Instructional Design Unit 4

Client Surveys Contains: List of objectives Identification of who you will interview A list of topics for the interview A list of questions A checklist for recording answers

Contains:

List of objectives

Identification of who you will interview

A list of topics for the interview

A list of questions

A checklist for recording answers

Your Client Surveys Must be completed today Examples on pages 44 and 45 of your text book An example on the blog

Must be completed today

Examples on pages 44 and 45 of your text book

An example on the blog

Unit 4 Learning Theories

Y O U R S E N S E S Short-Term (0.5 - 2.0 sec) Short-Term Store 20 sec. Long-Term Memory Transformed or coded data become part of knowledge system Memory and Information-Processing DATA LOST FROM THE SYSTEM TARGET AUDIENCE

What is learning? Active Persistent change in behavior Experience + Interactions ( Reiser and Dempsey ) Personal - but can be a social process

Active

Persistent change in behavior

Experience + Interactions ( Reiser and Dempsey )

Personal - but can be a social process

Learning Retention

Three Domains in Learning Cognitive: mental skills ( Knowledge ) Affective: growth in feelings or emotional areas ( Attitude ) Psychomotor: manual or physical skills ( Skills ) – not so much in higher ed.

Cognitive: mental skills ( Knowledge )

Affective: growth in feelings or emotional areas ( Attitude )

Psychomotor: manual or physical skills ( Skills ) – not so much in higher ed.

Three Learning Theories in ISD Behaviorism Cognitive Psychology Constructivism

Behaviorism

Cognitive Psychology

Constructivism

Behaviorism Mental processes are vague Mental processes can only be inferred Behaviors can be understood

Mental processes are vague

Mental processes can only be inferred

Behaviors can be understood

Behaviorism Effective in training Uses immediate feedback Textbooks, computers, audio-visual devices Connections between input and output Can’t explain complex human performances

Effective in training

Uses immediate feedback

Textbooks, computers, audio-visual devices

Connections between input and output

Can’t explain complex human performances

Cognitive Psychology how learners acquire knowledge and skills Problem-solving processes The mind = information processing system ISD has adopted strategies from cognitive psychology

how learners acquire knowledge and skills

Problem-solving processes

The mind = information processing system

ISD has adopted strategies from cognitive psychology

Constructivism Knowledge is constructed Learning based upon own experiences Learning cannot be pre-determined Involves the learner in goal-setting and learning experiences Difficulties in assessment procedures

Knowledge is constructed

Learning based upon own experiences

Learning cannot be pre-determined

Involves the learner in goal-setting and learning experiences

Difficulties in assessment procedures

Theory Strengths Behaviorist Cognitive Constructivist Real life application Develop Concepts Problem-solving skills

Behaviorist

Cognitive

Constructivist

Real life application

Develop Concepts

Problem-solving skills

Implications of Theories for ISD Behaviorist - easily applied Cognitive Psychology - helps identify the processes of learning Constructivist - used in the design An IS Designer must apply theories to practice.

Behaviorist - easily applied

Cognitive Psychology - helps identify the processes of learning

Constructivist - used in the design

An IS Designer must apply theories to practice.

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Begins with a problem situation Uses a problem-based tutorial Students work in small groups Compatible with a constructivist approach Follows systematic design principles

Begins with a problem situation

Uses a problem-based tutorial

Students work in small groups

Compatible with a constructivist approach

Follows systematic design principles

The ISD Paradigm Must we start with new assumptions? ADDIE model based on cognitive science? Is the Core Process “Behaviorist?” ISD “Constructivist?” How can we tell? What do these terms mean?

Must we start with new assumptions?

ADDIE model based on cognitive science?

Is the Core Process “Behaviorist?”

ISD “Constructivist?”

How can we tell?

What do these terms mean?