Wellness | Safety
YEAR 8                               Theme 1: We all have                                             Lesson 1: Feelings                                        Resource 1: Strength
Knowledge and                        the right to feel safe                                                                                                     cards
Understandings                       at all times                                                                                                               Resource 2: Theme
                                                                      Observation and monitoring:
The meaning and                         Establish students’                                                                                                     posters
                                                                      During the lesson note the students who are able to:
dimensions of health                    base line of                                                                                                            Resource 3: Safety
                                        knowledge                          identify when they feel safe                                                         brainstorm
  attitudes and values
                                        Students to                        describe how they are feeling in different contexts and situations                   Resource 4: Skills for
Ways to keep healthier
and safer                               understand Theme 1                 analyse and discuss the Bill of Rights                                               life poster
                                        and be aware that it                                                                                                    KWL chart, KWHL
  rules, laws, policies to              relates to them as
  promote health                                                      Learning experiences:                                                                     chart and X-chart
                                        well as everyone                                                                                                        from Teacher toolkit
  enhancing environments                else                          1. Introduce the Protective Behaviours program.                                           templates
  factors to consider for a             Develop/reinforce                        Write the words ‘Protective Behaviours’ on the whiteboard.
  safe learning                                                                                                                                                 Summary of the UN
                                        students’                                Divide the class into small groups. Provide each group a KWL chart or          Convention on the
  environment                           understanding of                         KWHL chart. Ask each group to discuss the topic and then summarise             Rights of the Child
Self-management Skills                  rights and                               the KWL chart (know, want to know, learnt) or KWHL chart (know,                available at
Understanding emotions                  responsibilities                         want to know, how to learn it, learnt). Jigsaw the answers from each           http://www.unicef.org
  how to identify the                   Explore the range of                     group to provide a class list.                                                 /magic/media/docum
  different types of                    emotions/feelings                        Summarise the class thoughts on Protective Behaviours and create a             ents/what_rights_flye
  emotions and ways they                that may be                              class KWL or KWHL chart.                                                       r_english.pdf
  are expressed                         experienced                                                                                                             or the book For
                                                                                 Explain the importance of the Protective Behaviours program to the
Interpersonal Skills                    Develop an                               students by saying, ‘The Protective Behaviours program is very                 Every Child - the UN
Building and nurturing                  understanding that                       important because it teaches us how to feel, be and keep safe.                 Convention on the
                                        feelings differ                          Protective Behaviours provides opportunities to develop skills for life        rights of the child in
CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                                                                                           Not for NEALS           21
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

relationships                           between people and                     that can be applied to a range of contexts and situations. These skills            words and pictures
  how to behave                         situations, and that                   are essential to help keep you feel, be and keep safe throughout your              UNICEF
  appropriately in varying              this is ok                             life. Now that you are getting older there are different situations that you       Pictures/photos of
  relationships/situations              Students to be able                    might find yourself in where you feel unsafe. It is still really important         landscapes from
                                        to visualise their                     that you remember that you all have the right to feel safe at all times            calendars/books
                                        safe place                             whether you are 3 years old or 13 years old. The Protective Behaviours
YEAR 9                                                                                                                                                            Blank paper
                                                                               programs talks about feelings, safe and unsafe risk taking, safe and
Knowledge and                                                                  unsafe secrets, persisting in asking for help from people on your                  Writing/drawing tools
Understandings                                                                 network and respecting personal space. The Protective Behaviours                   Whiteboard
Growth and development                                                         program teaches us that each of you are very important people. Let’s               Whiteboard markers
                                                                               start by finding out what your strengths are’.
  how to enhance the                                                                                                                                              Resource 26:
  health of self and others                                           2.    Feelings activity:                                                                    Emotions
Ways to keep healthier                                                          Discuss skills for life and the importance for using positive self-talk with      Background
and safer                                                                       the students. The Skills for life poster (Resource 4) can be displayed to         information on
                                                                                help reinforce these skills.                                                      Protective
  rules laws and policies to
  promote safety                                                                Spread the Strength cards (Resource 1) out on a table/bench area.                 interrupting from the
                                                                                Ask students to select one or two cards they feel, or someone has told            Importance of
  actions and strategies to
                                                                                them, reflects some of their strengths.                                           Protective
  promote health –
                                                                                                                                                                  Behaviours section
  enhancing physical and                                                        Invite students to share the choices they have made and why they made
  social environments                                                           them.
Self-management Skills                                                         Each student then cuts out the question cards (Resource 1) and assigns
Understanding emotions                                                         strengths to each of the questions, or provides a written response.
  how to track and                                                             Discuss with others to compare.
  challenge the connection                                            3.    Set the parameters:
  between thoughts,                                                              Explain to students what can and cannot be discussed. Disclosures of
  feelings and behaviours                                                        personal things need to be addressed with the teacher after class.
Managing emotions                                                                Explain protective interrupting to ensure students know which personal
  strategies to owning and                                                       things should not be shared with the group. Information on protective
  taking responsibility for                                                      interrupting is provided in the section ‘Importance of teaching Protective
  emotional health of self                                                       Behaviours’.
  and others                                                                     Set group guidelines such as the teacher cannot keep unsafe secrets
  strategies to monitor                                                          and must share any information with authorities that is relevant.
  thoughts, emotions and
                                                                                 Discuss group norms and then create group norms for the class.
  physical feelings that
  influence personal                                                  4.    Introduce Theme 1: discuss Theme 1 with the students.
  identity and the                                                              Write it on the board to keep it displayed for the duration of the lesson.
  behaviour of others                                                           Show students the Theme posters (Resource 2) and use as a template
Interpersonal Skills                                                            for them to create their own to be displayed around the classroom.
CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                                                                                             Not for NEALS           22
Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
Early Adolescence

Building and nurturing                                                5.     Group discussion: Theme 1
relationships                                                              Dissect Theme 1 using an X-chart format where students include at least
  how to demonstrate                                                       five words to describe each of the following sections of the theme:
  acceptable and                                                                ‘We all’ – who do we mean by all? Make sure students understand that
  appropriate behaviour                                                         each of them are included in ‘all’.
                                                                                ‘have the right’ – what is a right? Something we are born with, that
YEAR 10                                                                         cannot be bestowed or taken away by someone else.
Knowledge and                                                                   ‘to feel safe’ – why feel safe rather than be safe? We cannot guarantee
Understandings                                                                  that we are going to be safe in every situation, however we have the
The meaning and                                                                 right to feel safe.
dimensions of health                                                            ‘at all times’ – what do we mean by all? Day, night, today, tomorrow,
  social, cultural,                                                             yesterday, 24/7.
  environmental and                                                           Ask students to brainstorm what safety means to them using the Safety
  political factors that                                                      brainstorm activity sheet (Resource 3).
  influence the
                                                                      6.    UN Convention on the Rights of the Child
  community’s health and
  attitudes                                                                     Discuss what a child is in the terms of the law: someone under the age
Social-emotional well                                                           of 18, or someone who appears under the age of 18 without proper
being                                                                           identification.
  strategies to enhance                                                         Explain to the students the history of the UN Convention on the Rights of
  and encourage societal                                                        the Child. It was developed in 1989 to protect children from
  cohesion                                                                      discrimination, neglect and abuse. The Convention includes civil,
                                                                                political, economic, social and cultural rights.
Ways to keep healthier
and safer                                                                       Hand out a copy of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child to the
                                                                                students.
  rules, laws and policies
  to promote a safe                                                            Discuss the skills for life of self-understanding and emphasise the
  physical and social                                                          importance of knowing own values and how to stand up for them.
  environment                                                         7.    Group discussion: Rights and responsibilities
Self-management Skills                                                          Discuss with the students that with rights comes responsibility. That is if
Understanding emotions                                                          we all have the right to feel safe, do we have the responsibility to ensure
  strategies to cope with                                                       other people feel safe?
  outside influences on                                                         Focus on articles 12, 14, 16, 24, and 28.
  self-understanding                                                            Discuss a ‘Bill of Rights’.
Deciding and acting                                                   8.    Bill of Rights activity:
  how to analyse                                                                Ask students to form groups of four or five.
  community measures
  used to protect                                                               Using the following scenario, the groups must create a Bill of Rights with

CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education
© Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010
                                                                                                                                                         Not for NEALS   23
Cispb010  final (8-10)
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The OERs: Transforming Education for Sustainable Future by Dr. Sarita Anand
 

Cispb010 final (8-10)

  • 1. Years 8-10 Protective Behaviours: Early Refining skills for life Adolescence Health and Physical Featured text Chicken Soup for Education the Kid’s Soul Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life is a program of work intended for use by teachers of students in Years 8-10. It provides teaching strategies linked to the Early Adolescence (8-10) Syllabus scope and sequence statements. Teachers should use their professional judgement to decide how much of the content to address with any particular class according to the students’ needs and abilities. Chicken Soup for the Kid’s Soul: 101 stories of courage, hope and laughter for kids aged 8-12 By Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen and Irene Dunlap This book contains a collection of courageous stories written by children, teenagers and celebrities. The stories cover topics of persistence, relationships, problem-solving, goal setting and decision making. Chicken Soup for the Kid’s Soul by Jack Canfield, Mark Victor Hansen, Patty Hansen and Irene Dunlap, published by Health Communication Inc. Reproduced with permission of Health Communication Inc. Lesson plans developed by Protective Behaviours WA (Inc), Senior Editor, Justine O'Malley in collaboration with the Department of Education WA. This resource contains various images from © Thinkstock, 2010 and © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 used under licence. CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS
  • 2. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Table of contents Overview 1 About this resource 2 What do I need to know? 3 Importance of teaching 8 Protective Behaviours Content focus 17 What will I do in my 21 classroom? Lesson plans 21 Resources 58 1 What if..? Questions to promote problem solving 117 skills Teacher toolkit 120 Teacher toolkit templates 134 Protective Behaviours 157 order form CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS
  • 3. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Lesson themes Theme 1: We all have the right to feel safe at ALL times Overview Theme 2: We can talk with someone about anything no matter what it is Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Lesson 3 Theme 1 Theme 1 Theme 1 Developing a range of Early warning signs Stages of safety continuum feelings Safe and unsafe risk taking Minimising risk Rights and responsibilities Lesson 4 Lesson 5 Lesson 6 Theme 2 Theme 2 Theme 2 Safe versus unsafe secrets Networks Definition of persistence Minimising risk scenarios How to talk/listen to Persistence as a strategy someone on your network Lesson 7 Lesson 8 Lesson 9 Lesson 10 Theme 2 Theme 2 Theme 2 Program review Public versus private Safe and unsafe touches Assertiveness Review of personal network Internet safety Personal space Saying no CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours – Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 1
  • 4. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence About this resource Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life is a series of ten lessons which encourages the learning and development of skills for life in order for students to feel, be and keep safe. Teachers are encouraged to implement the full series of ten lessons into their school program to ensure that the content identified in the Health and Physical Education learning area of the Early Adolescence (8-10) Syllabus is addressed. Lessons can be taught in isolation but would not address the full range of content. Cross curricular activities and opportunities have been included in the program. If you feel uncomfortable teaching certain aspects of the Protective Behaviours program, there are a number of agencies that are available to teach the content or assist you with the delivery of the content. Phase/s of Learning Early Childhood Middle Childhood Early Adolescence Late Adolescence 8-10 Learning Area/s Languages The Arts English H&PE Mathematics Science S&E T&E (LOTE) x Values Pursuit of Respect & knowledge & Self acceptance concern for Social & civic Environmental commitment to & respect of self others & their responsibility responsibility achievement of rights potential x x x x This resource includes: advice to teachers about the resource the focus of teaching showing links to the Early Adolescence (8-10) Syllabus an overview of lessons and related resources learning and teaching activities, monitoring suggestions and supporting resources Teachers should use their professional judgement to decide how much of the content to address with their particular class. CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 2
  • 5. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence What do I need to know? Children Children enter the classroom bringing with them experiences gained from their family, community, culture and place. They bring their diverse experiences, perspectives, expectations, knowledge and skills to their learning. It is important that teachers ascertain children’s prior knowledge before beginning a program of work to determine ways of supporting all children to learn. Opportunities to work in pairs and in large and small groups provide contexts for children to engage in oral language build new relationships and co-operate with others. They learn to communicate their needs and emotions while recognising and being aware of the needs and emotions of others. Research shows that students are more likely to use and understand a life skill that they have practiced repeatedly. It is also important that students are made aware if and when they are using a life skill in order that they better understand that life skills can be used in a range of situations. These skills need to be taught throughout all phases of learning over a range of contexts and situations in order that students have opportunities to practice, understand and master them. Teacher Teaching Protective Behaviours – some fundamental principles When introducing and teaching Protective Behaviours, teachers must ensure that the content of the program is supported and reflected in the creation of a safe learning environment. More information on strategies for teaching a Protective Behaviours program can be found in the Teacher toolkit section of this program. Supporting Aboriginal children Aboriginal children generally enter the school learning environment with a rich cultural background and as proficient communicators in their home language. While some children may have little or no understanding of English, others may understand and use an English dialect (Aboriginal English). Aboriginal children are more likely to thrive in a classroom in which their cultural background and home language is acknowledged and respected. Immersion in oral language in intended teaching and play contexts enhances the ability of Aboriginal children to learn in Standard Australian English (SAE). Continually rephrasing and restating and providing visual cues in the form of photographs, illustrations and demonstrations increase the likelihood of children understanding and participating in explanations, discussions and conversations in SAE. Aboriginal children may need support in asking and responding to direct questions. Providing explanations before asking direct questions ensures that every child has the opportunity to respond and experience success (eg This is the title. The title tells us the name of the story. What is this?). Aboriginal children are more likely to respond to questions if they understand why they are being asked questions (eg I want to know what you know, I do not know a lot about home talk so I need you to tell me). For further information on supporting Aboriginal children, teachers are advised to access the following resources via the Department portal: Aboriginal languages resource file (Resource ID: DETK102110) contains an online gallery of images suitable for printing and photocopying CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 3
  • 6. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Aboriginal perspectives across the curriculum (APAC) provides information on how to broaden and deepen children’s and teachers’ understandings of Aboriginal cultures and ways of being. It can be accessed at det.wa.edu.au/education/apac Embedding Indigenous perspectives across the curriculum is a national project that supports teachers in exploring and better understanding the diversity of Aboriginal peoples’ distinct values, histories, languages, cultural beliefs and practices: embeddingindigenousperspectives.edu.au It is important that approaches to protective behaviour strategies take the cultural backgrounds of the students (and their families/carers) into respectful consideration. This is especially important if the norms of behaviour of the school are not consistent with those of the home. These norms can include any area such as parenting, discipline, social dynamics or language. The difference in behaviours and expectations between home and school may not only cause confusion for the students, but it may also cause friction with the families. When giving advice, any of the specific challenges and stressors that face families who are culturally and linguistically diverse must be taken into account. These challenges include: Migration stress; Acculturative stress; Displaced sense of belonging and cultural identity; Perceived or experienced racism and discrimination; Intergenerational conflict; Low standard Australian English proficiency; Insufficient awareness of institutional systems and local services available; Loss or lack of extended family, social and community supports; Negative previous experiences in education; Poor settlement experience in period after arrival in new country, and Socioeconomic disadvantage. (Adapted from Sawrikar, 2009) Therefore approaching advice must be done with care. A qualified cultural mediator who may be, for example, a respected elder in the community, an appropriate community member who speaks the same language as the those concerned or a local Aboriginal and Islander Education Officer (for Aboriginal students) will be able to greatly assist in dealing with protective behaviour strategies. The learning, teaching, assessment cycle The learning, teaching, assessment cycle begins with what the children know and can do. Therefore it is recommended that teachers gather quality information about the abilities of their children before beginning any program of work. This information will guide teachers in using their professional judgement to decide on when to introduce content based on children’s prior learning and achievement. The following resources are recommended to assist teachers in providing a differentiated curriculum for children in their classes and can be found via the Department portal: Early Childhood (K-3) Syllabus scope and sequence documents provide advice on what to teach children at each year level in all eight learning areas. Some pre-primary children may be ready to learn and be taught content for Year 1. Literacy and Numeracy Resources are practical resources that have been developed to support teachers to improve the literacy and numeracy skills of children. CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 4
  • 7. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Literacy Net and Numeracy Net can be used to track the development of children and assist teachers in making judgements about what to teach. First Steps Literacy and First Steps Numeracy materials help teachers to be more strategic about what to teach, how to teach it, when to teach it and, more importantly, why. Otitis media The ability to hear the sounds of the English language is critical for literacy learning. Otitis media (middle ear infection) may result in conductive hearing loss and can have a severe impact on learning. One of the strategies for decreasing the occurrence of otitis media is Breathe, Blow, Cough (BBC). Information on otitis media and BBC can be found on the Aboriginal Education Directorate web page on the Department of Education website - det.wa.edu.au/aboriginaleducation/detcms/portal. Resources used in the program Resource kit Teachers/schools have the option to purchase a resource kit from Protective Behaviours WA to support the program. A Protective Behaviours WA resource order form has been included at the end of this resource. The prices of resources and their availability are correct at time of writing. Books Castle, C 2000, For Every Child, Phyllis Fogelman Books, New York Krovatin, C 2004, The Best Ghost Stories Ever, Turtleback Books, St Louis USA Johnsen, K 1986, The Trouble with Secrets, Parenting Press Inc, Seattle, Washington USA Thomas, R 2002, The Paper Bag Baby, Red Fox, London UK Canfield, J, Hansen, M, Hansen & P, Dunlap, I 1998, Chicken Soup for the Kid’s Soul: 101 Stories of Courage, Hope and Laughter, Health Communications Inc, Deerfield Beach, Florida USA Marsden, J 1993, Tomorrow, When the War Began, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia Marsden, J 1994, The Dead of the Night, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia Marsden, J 1995, The Third Day, the Frost, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia Marsden, J 1996, Darkness be my Friend, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia Marsden, J 1997, Burning for Revenge, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia Marsden, J 1998, The Night is for Hunting, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia Marsden, J 1999, The Other Side of the Dawn, Pan Macmillan Publishers, Australia Other useful resources Songs There are many songs that can be used to develop the concepts of Protective Behaviours. Specific songs about Protective Behaviours can be purchased from Protective Behaviours WA. Teachers can also source many engaging songs that have meaning to the topics and concepts of Protective Behaviours. CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 5
  • 8. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence The CD Sing yourself safe is a useful resource which compliments the themes and learning experiences in the Protective Behaviours program. A copy of the first verse and chorus of these songs has been included in as resource 27. The songs cover topics of early warning signs, feelings, feeling safe, saying no, public and private, persistence and secrets. The CD can be purchased from Safe4Kids, Protective Behaviours WA and Wooldridges. Other songs used in the resource include: ‘Wibbly the wombat’ by Jayne Heskett Books Abdel-Fattah, R 2006, Ten things I Hate About Me, Pan Macmillan Australia Pty Ltd, Sydney, Australia Brugman, A 2002, Walking Naked, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, Australia Byars, B 1973, The Eighteenth Emergency, The Bodley Head, United Kingdom Dumbleton, M 2003, Watch Out for Jamie Joel, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest, Australia Murphy, K 2005, The King of Whatever, Penguin Books Australia Ltd, Camberwell, Victoria Paterson, K 1977, Bridge to Terabithia, Harper Collins, United Kingdom Websites Child Health Promotion Research Centre – established at Edith Cowan University, Western Australia, to improve the overall physical, emotional, mental health and well-being of children and young people and their families through high-quality, applied research. Website at: http://www.chprc.ecu.edu.au Summary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child from the UNICEF website at http://www.unicef.org ThinkUKnow http://www.thinkyouknow.org.au The Line http://www.theline.gov.au Cybersmart http://www.cybersmart.gov.au Protective Behaviours WA http://www.protectivebehaviourswa.org.au/ Children’s Safety Australia website: posters and other resources http://www.childsafety.org.au/resources.html Safe4Kids http://www.safe4kids.com.au Childwise http://www.childwise.net CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 6
  • 9. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Teacher resources Laws, C & Moore, A 2009, Protective Behaviours: Early Learning, The Protective Behaviours Consultancy Group of NSW, Sydney. Children’s Protections Society 2003, Protective behaviours: A personal safety program, Lesson Plan level: 1 & 2, Children’s Protections Society, West Heidelberg, Vic. Teacher resources accessible though the Department of Education website Breathe, Blow, Cough CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 7
  • 10. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Importance of teaching Protective Behaviours Background information Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life is a living skills and personal safety program. The aim is to strengthen the resilience of students as they grow and develop. It focuses on giving students life skills to protect themselves from abusive situations and on teaching students to avoid a wide range of potentially unsafe situations. Why do we need Protective Behaviours? Because 96% of abused children are abused by someone known and trusted by them (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2000-2001). 1 in 4 girls and 1 in 7 boys are sexually abused in Australia before they reach the age of 18 (Australian Institute of Criminology 2004). To help protect children as we simply cannot be with them every minute of the day. To empower children with the right to feel safe and act to keep themselves safe. To give children and adults permission to talk about problems they face. 1 in 5 respondents lacked confidence/knowledge on what to do if they suspected child abuse (Australian Childhood Foundation Report 2006). Only 3% of children will ever tell of their abuse (Savi Report 2004). What does Protective Behaviours aim to do? Statistical data shows that students are more likely to be harmed by someone they know rather than someone they do not know. There are many personal safety issues that our students are exposed to. We are now more aware of the physical and emotional trauma of bullying, cyber bullying, exclusions, sexual abuse, physical abuse, emotional abuse and living with domestic violence. Our students are potentially exposed to a wide range of situations that put them at risk that could cause them short and long term physical and emotional harm and violate their basic rights. Teaching preventative strategies is a proactive way to strengthen our students’ ability to keep themselves safe and minimise risk. It is important students develop personal safety and resilience skills from a well presented and structured program. For child abuse prevention programs to be of value they need to be taught over time and constantly reinforced. Protective Behaviours can be used by students and adults to keep themselves safe and works towards reducing violence in the community. It provides the basis for helping students be safe and stay safe from the risks that surround us in everyday lives. The Protective Behaviours beliefs and skills: are lifelong; are for a range of places where we might be unsafe – at home, at school, in the community; and can be applied to a range of unsafe situations including physical abuse, family violence, sexual abuse, bullying, emotional abuse and verbal abuse. How is Abuse Categorised? CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 8
  • 11. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Physical abuse Deliberate, ill treatment commonly characterised by physical injury and harm. Physical harm or maltreatment is caused to the child as a result of practices such as biting, beating, shaking, scalding, burning, punching, kicking, shoving and breaking bones. Physical indicators of physical abuse: Bruises Welts Burns Cuts Missing teeth Fractures Self mutilation Clumps of hair missing Bite marks Swelling Behavioural indicators of physical abuse: Fear of going home Injuries that are not consistent with the explanation that the child gave Evasive answers to questions Avoidance of issues, questions and situations Disclosure of abuse directly to a teacher or adult or indirectly to friend Sexual abuse Sexual abuse is when an adult or young person uses their power, authority or force to involve a child in sexual activity. Includes a range of behaviours including oral sex; touching a child’s genitals; exhibitionism; any form of penetration; any exposure to or involvement in child pornography; molesting; and fondling. Physical indicators of sexual abuse: Bruises or bleeding in genital area Blood stained underwear Pregnancy or fear of pregnancy Urinary tract infections Pain, swelling or itching in genital area Sexually transmitted infection CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 9
  • 12. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Massive weight change Behavioural indicators of sexual abuse: Disclosure of involvement in sexual activity directly to an adult Indirectly disclosing to a friend or acquaintance Possession of pornographic material Reluctance to change clothes in front of others Inappropriate sex play or premature understanding of sex Threatened by physical contact, closeness Fear of going home Injuries that are not consistent with the explanation that the child gave States of fear are evident, eg. anxiety, depression, socially withdrawn Poor peer relationships Inappropriate expressions of affection Evidence of sexual themes evident in play, artwork, stories or actions Emotional Abuse Where persistent and consistent inappropriate behaviour undermines and erodes the emotional development and wellbeing of an individual. Involves such abuse as humiliation, intimidation and threats. Physical indicators of emotional abuse: Symptoms of stress Bedwetting Diarrhoea Lethargy or fatigue Eating disorders Psychosomatic complaints Failure to thrive Speech disorders Behavioural Indicators: Mental or emotional developmental lags Behaviours inappropriate for age Poor peer relationships Extreme attention seeking behaviours Run away attempts Attempted suicide Low self esteem CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 10
  • 13. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Truancy or school avoidance Excessive shyness or withdrawal Severe depression Violence is a subject for art or writing Habit disorders Neglect The failure to provide reasonable care where the result can be detrimental to development and wellbeing. Children may be neglected when they do not receive food, care and attention. Physical indicators: Unexplained bruises Poor hygiene Constant fatigue Consistent hunger Inappropriate dress Inadequate nutrition Unattended medical needs Developmental delays Behavioural Indicators: Self destructive Frequently absent Tardiness Regular displays of fatigue Early arrival at school or reluctant to leave It is important to note that not any single indicator proves that abuse is taking place, but the repeated presence of an indicator or a combination of indicators should raise concerns to educators of the possibility of abuse. CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 11
  • 14. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Protective Behaviours themes Theme 1 Theme 2 We all have the right to We can talk with someone about feel safe at all times anything no matter what it is Key Concepts Key Concepts Early Warning Signs Safety Networks Body signals Feeling safe Asking for help Specific, internal, Recognising safety Relationships physical sensations Rights and Communicating with Feelings and responsibilities and supporting others reactions Secrets and surprises Inviting people to be Minimising risk on your network Safety continuum Persistence Personal space Strategies for teaching Protective Behaviours 1. Desensitised early warning signs When reviewing early warning signs it is necessary to consider that not all students may experience early warning signs for a variety of reasons. Some students may have become desensitised through previous or current traumatic experiences or have sensory disorders. The concept of early warning signs is expanded beyond physical responses of the body to unsafe situations to include emotional responses and external indicators such as time or location 2. Creating the learning environment It is important that teachers are provided with the skills and strategies to build an atmosphere of trust and confidence. Protective Behaviours education can generate strong feelings, therefore it is important that the teacher is resourced with strategies and skills to emphasise strengths and positive feelings, develop trust and build communication. Such strategies include: Parent/caregiver involvement Group norms Ground rules One step removed Protective Interrupting Language of safety Network review Persistence Theme reinforcement Teacher support CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 12
  • 15. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Parent/carer involvement Even though parental consent is not necessary, parents still need to be informed about the curriculum content and how they may be involved in reinforcing the themes. Group norms Group norms are behaviours that form part of regular classroom activities. They include the behaviours formed from group discussions and are usually generated by the students themselves. Group norms are part of a protective strategy to prevent disclosure of personal or distressing events. Examples of group norms include: listening to others; talk when it is your turn; don’t talk about something that has happened to yourself or your family; if you don’t want to talk about something – you don’t have too, just pass. Ground rules Establish ground rules. This is important as it helps provide a safe environment for students to express their opinions. These can include: o Only one person to talk at a time o Use appropriate language – this includes appropriate terminology o Racially or sexist language o Show respect for the views of others o Allow everyone to express their views One step removed One step removed is a third person strategy that allows students to practise a skill in a non-threatening situation without disclosing personal or family information. Students are presented with a potentially abusive situation such as a story or picture and asked what the person could do to keep safe. For younger students puppets, songs and scenarios could be used to problem solve. Questions could include, ’What could someone do to keep safe?’ or ‘What if …….. What could they do then?’ Protective interrupting Protective interrupting is a strategy to prevent students from making a personal disclosure in a situation where the student or others who may be exposed to the disclosure are vulnerable. The teacher must interrupt the student and invite them to talk privately as soon as possible after the lesson. Protective interrupting involves the following steps: 1. Interrupt the child by acknowledging them and preventing further disclosure (eg ‘Thank you, it sounds as though you have something important to talk about, why don't we have a chat at recess?’) 2. Be supportive and gently indicate that the child can talk in a more private situation. 3. Quietly arrange to see the child as soon as possible. 4. Listen attentively in a private location within the school and reassure the child that telling was the right thing to do. 5. If abuse is disclosed, explain to the child that because they are being harmed you need to make sure they are safe and gain some help for them. Do not promise the child you will keep it secret. 6. Reassure the child that the abuse was not their fault. 7. Explain what is likely to happen next. 8. Complete the school reporting form for child abuse as soon as possible. Language of safety The language of safety includes verbal and non-verbal messages that will create a safe environment. Language that is respectful, empowering, non-threatening, and inclusive and promotes communication is a core element of developing protective behaviours. CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 13
  • 16. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence The teacher should model and students encouraged to use language that is not abusive, racist, sexist, violent or victimising. Language can be used to build self-worth, confidence and problem solving. Network review Students need to identify a number of trusted people who they can talk to. Students who are isolated may experience difficulty in developing a network and should be made aware of services available. Networks must be reviewed regularly to ensure that people are suitable, willing and available. Persistence This is a strategy where students are persistent in seeking help or taking action with a person on their network. If a child is not satisfied with the response of one person, they try the next person until they feel that they have been heard and got the help needed to feel safe. Theme reinforcement Theme reinforcement is used to ensure that the message is emphasised and clearly understood. The themes need to be continually repeated throughout the Protective Behaviour lessons and ideally across all learning areas throughout the curriculum. Examples of achieving theme reinforcement include: posters, songs or stories. Teacher support Teaching protective behaviours may arouse feelings that cause distress or concern. Teachers should ensure that they have developed their own personal network of trusted people with whom they can discuss their reactions or concerns. Counselling is available to metropolitan and country teachers through the Prime Employee Assistance Program. 3. Responding to disclosures One of the objectives of the Protective Behaviours program is to increase a child’s help seeking behaviours such as telling a person on their network if they feel unsafe. Teachers may experience feelings of shock, anger and helplessness. It is important to conceal these feelings as your reactions may adversely affect the child concerned. Do Reassure the child that telling was the right thing to do. Allow the child to tell the story in their own words. Use protective interrupting if their disclosure is in an inappropriate situation. Find a quiet place to talk. Let the child know what will happen next. Don’t Dismiss or ignore the disclosure. Put words in the child’s mouth, push for details or investigate as this could jeopardise the interviewing process of DCP and WA Police. Make the child repeat the disclosure to the principal or third party. Stop the child from talking even though you may have heard enough to make a report. Promise not to tell. Confront the person believed to be the abuser. Engage in general staffroom discussion about the disclosure. CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 14
  • 17. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence 4. Skills for life Research shows that students are more likely to use and understand a life skill that they are made aware of. It has been proven that students need to rehearse and practise these skills in order to better understand how to use them effectively. It is important to teach the students the names of the skills, as well as how to utilise them in a real situation. Learning the name of a skill will help students to recall on it when needed. The Department of Education K-10 Syllabus states that life skills can be taught as stand alone topics or can be integrated throughout a Health program. The Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life program engages both these methods to help students develop the following skills for life in order to empower the students and promote resilience. Helpful and positive thinking- which involves skills such as: o understanding links between thoughts/feelings and behaviour; and o positive self-talk. Understanding emotions- which involves skills such as: o being aware of a range of feelings; o regulating their own feelings; and o reading others’ emotions. Resourcefulness- which involves skills such as: o problem predicting and problem solving; o decision making; o goal setting; and o persistence. Relationship skills- which involves skills such as: o group skills; o help seeking and disclosure; and o assertive communication. Self-understanding- which involves skills such as: o knowing their own values and how to stand up for them; and o self-reflection. A successful method for encouraging students to learn and practise these life skills is to have them on display in the classroom. At the closure to each lesson, teachers can refer back to these displays and articulate with the students which skills were being practised. A Skills for life poster has been included in the resources section to put on display in the classroom. The poster can be kept on display throughout the program to provide the teacher and the students with a reference of the skills for life they will be practising. CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 15
  • 18. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Preventive Education and the Health Promoting Schools Framework The Health Promoting Schools Framework (World Health Organisation, 1986) is widely recognised as a best practice model of promoting health within a school community. This framework suggests that positive health outcomes are much more likely when classroom health education is complemented and reinforced by a supportive school environment and effective links to family and the community. Curriculum professional development Ethos and environment for school staff Whole-school approach to protective behaviours, skills for life, Online Professional Learning Protective Behaviours resilience and safety education Online Professional Learning Child Protection Promote a safe, supportive school environment Background information package in resources Promote resilience HPE Newsletter Protective Behaviours Safety Guidelines and action plans Professional Learning Seminars Procedures for student support and incident management SDERA Professional Learning Help to identify support roles in the school community Promote and facilitate student and staff well-being Resources linked to HPE Learning Area outcomes Preventative Education content planned across all year levels Protective Behaviours K/PP Package A planned comprehensive cross-curricular approach to preventive Protective Behaviours Years 1-3 Package education across all year levels Protective Behaviours Years 4-7 Package All staff members understand they have a responsibility for Protective Behaviours Years 8-10 Package Protective Behaviours Education in a context of Respectful Relationships Education and National Safe Schools Framework Growing and Developing Healthy Relationships Specific policies related to child protection Mind Matters SDERA Challenges and Choices (K-10) SDERA Getting it together(Drug and Road Education) Keeping in Touch Curriculum Framework K10 HPE Syllabus Overview K10 HPE Integrated Scope and Sequence Parents/caregiver and community Curriculum Overview Information flyer sent to parents Parent information evenings Parent tab on school website with Protective Behaviours information Forums Information in school newsletters Links with community agencies (eg Child Protection , PBWA) CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 16
  • 19. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Content focus The content focus for Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life consists of scope and sequence statements from the Early Adolescence (8-10) Syllabus. Teachers will continue to make professional judgements about when to introduce content based on students’ prior learning and achievement. Health and Physical Education YEAR 8 YEAR 9 YEAR 10 Context and topics Content Context and topics Content Context and topics Content Wellness Knowledge and Wellness Knowledge and Wellness Knowledge and Self-understanding Understandings Self-understanding Understandings Self-understanding Understandings developing and The meaning and influences of different The meaning and understanding mental The meaning and maintaining self- dimensions of health beliefs and values, dimensions of health health issues and their dimensions of health esteem as an attitudes and values including those related lifestyle behaviours and impact on self and social, cultural, adolescent Growth and to sexuality and gender consequences society environmental and recognition of roles development on self-esteem and Growth and Lifelong relationships political factors that self-concept development influence the recognition of changes behaviours that relationships and community’s health in responsibilities influence growth and mental health issues how to enhance the community support to and attitudes development Developing respectful health of self and enhance relationships well-being balancing community strategies Social-emotional well relationships others the social, emotional, mental health services to promote health physical and mental being building and assessing the impact of emotional and mental dealing with negative Growth and mental health different types of maintaining positive health on behaviours relationships development relationships relationships as an Types and nature of adolescent the positive and health promotions – lifestyle behaviours and relationships values and beliefs government support for their impact on society understanding changing negative effects of peer importance of family Ways to keep healthier pressure on health building positive societal cohesion relationships and peers and safer behaviours relationships applying social skills to the impact of stress factors influencing managing risk Social-emotional well relationships in the and strategies to different situations and relationships strategies to enhance being work place manage stress relationships relating appropriately in resilience strategies to manage enhancing personal Social-emotional well cyber bullying relationships rules, laws, policies to relationships health and the health of being promote health SMS bullying others qualities of positive Ways to keep healthier strategies to enhance relationships enhancing seeking advice and help and safer communicating and encourage societal environments Enhancing resilience as effectively in the cohesion rights and plans to avoid and factors to consider for a an adolescent manage risk community responsibilities in safe learning public health harm minimisation and CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 17
  • 20. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence relationships environment thinking optimistically coping strategies services/agencies Ways to keep healthier appreciating diversity Resources and making connections rules laws and policies domestic violence and safer Power in relationships consumer skills to promote safety Inclusivity risk management in the promoting positive health actions and strategies community types of power attitudes discrimination, services/agencies to promote taking action to peer pressure protective behaviours – harassment and Learning physical health – enhancing maintain their own and Plan A/Plan B vilification Being resilient as an activities physical and social others’ mental and adolescent time management environments Resilience emotional health factors to consider for a coping and responding strategies to seek help Resources and managing change preventative measures safe learning to change and environment benefits of support consumer skills coping with loss and strategies to minimise challenge factors that influence grief harmful or risky identifying fears and access and use of coping with breakdown behaviours and Self-management Safety health services hazardous situations feelings of relationships Skills Safety me and others health information dealing with conflicting reaching out rules, laws and policies demands Understanding going out about safety to promote a safe emotions physical and social creating connections – strategies to keep safe how to identify the Safety environment friendships and identification and Self-management different types of Managing risk Resources and belonging emotions and ways protection against Skills strategies to deal with consumer skills protective strategies they are expressed unsafe situations Understanding emotions personal safety issues sources and access to Recognising abuse how to take cultural factors influencing risk in an uncontrolled health information for differences into taking strategies to identify, feelings and warning environment different communities signals account in self- recognising, assessing interpret and monitor influences on ‘the self’ influences on health factors that influence a understanding and responding to risk protective strategies decision making model community’s ability to ways to enhance our situations how to examine the and risk behaviours access and use health self-understanding Road safety and our influence of others on services Safety self-understanding Driving and socialising Managing emotions attitudes and Safety with behaviours how to track and responsible driver and how to manage passenger behaviour Self-management independence laws and rules challenge the emotions Skills connection between skills and attitudes that gaining independence strategies to cope with risk taking thoughts, feelings and support safe road Understanding and the risks it brings emotions positive choices behaviours behaviour emotions positive and negative Reviewing the situation how to limit the impact Environmental health how to examine the risks factors to consider of peer pressure influence of others settings and making our when choosing the Managing emotions environment safer and strategies to cope with circumstances where most appropriate risk taking occurs how to manage healthier influences person for help emotions and limit the workplace health and strategies to cope with protective behaviours Planning before impact of value laden safety outside influences on Safety in community deciding judgements self-understanding rights and strategies to assert strategies to owning Managing emotions responsibilities themselves and taking community strategies safe practices near Deciding and acting responsibility for that are used to cope CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 18
  • 21. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence buses/trains ways to apply the emotional health of self with intense emotions passenger safety decision making model and others in particular situations safety on wheels Monitoring and ways to identify strategies to cope with evaluation emotional states and and reduce stress aquatic safety proposed strategies to skills and actions to Deciding and acting cope with overt and cope with them how to analyse covert peer influence strategies to monitor community measures how to review the thoughts, emotions and used to protect effectiveness of physical feelings that individuals strategies to resilience influence personal Reviewing the situation identity and the how decisions can preventative measure behaviour of others affect health and safety strategies to create ways to enhance self- awareness and limit confidence Interpersonal Skills fallout Reviewing the situation Communicating Monitoring and how to apply the evaluating ways to adapt decision making model communication skills strategies to monitor when considering and evaluate decisions active listening skills to beliefs and values; establish relationships predicting risks and how to analyse benefits individual and group how to read body decisions and the language how to select people effects they have on Building and nurturing and services that can the environment and relationships help the health and safety of how to behave Planning before themselves and others appropriately in varying deciding relationships/situations strategies to assert individual rights and Interpersonal Skills Preventing and Communicating managing conflict predict the consequence of active listening skills to ways to deal actions enhance relationships appropriately with conflict communication skills to Interpersonal Skills manage conflict of ways to deal values appropriately with Communicating teasing/bullying Building and nurturing ways to establish relationships how to apply assertive effective skills communication ways to build and showing empathy, influence relationships risk evaluation within the community strategies tolerance and sensitivity how to treat others ways to communicate when in a position of effectively when there power CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 19
  • 22. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Cooperating and is conflict strategies to limit collaborating in groups how to recognise and negative influences ways to cooperate with respond to the Preventing and peers to enhance emotional states of managing conflict safety others how to manage/resolve strategies to deal with ways to communicate conflict when in a exclusion in a range of social position of power Leading, initiating and situations ways of selecting, facilitating Building and nurturing applying and adjusting ways to organise and relationships assertion manage groups how to build ways to minimise leadership skills to relationships with potential conflict enhance safety unfamiliar others harm minimisation ways to cope with skills dysfunctional ways to cope with relationships change/conflict/challen how to demonstrate ging situations acceptable and negotiation skills appropriate behaviour Leading, initiating and ways to cope with facilitating changes in relationships leadership strategies when supporting others how to consider rights of other how to express feelings, needs, ideas, Preventing and empathy and support managing conflict to others in a socially assertive and culturally communication skills to appropriate manner manage conflict negotiation skills problem solving skills ways to minimise harm through selection and planning assertion techniques Leading, initiating and facilitating leadership strategies CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 20
  • 23. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence What will I do in my classroom? This section contains a series of detailed learning and teaching activities and supporting resources with a Health and Physical Education focus. For detailed information on the links to the Early Adolescence (8-10) Syllabus refer to the content focus for this series of lessons. By clicking on the attachment tab, you can access this section as a word document. Health and Physical Education Content Lesson focus Activities and monitoring Resources Wellness | Safety YEAR 8 Theme 1: We all have Lesson 1: Feelings Resource 1: Strength Knowledge and the right to feel safe cards Understandings at all times Resource 2: Theme Observation and monitoring: The meaning and Establish students’ posters During the lesson note the students who are able to: dimensions of health base line of Resource 3: Safety knowledge identify when they feel safe brainstorm attitudes and values Students to describe how they are feeling in different contexts and situations Resource 4: Skills for Ways to keep healthier and safer understand Theme 1 analyse and discuss the Bill of Rights life poster and be aware that it KWL chart, KWHL rules, laws, policies to relates to them as promote health Learning experiences: chart and X-chart well as everyone from Teacher toolkit enhancing environments else 1. Introduce the Protective Behaviours program. templates factors to consider for a Develop/reinforce Write the words ‘Protective Behaviours’ on the whiteboard. safe learning Summary of the UN students’ Divide the class into small groups. Provide each group a KWL chart or Convention on the environment understanding of KWHL chart. Ask each group to discuss the topic and then summarise Rights of the Child Self-management Skills rights and the KWL chart (know, want to know, learnt) or KWHL chart (know, available at Understanding emotions responsibilities want to know, how to learn it, learnt). Jigsaw the answers from each http://www.unicef.org how to identify the Explore the range of group to provide a class list. /magic/media/docum different types of emotions/feelings Summarise the class thoughts on Protective Behaviours and create a ents/what_rights_flye emotions and ways they that may be class KWL or KWHL chart. r_english.pdf are expressed experienced or the book For Explain the importance of the Protective Behaviours program to the Interpersonal Skills Develop an students by saying, ‘The Protective Behaviours program is very Every Child - the UN Building and nurturing understanding that important because it teaches us how to feel, be and keep safe. Convention on the feelings differ Protective Behaviours provides opportunities to develop skills for life rights of the child in CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 21
  • 24. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence relationships between people and that can be applied to a range of contexts and situations. These skills words and pictures how to behave situations, and that are essential to help keep you feel, be and keep safe throughout your UNICEF appropriately in varying this is ok life. Now that you are getting older there are different situations that you Pictures/photos of relationships/situations Students to be able might find yourself in where you feel unsafe. It is still really important landscapes from to visualise their that you remember that you all have the right to feel safe at all times calendars/books safe place whether you are 3 years old or 13 years old. The Protective Behaviours YEAR 9 Blank paper programs talks about feelings, safe and unsafe risk taking, safe and Knowledge and unsafe secrets, persisting in asking for help from people on your Writing/drawing tools Understandings network and respecting personal space. The Protective Behaviours Whiteboard Growth and development program teaches us that each of you are very important people. Let’s Whiteboard markers start by finding out what your strengths are’. how to enhance the Resource 26: health of self and others 2. Feelings activity: Emotions Ways to keep healthier Discuss skills for life and the importance for using positive self-talk with Background and safer the students. The Skills for life poster (Resource 4) can be displayed to information on help reinforce these skills. Protective rules laws and policies to promote safety Spread the Strength cards (Resource 1) out on a table/bench area. interrupting from the Ask students to select one or two cards they feel, or someone has told Importance of actions and strategies to them, reflects some of their strengths. Protective promote health – Behaviours section enhancing physical and Invite students to share the choices they have made and why they made social environments them. Self-management Skills Each student then cuts out the question cards (Resource 1) and assigns Understanding emotions strengths to each of the questions, or provides a written response. how to track and Discuss with others to compare. challenge the connection 3. Set the parameters: between thoughts, Explain to students what can and cannot be discussed. Disclosures of feelings and behaviours personal things need to be addressed with the teacher after class. Managing emotions Explain protective interrupting to ensure students know which personal strategies to owning and things should not be shared with the group. Information on protective taking responsibility for interrupting is provided in the section ‘Importance of teaching Protective emotional health of self Behaviours’. and others Set group guidelines such as the teacher cannot keep unsafe secrets strategies to monitor and must share any information with authorities that is relevant. thoughts, emotions and Discuss group norms and then create group norms for the class. physical feelings that influence personal 4. Introduce Theme 1: discuss Theme 1 with the students. identity and the Write it on the board to keep it displayed for the duration of the lesson. behaviour of others Show students the Theme posters (Resource 2) and use as a template Interpersonal Skills for them to create their own to be displayed around the classroom. CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 22
  • 25. Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education Early Adolescence Building and nurturing 5. Group discussion: Theme 1 relationships Dissect Theme 1 using an X-chart format where students include at least how to demonstrate five words to describe each of the following sections of the theme: acceptable and ‘We all’ – who do we mean by all? Make sure students understand that appropriate behaviour each of them are included in ‘all’. ‘have the right’ – what is a right? Something we are born with, that YEAR 10 cannot be bestowed or taken away by someone else. Knowledge and ‘to feel safe’ – why feel safe rather than be safe? We cannot guarantee Understandings that we are going to be safe in every situation, however we have the The meaning and right to feel safe. dimensions of health ‘at all times’ – what do we mean by all? Day, night, today, tomorrow, social, cultural, yesterday, 24/7. environmental and Ask students to brainstorm what safety means to them using the Safety political factors that brainstorm activity sheet (Resource 3). influence the 6. UN Convention on the Rights of the Child community’s health and attitudes Discuss what a child is in the terms of the law: someone under the age Social-emotional well of 18, or someone who appears under the age of 18 without proper being identification. strategies to enhance Explain to the students the history of the UN Convention on the Rights of and encourage societal the Child. It was developed in 1989 to protect children from cohesion discrimination, neglect and abuse. The Convention includes civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights. Ways to keep healthier and safer Hand out a copy of UN Convention on the Rights of the Child to the students. rules, laws and policies to promote a safe Discuss the skills for life of self-understanding and emphasise the physical and social importance of knowing own values and how to stand up for them. environment 7. Group discussion: Rights and responsibilities Self-management Skills Discuss with the students that with rights comes responsibility. That is if Understanding emotions we all have the right to feel safe, do we have the responsibility to ensure strategies to cope with other people feel safe? outside influences on Focus on articles 12, 14, 16, 24, and 28. self-understanding Discuss a ‘Bill of Rights’. Deciding and acting 8. Bill of Rights activity: how to analyse Ask students to form groups of four or five. community measures used to protect Using the following scenario, the groups must create a Bill of Rights with CISPB010 | Protective Behaviours: Refining skills for life – Health and Physical Education © Department of Education, Western Australia, 2010 Not for NEALS 23