IHA Congress 2011 - Session 8c - Y N Apparao

1. Session on Hydro Power in the 21st Century: The Rise of Emerging Markets 15.30- 17.00 Hrs Thursday 16th June, 2011 Sustainable HYDRO POWER Development in India IHA WORLD CONGRESS Advancing Sustainable Hydro Power 14- 17th June, 2011, Iguassu, Brazil

2. Water is energy Two Great Energy Synonyms Hydrogen and Oxygen Human Body 70% Water Earths’ Surface 70% Water 2

3. Massive gravitating influx of surface water(47,000 billion cubic meters per annum)-unleashed by the hydrological cycle has enormous potential for energy generation Water Containing Energy Every drop of circulating water above mean sea level has potential energy inherent in it by virtue of its position. The energy of waterways can be converted into useful ‘ kilowatts’ to energize the Nations ! 3

4. Sustainable Hydro Power Represents Non - Consumptive , Non - Radioactive, Non - Polluting Use Of Water Resources Towards Inflation Free , “Highest Density” Renewable Energy Development With Most Mature Technology, Highest Prime Moving Efficiency, Spectacular Operational Flexibility, Reliability & Efficiency of Power System And Multifarious Benefits Such as Flood-Mitigation, Drinking Water Supply, Ground Water Recharge, Irrigation, Navigation And Tourism 4

6. Flood Control

7. Social Forestry

9. Multiplier effect of Electricity on Economy

11. Community health

12. Benefits of electricity: comforts, literacy

14. Employment

15. Improved food production

18. Lake shore environment & Improved micro climate

19. Silt Control

20. Water liking birds

21. Improved ecology5

22. India at a Glance 6

23. Hydro Potential in India 7

24. Power Scenario in India- Installed Capacity **Renewable Energy Sources(RES) include SHP, BG, BP, U&I and Wind Energy SHP= Small Hydro Project , BG= Biomass Gasifier, BP= Biomass Power, U & I=Urban & Industrial Waste Power, RES=Renewable Energy 8

26. Gap between the demand and supply of electricity in last 4 years is varies between 8.5% to 11.06%.9 Source: Ministry of Power and CEA

28. Power generated is insufficient to meet the increasing demand.Per Capita Electricity Requirement * based on GDP growth projection of 8% (bn kWh) 10 Source: 1. CIA World Factbook 2008 2. Integrated Energy Policy, Planning Commission, GoI

29. Power Scenario in India- Energy Supply Gap Energy – Requirement Vs Availability 8.5 % Shortage Peaking Demand – Supply Gap 10.3 % Shortage 11 Source: Central Electricity Authority (CEA)

31. To Meet The Demand Supply Gap

32. To Expedite The Hydro Power Development

33. To Improve The Thermal/Hydro Power Ratio

34. To Encourage Private and Public Sector Participation

35. Policy Liberalization

36. Creation Of Power Utilities in Central Sector 12

37. Power to all by 2012 The Ministry of Power has set a goal - Mission 2012: Power for All. A comprehensive Blueprint for Power Sector development has been prepared encompassing an integrated strategy for the sector development with following objectives: - Sufficient Power to Achieve GDP Growth Rate of 8% - Reliable of Power - Quality Power - Optimum Power Cost - Commercial Viability of Power Industry - Power for All 13

38. Strategies to Achieve the Objectives Power Generation Strategy-focus on low cost generation, optimization of capacity utilization, controlling the input cost, optimization of fuel mix, Technology up gradation and utilization of Non Conventional energy sources. Transmission Strategy- focus on development of National Grid including Interstate connections, Technology upgradation & optimization of transmission cost. Distribution strategy to achieve Distribution Reforms with focus on System up gradation, loss reduction, theft control, consumer service orientation, quality power supply commercialization, Decentralized distributed generation and supply for rural areas. Regulation Strategy aimed at protecting Consumer interests and making the sector commercially viable. Financing Strategy to generate resources for required growth of the power sector. Conservation Strategy to optimize the utilization of electricity with focus on Demand Side management, Load management and Technology upgradationto provide energy efficient equipment / gadgets. Communication Strategy for political consensus with media support to enhance the genera; public awareness. 14

39. Need of Action for More Energy from Less Water 2 m Φ Size 300 m 10 m 2 MW 100 MW P = 9.81 Q H ɳ (KW) 15

40. Pumped Storage Scheme with Reversible Pump-Turbines- 90,000 MW 16

41. Tidal Power- 10,000 MW 17

42. Small Hydro on the Renewable Energy Matrix- 20,000 MW Highest Density Renewable Seasonal but not Intermittent like Wind, Solar and Tidal Non- Consumptive Use of a Naturally Recycled Resource Unlike Biomass Carbon footprint superior to others in the total energy chain (Solar PV=55, Wind=20 against Small Hydro=5.6 in gC/kWh) Most Mature Technology Highest ‘ Prime – Moving’ Efficiency Highest Operational Flexibility Peaking Support Capacity Factors Superior to Wind & Solar 18

43. Hydro : Thermal Mix – The Right Choice The Power Sector seems to have lost its ‘sense of proportion’ down the line. .From a Hydro: Thermal Mix of 45:55 during the late 60’s, it has today landed to a mind - boggling proportion of 25:75 25:75 Rs. 3.50 per KWHR 75:25 Rs. 2. 00 per KWHR The country could have eliminated the peaking power shortages totally underthe same MW installed & under the same investment, had we gone for a … Thermal Hydro Judicious Mix 19

45. Environmental Pollution

46. Frequent Load Shedding

47. Fluctuations in Voltage and Frequency

48. Backing Down of Thermal Leading to Their Low PLF & Efficiency

49. Constrained Load Carrying Capacity of Grid

50. Poor Grid EconomyUndesirable Hydro : Thermal Mix reflects a poor ‘Techno- Economic-Operational-Environmental’ ethos of Power Supply Systems 20

51. Hydro- A Technical Compulsion of Steady Power Supply System 21

53. 50 Million People will be Displaced in Coasts of India

54. 17% Decrease in Wheat Yields

55. 400,000 Square Kilometres of Glaciers Would Melt by 2030 ?

56. Vector Borne Deceases Like Dengue and Malaria Would Raise

57. 25% of Flora And Fauna Would be Extinct by 2030(IPCC Report released in April 2007) Factoring Climate Change 22

59. Public Hearing meeting with Project Affected Families.

60. Preparation of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environment Management Plan (EMP)

61. Environmental Clearance.

62. Forest Clearance & Wildlife Clearance

63. Compliance Report23

65. Provide resources exclusively for the purposes of social development of the Project Area,

66. Conduct Social Responsibility programs in a manner that is sensitive and responsive to the circumstances and expectations of various communities that form a part of society.

67. Work closely with Central, State and Local authorities / instrumentalities and opinion-leaders in pursuing its Social Responsibility Policy.

68. Make social investments, including through reputed public and professionally organized charitable organizations.

69. Resettlement & Rehabilitation Policy to be followed by developers.24

70. World Trend in Hydro Development over 10 yrs.. …..led by Asia 25

71. Rate of Hydro Development and GDP Growth 26

72. Case Study of Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow of Hydro Power Development in India Yesterday (Completed) 1500 MW NathpaJhakri HE Project (Himachal Pradesh), Today (Under Construction) 1200 MW Teesta Stage III HE Project (Sikkim), Tomorrow (Future Project ) 1750 MW Demwe Lower HE Project (Arunachal Pradesh) In India 27

73. 1500 MW NathpaJhakri HE Project (Himachal Pradesh)

74. POWER HOUSE COMPLEX (CONTRACT 3.0) CONTRACT 2.2 (Total Length : 11,332 M) NathpaJhakri– General Layout HRT VI FACE RATTANPUR 2301 m MANGLAD 2526 m DAM. INTAKE & DESILTING 6475 m COMPLEX SHOLDING (CONTRACT 1.0) NUGALSARI NH-22 SATLUJ RIVER 888 m 4008 m 4791 m 6375 m WADHAL NATHPA CONTRACT 2.1 (Total Length : 16,062 M) 29

75. NathpaJhakri– Generation Details 30

76. 1200 MW Teesta Stage- III HE Project (Sikkim)

77. Teesta Stage-III HE Project – Salient Features Dam (60 m high CFRD) EL – 1590 m Salient Features Catchment area 2,787sq km Snow fall catchment 1,953 sq km Avg annual rainfall 1,218 mm Design discharge 175 cumecs Spillway Design Flood 7, 000 cumecs Design Energy 5,183 MU Project Cost Rs. 5,705 Crores Surge shaft (150 m high, 15m dia.) EL 1506 m River Head race tunnel (13.816 km long, 7.5 m dia.) Desiltingcomplex 2 x Pressure shafts ((652 m Vertical and 530 m Inclined each) Maximum discharge per shaft: 87.5 cumecs Maximum velocity: 6.963 m/sec Transmission line(400 kV, 205 km) Machine hall (6 x 200 MW,Pelton wheel type) EL 768.0 m Transformer hall Tail race tunnel (1.0 km long, 8m dia.) River Not to Scale 32

78. Teesta Stage-III HE Project – Milestones 20 km of Tunneling and 50% of HRT Excavation completed, River diverted 31 KM of Tunneling completed 11.7 km of HRT excavation Completed Nov, 2010 Jan ‘10 Apr ‘09 10 km of Cumulative Tunneling Start of Civil Work Jan’ 08 Forest Clearance Nov '07 Aug’07 Financial Closure Award of EPC Contract April’07 Environment Clearance from MOE&F Aug’06 July’ 06 ICB Notification for EPC PPA signed with PTC July’06 Feb’05 Letter of Intent 33

80. One of the best studied projects in the country with over 30 of hydrological data available.

81. All clearances received in record time. Fastest Hydro Project in the country to move to the Construction phase from the date of award.

82. Project employs second ever CFRD Dam built in the country.

83. Project contains 13.824 Km long Head Race Tunnel, the excavation of which completed in Record time of 30 Months. The Works effectively commenced from Jan 2009.

84. Advanced and Special non – conventional tunneling techniques like Pre-grouting has been made an integral part of the tunneling cycle, which in turn improved the tunneling excavation rate. Till date over 34 Km of Tunneling completed in the project (99%) of the total tunneling estimated for the Project) in a record time of 42 Months from the start of Civil Works in Jan 2008

85. The Surge Shaft and the Pressure Shafts are being excavated by Shaft Sinking method for the First time in a Hydro Project in the Country.34

86. 1750 MW Demwe Lower HE Project (Arunachal Pradesh)

87. Demwe Lower HEP– Salient Features Dam of 163.12 m height from Deepest Foundation Level Power intake - 160 m long Surface Power House on right bank about 650 m downstream of Dam axis. Pooling Point Switchyard River River Tail Race Tunnel (open channel, 165 m wide and 130 m long) 5 Nos Pressure shaft of 10 m dia. 36

89. Clearance received from Ministry of Defence.

90. “In-Principle” Mega Power Status issued obtained from Ministry of Power (MOP)

91. “Grant of Connectivity” received from PGCIL.

92. Environmental Clearance accorded by Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF).

93. Memorandum of Understanding signed with PTC India Ltd for purchase of power.

94. EPC contract has been awarded to M/s SEW- ABIR Consortium through an ICB route

95. 100% of the Debt has been tied-up with FIs/Banks37

97. 75 years of nuclear resources

98. 50 years of gas and

99. 25 years of oil respectively;While Conventional Hydro & other New Renewable like Small Hydro, Wind Solar & Biomass are perpetual sources of energy as sustainable options with least carbon footprints. Global Energy Scenario Today Fossil fuels - 85 % Nuclear - 4 % Hydro - 9 % New Renewable - 2 % 38

100. Water Provides Perpetual ‘Energy Security’ for Sustainable Development Hydro is – -Socio-Economic -Technical -Operational -Carbon Neutralizing -Compulsion Hydro Provides Energy Security even during Peaking Hours 39

101. For Energy Security @ 24x7 With Best Reflection In All Dimensions Let Us Accept “Hydro” As The Divine Power And As Our First Choice & Bring It Back To The Centre Stage of Power Development World Will Never Ever Regret & Coming Generations Will Remember US For Our Thoughtfulness 40

102. Thank You!!