Linux Apache PHP Mysql LAMP

Slide 1: Welcome to LAMP Workshop Linux, Apache, MySQL and PHP Hussain Fakhruddin hussulinux@gmail.com hussain@teks.co.in

Slide 2: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com Overview of LAMP Introduction  Client Server Model, What are web servers?  Configuration of Linux , Apache Server.  What is PHP? Why Use PHP?  PHP Crash Course  Language Reference: Variables, Controls, Loops etc.  What is MySQL? Overview  MySQL Crash Course  Exercise  2 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 3: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com Introduction S i m p le C li e n t S e r v e r M o d e l N e tw o rk S e r ve r R eque st L o c a l fi l e D ocum ent S ystem B ro w se r 3 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 4: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com What is PHP PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor  Why not HTP or HP or HPP?  Recursive Acronym  An acronym in which the first letter of the first  word is represented by the acronym itself. GNU = “GNU is NOT UNIX”  PHP: PHP Hypertext Preprocessor  4 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 5: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com Why Use PHP If you want to add dynamic content to your pages  If you want to make your pages easier to maintain  If you’re learning your first \"real\" computing language  If you need a solution that’s portable across multiple  platforms (e.g. Red Hat Linux to Windows 2000) If you like free software or need a free solution  Examples of uses of PHP & MySQL:  Sign-up Forms – Surveys – Polls – Email a Postcard – Content Management – 5 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 6: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com Overview of PHP Open Source server-side scripting language designed specifically  for the web. Can also be used for command-line scripting and writing client-  side GUI applications. Conceived in 1994, now used on +10 million web sites.  Outputs not only HTML but can output XML, images (JPG &  PNG), PDF files and even Flash movies (using libswf and Ming) all generated on the fly. Can write these files to the filesystem. Supports a wide-range of databases (20 + ODBC).  PHP also has support for talking to other services using protocols  such as LDAP, IMAP, SNMP, NNTP, POP3, HTTP. Perl- and C-like syntax. Relatively easy to learn.  Website @ http://www.php.net/  6 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 7: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com What you need to start a website? What you need?  Server – PHP parser – Configurations. – 7 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 8: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com PHP Crash Course Embedding PHP in HTML  Adding dynamic content  How to find system information phpinfo() – Variables are preceded by '$'  Accessing Form Variables by $_GET, $_POST  Operators  Control Structures  8 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 9: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com PHP Crash Course (cont.) Embedding PHP in HTML  <html> <body> <strong>Hello World!</strong><br /> <? echo ‘My name is Dave Olsen!’; ?> </body> </html> PHP tag styles:  XML: <?php ?>, Short: <? ?>, ASP: <% %> Script: <script language=‘php’></script> 9 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 10: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com PHP Crash Course (cont.) Adding dynamic content by adding the date to the page.  <html> <body> <strong>Hello World!</strong><br /> <? echo ‘Today is’; echo date(‘H:i jS F’); ?> </body> </html> Date() http://www.php.net/manual/en/function.date.php  PHP Function Reference http://www.php.net/manual/en/funcref.php  One useful function is phpinfo(). Gives system information so you  can quickly find out what’s on your machine. 10 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 11: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com PHP Crash Course (cont.) Variables: Are the symbols we use to represent data.  Variable names can be of any length; can include letters, numbers  and underscores; cannot start with a digit; case-sensitive; and can have the same name as a function. To assign values to variables:  $foo = ‘bar’; Data Type: String $foo = 1; Data Type: integer $foo = 5.34; Data Type: Double $foo = array(“bar”,”united”); Data Type: Array Data Types are automatically assigned though you can force a  data type by type casting. For example: $foo = ‘Hello’; $bar = (int)$foo; $bar now equals 0 Almost all variables are local. Globals include $_POST  11 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 12: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com PHP Crash Course (cont.) Accessing Form Variables  Three methods  Short: $varfoo, – Medium: $_POST[‘varfoo’], (recommended for versions of PHP +4.1) – Long: $HTTP_POST_VARS[‘varfoo’] – Need register_globals ON for short method to work. Not expected  to be ON on the WVU server. I’m open to input on the issue. Tip: For checkbox variables your variable name should end with [ ]  Checkbox results are automatically put into an array – Example: <input type=checkbox name=foo[] value=Y> – 12 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 13: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com PHP Crash Course (cont.) Operators: Operators are symbols that you can use to manipulate  values and variables by performing an operation on them. Web Site @ http://www.php.net/manual/en/language.operators.php  Includes:  Assignment (e.g. =, +=, *=) – Arithmetic (e.g. +, -, *) – Comparison (e.g. <, >, >=, ==) – Logical (e.g. !, &&, ||) – 13 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 14: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com PHP Crash Course (cont.) Control Structures: Are the structures within a language that allow  us to control the flow of execution through a program or script. Grouped into conditional (branching) structures (e.g. if/else) and  repetition structures (e.g. while loops). Example if/elseif/else statement:  if ($foo == 0) { echo ‘The variable foo is equal to 0’; } else if (($foo > 0) && ($foo <= 5)) { echo ‘The variable foo is between 1 and 5’; } else { echo ‘The variable foo is equal to ‘.$foo; } Good code will use indents and comments.  14 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 15: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com Overview of MySQL Relational database management system (RDBMS)  Free  Website @ http://www.mysql.com/  15 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 16: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com MySQL Crash Course Database Basics  Common SQL Statements  INSERT – SELECT – UPDATE – DELETE – Simple Join  Entity-Relationship (ER) Modeling  An Easy Way to Manage Your MySQL DBs  16 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 17: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com MySQL Crash Course (cont.) Database Basics  A relational database manager (MySQL) manages databases  which holds tables which has records (rows) with attributes (columns) Each record must have a unique ID, also known as a Primary  Key. When used as an identifier in another table it’s called a Foreign Key. Used for joins. Each attribute has to have a data type. (e.g. int, text, varchar)  A database language (SQL) is used to create and delete  databases and manage data 17 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 18: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com MySQL Crash Course (cont.) Table structure for following examples:  CREATE TABLE oscarpool ( CREATE TABLE bestdirector ( uid int(4) auto_increment, bdid int(4) auto_increment, username varchar(255), name varchar(255), email varchar(255), PRIMARY KEY (bdid) bestpicture int(2), ) PRIMARY KEY (uid) ) Created two tables, ‘oscarpool’ & ‘bestdirector’   Instead of using SQL to create tables use phpMyAdmin url: http://www.phpmyadmin.net/ 18 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 19: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com MySQL Crash Course (cont.) Common SQL Statement: INSERT  INSERT INTO oscarpool (username,email,bestpicture) VALUES (‘dolsen',‘dave@usablecode.com',1) Creates a new record in the table ‘oscarpool’  Text fields need to have ‘s.  Tip: If you have an ‘ in your data you need to escape it before  inserting it. Can use the PHP function addslashes(). Example: ‘John O\\’Brien’ 19 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 20: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com MySQL Crash Course (cont.) Common SQL Statement: SELECT  SELECT uid,username FROM oscarpool Selects the attributes ‘uid’ and ‘username’ from every record in  ‘oscarpool’ SELECT is how you query the database. You can also:  limit the number of records returned with LIMIT, – limit retrieval to those records that match a condition with WHERE, – sort the data after the query has been evaluated using ORDER BY – Tip: To easily select every attribute replace ‘uid’ with ‘*’  20 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 21: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com MySQL Crash Course (cont.) Common SQL Statement: UPDATE  UPDATE oscarpool SET email = ‘david.olsen@mail.wvu.edu’ WHERE uid = 1 Updates the email address where ‘uid = 1’ in the table ‘oscarpool’  In this case I know that uid 1 is what my record was. In many  cases you’d pass a uid variable from a form. 21 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 22: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com MySQL Crash Course (cont.) Common SQL Statement: DELETE  DELETE FROM oscarpool WHERE uid = 1 Deletes the record where ‘uid = 1’ in the table ‘oscarpool’  DELETE only removes the record from the table. To remove an  entire table from the database you need to use the SQL statement DROP. Tip: To remove every record in a table but not remove the table  just don’t include the WHERE clause. 22 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 23: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com MySQL Crash Course (cont.) Simple Join  SELECT bd.name FROM oscarpool op, bestdirector bd WHERE op.uid = 1 and op.bestdirector = bd.bdid Selects the name of the Best Director that the user with ‘uid = 1’ has  chosen bestdirector is a Foreign Key of the Primary Key for the table BestDirector  Tip: Try to not have fields from two different tables have the same name.  Gets confusing when trying to output this data when we connect with PHP. 23 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 24: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com MySQL Crash Course (cont.) Entity-Relationship (ER) Modeling  ER Modeling is the simple and clear method of expressing the  design (relations) of a database between tables and attributes. Rectangles – Represent entities. Diamonds – Represent relationships between entities Ellipses – Represent attributes that describe an entity Lines – Connect entities to relationships. Can have annotation. M = many, 1 = one. Lines – Connects entities to attributes. No annotation. Entity = Table, Attributes = Attributes  Web Database Applications by O’Reilly Publishers gives decent  overview 24 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 25: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com MySQL Crash Course (cont.) An easy way to manage your DBs  phpMyAdmin is a browser-based administration tool for MySQL.  Needs to be installed on your server. It can:  create and drop databases – create, copy, drop, rename and alter tables – delete, edit and add fields – manage keys on fields – load text files into tables – create (*) and read dumps of tables – and more – Download phpMyAdmin @ http://www.phpmyadmin.net/  Note: phpMyAdmin does not come with out-of-the-box security.  You either need to edit the config files to authenticate from a table or use .htaccess. 25 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 26: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com Using PHP to Query a MySQL Database <html> <body> <h1>A List of Users Who Have Signed Up For OscarPool</h1> <? $dbh = mysql_connect(\"localhost\",“dbusername\",“dbpassword\") or die(“Couldn't connect to database.\"); $db = mysql_select_db(“dbname\", $dbh) or die(“Couldn't select database.\"); $sql = “SELECT username, email FROM oscarpool”; $result = mysql_query($sql, $dbh) or die(“Something is wrong with your SQL statement.\"); while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $username = $row[‘username’]; $email = $row[‘email’]; echo ‘<a href=“mailto:’.$email.’”>’.$username.’</a><br />\\n’; } ?> </body> </html> 26 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 27: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com Using PHP to Query a MySQL Database (cont.) Notes for previous slide example:  The first option in mysql_connect can be an IP address. – mysql_query returns a small table with your results in it. The while – loop then goes through each record of that small table and pulls out the attributes/fields you selected in your SQL statement. die( ) will kill the script. Make sure that that text is informative. – If you use a function in your SQL query then it has to be a part of the – $row statement. For example, UNIX_TIMESTAMP(datefield) would be $row[‘UNIX_TIMESTAMP(datefield)’] \\n stands for a new line so that your source code will look a little – neater: PHP MySQL functions @ – url: http://www.php.net/manual/en/ref.mysql.php 27 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 28: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com Lets Code 28 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 29: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com PHP & MySQL Resources Web Sites  http://www.php.net/ – http://www.phpbuilder.com/ – http://www.devshed.com/ – http://www.phpmyadmin.net/ – http://www.hotscripts.com/PHP/ – http://www.mysql.com/ – http://www.owasp.org/ – Books  PHP and MySQL Web Development 2nd Edition, Welling & Thomson – Web Database Applications with PHP & MySQL, O’Reilly Publishers – PHP Cookbook, O’Reilly Publishers – MySQL Cookbook, O’Reilly Publishers – 29 Sunday 28th Jan '07

Slide 30: GNUnify '07: LAMP Workshop: hussulinux@gmail.com My special Thanks to: David Olsen (david.olsen@mail.wvu.edu) for his help in presentation's content.  PHP Freaks (http://www.phpfreaks.com) This is where I learnt PHP from  30 Sunday 28th Jan '07

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