Session 2: Emergency Management: Past, Present, & Future Need to understand public management as the context for emergency management What is EM and why do we need it? How EM emerged EM in the public sector: key organizations and functions Major changes underway

Need to understand public management as the context for emergency management

What is EM and why do we need it?

How EM emerged

EM in the public sector: key organizations and functions

Major changes underway

Emergency Management in the U.S. Basic characteristics of the American federal system Role and functions of each level of gov’t Role of the President Interest groups and public policy Public sector involvement in EM

Basic characteristics of the American federal system

Role and functions of each level of gov’t

Role of the President

Interest groups and public policy

Public sector involvement in EM

EM at the Federal Level Variety of authorities, agencies, and response plans Main categories: natural hazards; industrial/technological threats; and human- induced, including terrorism History of federal involvement and trends re centralization of EM

Variety of authorities, agencies, and response plans

Main categories: natural hazards; industrial/technological threats; and human- induced, including terrorism

History of federal involvement and trends re centralization of EM

Major Federal Response Plans The National Contingency Plan (NCP) The Federal Response Plan (FRP), including the Terrorism Annex; and The Concept of Operations Plan (CONPLAN) Other plans exist for telecommunications, immigration, and other emergencies.

The National Contingency Plan (NCP)

The Federal Response Plan (FRP), including the Terrorism Annex; and

The Concept of Operations Plan (CONPLAN)

Other plans exist for telecommunications, immigration, and other emergencies.

Lessons Learned About EM Experiential knowledge is documented by practitioners and by researchers; an on-going endeavor Examples: Importance of CEM Value of Mitigation Planning and Preparedness pay off Difficulties of sustaining interest, and commitment

Experiential knowledge is documented by practitioners and by researchers; an on-going endeavor

Examples:

Importance of CEM

Value of Mitigation

Planning and Preparedness pay off

Difficulties of sustaining interest, and

commitment

Past Disasters as Milestones Major disasters often result in significant changes in law, policies, organizations, and processes regarding emergency management Changes may be made at all levels and in all sectors, if response and recovery went badly Some past events are “focusing events” that have a variety of outcomes, some of which lead to new and better ways to do EM in the future.

Major disasters often result in significant changes in law, policies, organizations, and processes regarding emergency management

Changes may be made at all levels and in all sectors, if response and recovery went badly

Some past events are “focusing events” that have a variety of outcomes, some of which lead to new and better ways to do EM in the future.

Some Milestone Events Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1988) – led to major changes in the NCP and in the National Response System. Hurricane Andrew (1992) – led to major changes in the FRP and at FEMA. World Trade Center attack (2001) – led to major organizational changes, including the formation of the Office and then Dept. of Homeland Security.

Exxon Valdez Oil Spill (1988) – led to major changes in the NCP and in the National Response System.

Hurricane Andrew (1992) – led to major changes in the FRP and at FEMA.

World Trade Center attack (2001) – led to major organizational changes, including the formation of the Office and then Dept. of Homeland Security.

Dept. of Homeland Security Triggering incidents were the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks Preceded by the Office of H.S. in the Exec. Office of the President (Oct.2001- March 2003) Enabling legislation dated Nov. 25, 2002; actual creation of the dept. will occur in 2003 Largest federal reorganization in more than 50 years: 22 agencies and 170,000 personnel are involved

Triggering incidents were the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks

Preceded by the Office of H.S. in the Exec. Office of the President (Oct.2001- March 2003)

Enabling legislation dated Nov. 25, 2002; actual creation of the dept. will occur in 2003

Largest federal reorganization in more than 50 years: 22 agencies and 170,000 personnel are involved

Homeland Security References Dept. of Homeland Security ( www.dhs.gov ) State level departments of H.S. ( www.nga.org ) Local level information ( www.iaem.com ) Anser ( www.answer.com ) Govexec.com ( www.govexec.com )

Dept. of Homeland Security ( www.dhs.gov )

State level departments of H.S. ( www.nga.org )

Local level information ( www.iaem.com )

Anser ( www.answer.com )

Govexec.com ( www.govexec.com )