The human body

The Human Body Different Parts and their Functions

The Skeletal System
Used for support and protection
Contain marrow to make blood cells and immune cells.
Can grow, repair and adapt to the environment

Soccer leg break
Soccer ankle break

Muscles
There are 3 types of muscles in your body.
Skeletal muscles- move bones and are voluntary meaning you control the movement. They are striated or striped.
Smooth muscles- are involuntary meaning they go on their own and are found in organs, blood vessels and skin. They are not striated.
Cardiac muscle in found only in the heart and is involuntary. It has striations but are different than skeletal muscle.

stop Eyewitness Skeleton Skeleton/Muscle Label

Circulatory/Respiratory
Circulatory is the heart, arteries and blood vessels in your body.
Respiratory are the lungs.
Both work closely together to move oxygenated blood throughout your entire body.

Pharynx- filters dirt, dust and bacteria
Epiglottis- flap of tissue at the end of the pharynx that prevents food or liquid from getting into your lungs
Larynx- vocal chords are attached here and muscles move the chords
Trachea- tube lined with mucus and cilia that allows air to go into the lungs, lined with cartilage to keep it open always

Lungs- cone-shaped organs filled with layers of spongy material. Has 3 lobes and can expand.
Bronchi- trachea splits into 2 tubes and these carry air
Bronchioles- each bronchi branches off into thousands of smaller tubes
Alveoli- tiny clusters of air sacs and oxygen diffuses from them into the capillaries into the bloodstream. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the capillaries back to the alveoli to be re-oxygenated.
Diaphragm- muscle that sits below the lungs and contracts and relaxes as you breathe.

Vocal chords moving

Circulatory/Respiratory System
The human heart has 4 chambers.
Two chambers hold deoxygenated blood and two chambers hold oxygenated blood.
The heart contains several valves that open and close allowing blood through the heart.
The aorta is the biggest and longest artery in the body. It is in the heart.
Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry blood from the lungs to the heart.

Digestive System
Esophagus- tube in the throat that squeezes the food into the stomach
Stomach-bag like organ where food is digested
Small intestine- longest part of the digestive system,nutrients are absorbed
Large intestine- water is reabsorbed and waste is made
Salivary glands- there are 6 and help break down foods in the mouth
Liver- breaks down fats and processes nutrients. It also acts as a filter for wastes and toxins
Pancreas- produces enzymes to break down foods, also part of the endocrine system (produces insulin)
Gallbladder- stores the bile the liver produces and puts it into the small intestine, can be removed

Lymphatic/Urinary System
The urinary tract contains:
Ureters- tubes connecting the kidneys to the bladder
Bladder- elastic storage sac that holds the urine
Kidneys- one of each side of the body, all of the blood passes through the kidneys and is filtered and urine is made
Urethra- urine travels through this tube from the bladder and out of the body

Lymphatic/ Urinary System
The lymphatic system carries fluid through your body and uses a system of vessels.
Helps fight off disease.
Contains lymphocytes (white blood cells) that fight infections.
Lymph nodes- bean shaped structures where foreign materials are filtered
Major lymph nodes are tonsils, thymus and spleen.
Lymph nodes swell up when you are sick.

Organ Review
You need to know the function, location and look of these major organs:
Heart-pumps blood
Lungs-removes oxygen from the air
Liver-filters toxins, processed food
Stomach-processes food
Kidneys-filters blood, makes urine
Brain-controls body
Small intestine-absorbs nutrients
Large intestine-absorbs water, creates waste
Bladder-hold urine
Pancreas-releases insulin to process sugar
Esophagus-swallows food

Nervous/Endocrine Systems
The endocrine system helps control the body by releasing hormones.
Hormones only work on specific tissues or organs.
Major glands of the endocrine system are:
Pituitary- master gland, controls other glands and controls the reproductive organs
Pancreas-produces insulin to control blood sugar levels
Thyroid- controls metabolism
Parathyroid- regulate levels of calcium and phosphate
Adrenal- creates adrenaline and 30 other hormones.

Nervous/Endocrine Systems
The nervous system keep everything in homeostasis or balance.
The nervous system is divided into two parts:
Central nervous system-brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system- all the other nerves in your body
Need to know the 3 main parts of the brain- cerebrum, cerebellum and medulla and their functions.

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The human body

by Tia Hohler on May 26, 2010

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