Wild & Weird Ideas: An Overview of Ruby 1.9

Wild & Weird Ideas An overview of Ruby 1.9 LRUG 10th december 2007

What is it? • The last odd-numbered release before Ruby 2.0 • “Wild &RubyConf Ideas” Weird - Matz, 2005 • More open development • http://www.rcrchive.net/

When is it coming out? Christmas 2007

The Biggest Change becomes

The Biggest Change ... but let’s not complain ours isn’t much better!

The Real Biggest Change YARV

YARV 3 Things It Means To Us 1. New developer • not matz-bound 2. Better Performance • in places 3. Native threads • vs. green threads

Other Changes Module#*_instance_methods Enumerable#first(n) Limit input Enumerable#cycle Method#name String#bytes Symbol#=== matches strings Removed Exception#to_str Array.try_convert Module#class_variable_defined? $SAFE and bound methods String no longer an Enumerable String#upto Enumerable#inject (#reduce) without a block Hash#to_s is equivalent to Hash#inspect Method#owner Non-blocking IO Enumerator#rewind String#partition, #rpartition Arity of blocks without arguments Struct#inspect Enumerable#group_by Process.daemon IO#lines String#lines Array#[m,n] = nil places nil in the array GC.stress, GC.stress= Range#include? Fiber: coroutines/micro-threads Array#nitems Hash#_compare_by_identity, #compare_by_identity? Object#=~ Enumerable methods called without a block Method#receiver Enumerable#count Mandatory arguments after optional arguments allowed String#encoding #to_path in File.<blah> Module#const_defined?, #const_get Dir.exist? New File and Dir operations ?c semantics Array#to_s is equivalent to Array#inspect Method used for splat arguments: #to_splat Regexp#=== matches symbols #class_variable_{set,get} Block argument to Array#index, Array#rindex String#ord #instance_exec Zero-length symbols allowed IO.try_convert Semantics for Hash#each and Hash#each_pair Deprecated: StringScanner Proc#yield Deprecated: Kernel#getc New literal hash syntax Block local variables Binding#eval Range#min, Range#max send doesn't always call private methods anymore Deprecated: Object#type Numeric#upto, #downto, #times, #step BasicObject Process.exec IO#bytes Enumerable#reduce proc is now a synonym of Proc.new Integer#pred Deprecated: Kernel.to_a Multiple splats allowed Kernel#require Enumerator#with_index StringIO#readpartial Dir.[], Dir.glob Enumerable#each_with_index Passing blocks to #[] Module#attr is an alias of attr_reader News semantics for block arguments String.try_convert Symbols: restriction on literal symbols Regexp.try_convert Deprecated: File.exists? Deprecated: Hash#index Method#hash, Proc#hash IO#ungetc, StringIO#ungetc IO#getc Block arguments are always local Deprecated: Symbol#to_int Extra subclassing check when binding UnboundMethods Equality of exceptions Deprecated: Removed Array and Hash #indices, #indexes Enumerable#find_index Symbol#to_proc Integer#odd?, #even? .() and calling Procs without #call/#[] Deprecated:VERSION and friends Symbol#intern Timezone information preserved on Marshal.dump/load Block arguments Kernel#define_singleton_method Process.setrlimit Hash#select Kernel#open Array#pop, Array#shift Array#product IO#initialize now accepts an IO argument String#force_encoding Symbol methods similar to those in String Kernel#singleton_methods, Kernel#methods Regexp#match, String#match Math#log and Math#log2 Array#combination String#unpack with a block defined? and local variables Newlines allowed before ternary colon String#hash Numeric#scalar?, Complex#scalar? quot;One-char-widequot; semantics for String#[] and String#[]= Enumerator#each #module_exec String#each_char Enumerable#min_by, #max_by Numeric#fdiv SystemStackError Enumerable#drop Range#cover? Arguments to #[] Integer(nil) raises TypeError Enumerable#minmax, #minmax_by Symbol#encoding Deprecated: ENV.index Proc#lambda? String#start_with?, #end_with? String#clear Numeric#div __method__ and __callee__ Object#tap Hash.try_convert Array#permutation Enumerable#zip New format in Time#to_s String has encoding-awareness Enumerable#take NameError Class variables are not inherited IO & StringIO #getbyte, #readbyte Class of singleton classes Kernel#instance_variable_defined? New syntax for lambdas printf-style formatted strings (%)

Other Changes a lot

New Syntax

irb> c = -> (a, b) {a.times{puts b}} => #<Proc:0x48adf0@(irb):34 (lambda)> irb> c.call(2, 'hello') hello hello => 2

irb> c = ->(a, b = ‘muz’) do irb* a.times{puts b} irb> end => #<Proc:0x52f17a@(irb):50 (lambda)> irb> c.call(1) muz => 1

irb> c = ->(a, b, &c) do irb* a.times{c.call(b)} irb> end => #<Proc:0x65cd68@(irb):36 (lambda)> irb> c.call(2, 'hello'){|b| puts b*2} hellohello hellohello => 2

irb> def lolmatz(n1, v=‘SPESIFY’, n2) irb> “IN YR #{n1} #{v}IN YR #{n2}” irb> end => nil irb> lolmatz(‘RUBY’,’LANGUJ’) => “IN YR RUBY SPESIFYIN YR LANGUJ”

irb> c = -> (a, b) {a.times{puts b}} => #<Proc:0x48adf0@(irb):34 (lambda)> irb> c.(2, 'hello') hello hello => 2

irb> num = [1,2,3] irb> bers = [4,5,6] irb> numbers = [*num, *bers] => [1,2,3,4,5,6]

Changes to the Standard Library

String • Encoding aware • methods are char, not byte, based now • open(‘blah.txt’, ‘r:utf-8’) • # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- • Bye Bye: $KCODE and jcode • No longer an Enumerable

Enumerable • Enumerable::Enumerator part of core • Enumerable methods without a block • [1,2,3].map.with_index {|item, idx| ...} • #inject without block • [1,2,3].inject(:+) #=> 6

Symbol • Symbol#to_proc • [”matz”, “koichi”].map(&:upcase) #=> [“MATZ”, “KOICHI”] • Treated more like Strings • #encoding, #empty?, #upcase, #[], #match, etc... • #===

IO • Non blocking IO • Limit input in read/get methods • Oddness: doesn’t appear to be encoding aware

Misc. • BasicObject at top of class hierarchy • Class variables (@@woo) not inherited • proc is now Proc.new instead of lambda • Proc#yield a method for yield keyword • send shouldn’t invoke private methods

The Ruby Ecosystem • Rubygems • 0.9.5 is ruby 1.9 compatible • Rake • Rails • ticket #1689 says Rails 2.1 • mongrel • http://www.moriq.com/ruby/1.9/log/

How do I get it? • Wait till Christmas? • http://svn.ruby-lang.org/repos/ruby/trunk • Tiger users - upgrade your bison • Windows binaries available

~ﬁn~

• http://eigenclass.org/hiki.rb?Changes+in+Ruby+1.9 • http://www.atdot.net/yarv/rc2006_sasada_yarv_on_rails.pdf • http://learnruby.com/ruby-1.9.html • http://www.rubyinside.com/so-heres-the-new-ruby-logo-639.html • http://www.ruby-lang.org/en/community/ruby-core/ • http://www.rubyist.net/~matz/slides/ • http://blog.grayproductions.net/categories/the_ruby_vm_interview

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Wild & Weird Ideas: An Overview of Ruby 1.9

by Murray Steele on Dec 13, 2007

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