Introduction to Digital Video Broadcast...... Adrian Hornsby Broadcast Multimedia 10/29/08

Broadcast communications … 10/29/08

Broadcast communications … 10/29/08

Broadcast communications … 10/29/08 Great fire New York - 1835

Broadcast communications … and authentication mechanism 10/29/08

Morse signal communication… 10/29/08 Morse-Vail Telegraph Key, 1844-1845 Vail helped Morse develop a practical system for sending and receiving coded electrical signals over a wire, which was successfully demonstrated in 1844.

Morse-Vail Telegraph Key, 1844-1845

Vail helped Morse develop a practical system for sending and receiving coded electrical signals over a wire, which was successfully demonstrated in 1844.

Voice communication … 10/29/08 In 1876, Alexander Graham Bell "Mr. Watson. Come here! I want you!"

Radio … 10/29/08 1860s, Scottish physicist, James Clerk Maxwell predicted the existence of radio waves 1886, German physicist, Heinrich Rudolph Hertz demonstrated that rapid variations of electric current could be projected into space in the form of radio waves. 1895 ,Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor, sent and received his first radio signal, in 1899 across the English Channel and two years later received the letter "S", from England to Newfoundland. Nikola Tesla and Nathan Stufflefield took out patents for wireless radio transmitters. Nikola Tesla is now credited with being the first person to patent radio technology; the Supreme Court overturned Marconi's patent in 1943 in favor of Tesla.

1860s, Scottish physicist, James Clerk Maxwell predicted the existence of radio waves

1886, German physicist, Heinrich Rudolph Hertz demonstrated that rapid variations of electric current could be projected into space in the form of radio waves.

1895 ,Guglielmo Marconi, Italian inventor, sent and received his first radio signal, in 1899 across the English Channel and two years later received the letter "S", from England to Newfoundland.

Nikola Tesla and Nathan Stufflefield took out patents for wireless radio transmitters. Nikola Tesla is now credited with being the first person to patent radio technology; the Supreme Court overturned Marconi's patent in 1943 in favor of Tesla.

Television … 10/29/08 Television started in the 1920s as a Peepshow device. one viewer , 30 lines, tiny vertical screens, received in a large part of Europe via the 'short wave', also used for radio. Audio sound was a separate short wave radio broadcast.

Television started in the 1920s as a Peepshow device.

one viewer , 30 lines, tiny vertical screens,

received in a large part of Europe via the 'short wave', also used for radio.

Audio sound was a separate short wave radio broadcast.

Transistors … 10/29/08 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley at Bell Labs in 1947 First practical application a hearing aid in 1952 Nobel Prize in 1956. 2008, transistor made out of graphene, one atom thick and ten atoms across

John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley at Bell Labs in 1947

First practical application a hearing aid in 1952

Nobel Prize in 1956.

Pulse Code Modulation … Pulse code modulation was first disclosed in a patent issued to Paul M. Rainey of Western Electric in 1921. Method to transmit facsimile information in coded form over a telegraph line using an optical mechanical analog to digital converter. 10/29/08

Pulse code modulation was first disclosed in a patent issued to Paul M. Rainey of Western Electric in 1921.

Method to transmit facsimile information in coded form over a telegraph line using an optical mechanical analog to digital converter.

Analog to Digital conversion 10/29/08

New transmission systems … 10/29/08 The Sputnik program launched by the Soviet Union on October 4, 1957 The Russian word sputnik literally means "co-traveler", "traveling companion" or "satellite” http://www.amsat.org/amsat/features/sounds/sputnk1b.wav

Digital revolution … New transmission, storage systems 10/29/08 August 17th, 1982, the first Compact Disk (ABBA's the Visitors) came off the assembly line; 200 billion followed it. J

Digital revolution … New media devices 10/29/08 First digital camera prototype in 1975 by Kodak 100 line black and white image recorded to a cassette tape took 23 seconds to write.

First digital camera prototype in 1975 by Kodak

100 line black and white image

recorded to a cassette tape

took 23 seconds to write.

Digital revolution … New media devices 10/29/08

Digital Media Revolution … Huge increase in media content Faster communications New user experience New consumer demand 10/29/08 New digital devices + new digital transmission systems = New digital transmission standard

Huge increase in media content

Faster communications

New user experience

New consumer demand

DVB was born … 1991, European Launching Group (ELG)‏ -> Overseeing the evolution of digital television and its distribution in Europe September 1993, ELG renamed to DVB and becomes the major driving force in digital TV developement in Europe 10/29/08

1991, European Launching Group (ELG)‏

-> Overseeing the evolution of digital television and its distribution in Europe

September 1993, ELG renamed to DVB and becomes the major driving force in digital TV developement in Europe

Digital Video Broadcasting Satellite DVB-S, first standard for digital transmission over satellite system in december 1993 - (EN 300 421)‏ Original DVB forward error coding and modulation standard for satellite television 10/29/08

DVB-S, first standard for digital transmission over satellite system in december 1993 - (EN 300 421)‏

Original DVB forward error coding and modulation standard for satellite television

DVB-S in short … data insterted fixed length MPEG2-TS forming the payload. Stream modulated using single QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keyring) carrier modulation QPSK: phase of the carrier wave is modulated to encode bits in each phase change. Bits are mapped to phase changes rather than to an absolute transmitted phase. Additional tools for channel coding and error protection Design for Standard Definition Television (SDT) services 10/29/08 Initial state

data insterted fixed length MPEG2-TS forming the payload.

Stream modulated using single QPSK (Quadrature Phase Shift Keyring) carrier modulation

QPSK: phase of the carrier wave is modulated to encode bits in each phase change. Bits are mapped to phase changes rather than to an absolute transmitted phase.

Additional tools for channel coding and error protection

Design for Standard Definition Television (SDT) services

Digital Video Broadcasting Cable March 1994, DVB publishes DVB-C, addressing cable distribution system - EN 300 429 Transmission of MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 family digital A/V stream, using a QAM modulation with channel coding 10/29/08

March 1994, DVB publishes DVB-C, addressing cable distribution system - EN 300 429

Transmission of MPEG-2 or MPEG-4 family digital A/V stream, using a QAM modulation with channel coding

DVB-C in short … DVB-C uses QAM input stream is divided into groups of bits. In 8QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7) changes the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight unique modulation states 10/29/08

DVB-C uses QAM

input stream is divided into groups of bits.

In 8QAM, each three bits of input, which provides eight values (0-7) changes the phase and amplitude of the carrier to derive eight unique modulation states

Digital Video Broadcasting Terrestrial December 1995, DVB publish the DVB-T standards (EN 300 744)‏ Transmission of compressed digital data (A/V) in MPEG-TS (transport stream), using OFDM modulation with concatenated channel coding (COFDM). 10/29/08

December 1995, DVB publish the DVB-T standards (EN 300 744)‏

Transmission of compressed digital data (A/V) in MPEG-TS (transport stream), using OFDM modulation with concatenated channel coding (COFDM).

DVB-T in short … Satellite vs Terrestrial Different environment, different propagation Multipaths effect 10/29/08

Satellite vs Terrestrial

Different environment, different propagation

Multipaths effect

DVB-T in short … OFDM was born: A single stream of data is split into parallel streams each of which is coded and modulated on to a subcarrier Each sub-scarrier is modulated with conventional schemes (QAM, QPSK)‏ 10/29/08

OFDM was born: A single stream of data is split into parallel streams each of which is coded and modulated on to a subcarrier

Each sub-scarrier is modulated with conventional schemes (QAM, QPSK)‏

Analog vs Digital The success of DVB-T has led to the Analog Switch Off (ASO)‏ 10/29/08 Analog Digital

The success of DVB-T has led to the Analog Switch Off (ASO)‏

Personal portable devices … 10/29/08

Personal portable devices… 10/29/08

Mobile phones … 10/29/08 Users worldwide

Digital Video Broadcasting Handheld DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld) was formally adopted as ETSI standard EN 302 304 in November 2004 Aims to provide digital TV to mobile devices Combines traditional television broadcast standards with elements specific to handheld devices mobility, smaller screens and antennas, indoor coverage and reliance on battery power 10/29/08

DVB-H (Digital Video Broadcasting - Handheld) was formally adopted as ETSI standard EN 302 304 in November 2004

Aims to provide digital TV to mobile devices

Combines traditional television broadcast standards with elements specific to handheld devices

mobility, smaller screens and antennas, indoor coverage and reliance on battery power

Then came along High Definition TV … 10/29/08 Your new HDTV needs an HD feed Most TV program still in standard definition SD typically looks terrible on an HDTV

Your new HDTV needs an HD feed

Most TV program still in standard definition

SD typically looks terrible on an HDTV

DVB-S2 … Developed in 2003 and ratified by ETSI (EN 302307) in March 2005 The development of DVB-S2 coincided with the introduction of HDTV and H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC)‏ Transmission of one or more MPEG-2 A/V streams , using QPSK or 8PSK or MAPSK (M-ary amplitude and phase shift keying) modulation with concatenated encoding. Changing encoding parameters in real time (VCM, Variable Coding and Modulation)‏ ACM (Adaptive Coding and Modulation) which optimizes the transmission parameters for various users. 10/29/08

Developed in 2003 and ratified by ETSI (EN 302307) in March 2005

The development of DVB-S2 coincided with the introduction of HDTV and H.264 (MPEG-4 AVC)‏

Transmission of one or more MPEG-2 A/V streams , using QPSK or 8PSK or MAPSK (M-ary amplitude and phase shift keying) modulation with concatenated encoding.

Changing encoding parameters in real time (VCM, Variable Coding and Modulation)‏

ACM (Adaptive Coding and Modulation) which optimizes the transmission parameters for various users.

DVB-T2 (BBC-T2) … OFDM modulation with a large number of sub-carriers (up to 256)‏ LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) coding combined with BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengham) for error correction options : number of carriers, guard interval sizes and pilot signals to minimize the overheads for any channel. New Rotated Constellations technique for additional robustness Separate adjustment of each delivered service also allowing tailored transmissions (decoding only a single program rather than a whole multiplex)‏ Transmitter diversity method (Alamouti coding)‏ Future Extension Frames for compatible extensions 10/29/08

OFDM modulation with a large number of sub-carriers (up to 256)‏

LDPC (Low Density Parity Check) coding combined with BCH (Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengham) for error correction

options : number of carriers, guard interval sizes and pilot signals to minimize the overheads for any channel.

New Rotated Constellations technique for additional robustness

Separate adjustment of each delivered service also allowing tailored transmissions (decoding only a single program rather than a whole multiplex)‏

Transmitter diversity method (Alamouti coding)‏

Future Extension Frames for compatible extensions

Other DVB standards … DVB-SH, Satellite services to Handheld devices (SH) below 3 GHz DVB-SI, Service information DVB-IPDC, Internet Protocol Datacasting DVB-IPTV, Framework for the Delivery of DVB-Services over IP-based Networks DVB-GSE, Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) Protocol Etc … http://www.dvb.org/technology/standards/index.xml 10/29/08

DVB-SH, Satellite services to Handheld devices (SH) below 3 GHz

DVB-SI, Service information

DVB-IPDC, Internet Protocol Datacasting

DVB-IPTV, Framework for the Delivery of DVB-Services over IP-based Networks

DVB-GSE, Generic Stream Encapsulation (GSE) Protocol

Etc … http://www.dvb.org/technology/standards/index.xml

Life of a standard … 1 ) Commercial Module based on market needs. set of user requirements that outline the user functions, timescales and price range. 2 ) A DVB specification developed in the Technical Module and its Working Groups. technological implications examined and available technologies are explored. 3) The Steering Board gives final approval of the specification and offers it for standardization New CALL for Technology DVB-C2 10/29/08

1 ) Commercial Module based on market needs.

set of user requirements that outline the user functions, timescales and price range.

2 ) A DVB specification developed in the Technical Module and its Working Groups.

technological implications examined and available technologies are explored.

3) The Steering Board gives final approval of the specification and offers it for standardization

New CALL for Technology DVB-C2

Exercises … [email_address] Create a ’new n simple’ broadcast idea Commercial requirements (studies, trend, idea …)‏ Technical requirements (research new R&D and apply it to your idea, and bring back the references)‏ Present and advertise it among students, and bring back the proof. Class will be the final steering board that gives the decision Good Presentation + good report + class happy = pass  10/29/08

[email_address]

Create a ’new n simple’ broadcast idea

Commercial requirements (studies, trend, idea …)‏

Technical requirements (research new R&D and apply it to your idea, and bring back the references)‏

Present and advertise it among students, and bring back the proof.

Class will be the final steering board that gives the decision

Good Presentation + good report + class happy = pass 