The 19 th Century 1800 – 1900 (1850 to 1930)‏

Eugene Delacroix Liberty leading the People ; Painted on 28 July 1830,

Chronology 1832 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph 1848 The Californian gold rush 1859 The publication of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species 1861 The outbreak of the American Civil War 1861 The serfs freed in Russia 1864 Henri Dunant founds the Red Cross

1832 Samuel Morse invents the telegraph

1848 The Californian gold rush

1859 The publication of Darwin’s On the Origin of Species

1861 The outbreak of the American Civil War

1861 The serfs freed in Russia

1864 Henri Dunant founds the Red Cross

1869 The Sues Canal is opened 1874 The first Impressionist exhibition is held in Paris 1885 Karl Benz builds the first motor car 1895 Marconi transmits the first wireless signal 1903 The Wright brothers make the first flight in an aircraft 1904 The Russo-Japanese War 1929 Alexander Fleming discovers penicillin

Overview of 19 th Century Art Neoclassical - 1750’s to 1800’s Romanticism – 1800’s to 1850’s Realism – 1840’s to Late 1800’s Pre-Raphaelites- 1848 Impressionism – 1870’s to 1890’s Post Impressionism – 1880’s to early 1900’s Neo-impressionism 1886 - 1906 Fauvism - 1905 Cubism – 1907

Neoclassical - 1750’s to 1800’s

Romanticism – 1800’s to 1850’s

Realism – 1840’s to Late 1800’s

Pre-Raphaelites- 1848

Impressionism – 1870’s to 1890’s

Post Impressionism – 1880’s to early 1900’s

Neo-impressionism 1886 - 1906

Fauvism - 1905

Cubism – 1907

Thomas Sully Queen Victoria, 1838

Queen Victoria’s Movements

Lord Leighton Oh for the Wings of a Dove

My House on the Thames, 2005

Joseph Wright The Vacuum Pump

Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood 1848 Main artists William Holman Hunt John Everett Millais Dante Gabriel Rossetti William Morris Characteristics of their work: Great attention to detail Bright colours Subject matter noble Religious Moralizing Characteristics of their movement Seriousness Sincerity Truth to nature Intent to raise the standard of British art

1848

Main artists

William Holman Hunt

John Everett Millais

Dante Gabriel Rossetti

William Morris

Characteristics of their work:

Great attention to detail

Bright colours

Subject matter

noble

Religious

Moralizing

Characteristics of their movement

Seriousness

Sincerity

Truth to nature

Intent to raise the standard of British art

John Everett Millais Ophelia

Dante Gabriel Rossetti Lady Lilith, 1867

Sir Edward Coley Burne-Jones The Love Song 1868–?1873

William Morris Length of printed cotton, 19th–20th century

William Morris "Pink and Rose" wallpaper design, ca. 1890

Biba

Antoine Wiertz Buried Alive, 1854

Pierre-Étienne-Théodore Rousseau The Edge of the Woods at Monts-Girard, 1854

Pierre-Étienne-Théodore Rousseau

The Edge of the Woods at Monts-Girard, 1854

Charles-François Daubigny On the Banks of the Oise, 1864

Charles-François Daubigny On the Banks of the Oise, 1864

Impressionists 1874 Characteristics of their work: Short, broken brushstrokes Pure unblended colours Emphasis on the effects of light. Modern subject matter Characteristics of the movement: Embraced modern life Incorporated new technology and ideas of the time Rejected the established styles of the Academy New clientele Monet Pissarro Claude Monet Edgar Degas Pierre-Auguste Renoir Berthe Morisot Alfred Sisley Camille Pissarro Mary Cassatt

Characteristics of their work:

Short, broken brushstrokes

Pure unblended colours

Emphasis on the effects of light.

Modern subject matter

Characteristics of the movement:

Embraced modern life

Incorporated new technology and ideas of the time

Rejected the established styles of the Academy

New clientele

Monet

Pissarro

Claude Monet

Edgar Degas

Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Berthe Morisot

Alfred Sisley

Camille Pissarro

Mary Cassatt

Claude Monet La Grenouillère, 1869

Claude Monet

La Grenouillère, 1869

James Whistler The Peacock Room, 1876

Alfred Sisley Allée of Chestnut Trees

Alfred Sisley

Allée of Chestnut Trees

Kano Sansetsu The Old Plum Edo period (1615–1868), ca. 1645

Kano Sansetsu

The Old Plum Edo period (1615–1868), ca. 1645

Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas Dancers Practicing at the Bar 1877

Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas Dancers in the Rehearsal Room with a Double Bass, 1882–85

Hilaire-Germain-Edgar Degas

Dancers in the Rehearsal Room with a Double Bass, 1882–85

Mary Cassatt Mother and Child (The Oval Mirror), ca. 1889

Kitagawa Utamaro Midnight: The Hours of the Rat; Mother and Sleepy Child Edo period (1615–1868), ca. 1790

Mary Cassatt Maternal Caress 1891 Dry point and soft-ground etching, third state, printed in colour

Mary Cassatt Mother Playing with Child, ca. 1897

Édouard Manet Boating , 1874

Édouard Manet

Boating , 1874

Post Impressionism Late 1880’s Main artists Paul Gauguin Georges Seurat Vincent van Gogh Paul Cezanne Characteristics of their work: Simplified colours Definitive forms Abstract tendencies Characteristics of the movement: Breaking free from naturalism Expressing emotions Themes of deeper symbolism

Main artists

Paul Gauguin

Georges Seurat

Vincent van Gogh

Paul Cezanne

Characteristics of their work:

Simplified colours

Definitive forms

Abstract tendencies

Characteristics of the movement:

Breaking free from naturalism

Expressing emotions

Themes of deeper symbolism

Vincent Van Gogh Portrait de Le Artist sans Barbe, 1889

Paul Gauguin Nave Nave Moe, 1894

Maurice Denis Spring Landscape with Figures, 1897

Pierre Bonnard Interieur, 1913

Toshusai Sharaku Otani Oniji II 1794

Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec Moulin Rouge - La Goulue, 1891

Neo-Impressionists 1886 to 1906 Main artists Georges Seurat Paul Signac Maximilien Luce Henri-Edmond Cross Characteristics of their work: Placing dabs of pure colour adjacent to one another Characteristics of the movement: renounced the random spontaneity of Impressionism Favoured more measured technique Influenced by scientific studies of the time

Main artists

Georges Seurat

Paul Signac

Maximilien Luce

Henri-Edmond Cross

Characteristics of their work:

Placing dabs of pure colour adjacent to one another

Characteristics of the movement:

renounced the random spontaneity of Impressionism

Favoured more measured technique

Influenced by scientific studies of the time

Georges Seurat Les Poseuses, 1887

Georges Seurat Study for A Sunday on La Grande Jatte , 1884–85

Georges Seurat

Study for A Sunday on La Grande Jatte , 1884–85

Paul Signac Grand Canal, Venice, 1905

Fauvism Early 1900’s Main artists Henri Matisse André Derain Maurice de Vlaminck Georges Braque Raoul Dufy. Characteristics of their work: Bold undisguised brushstrokes High-key vibrant colour Used coloured planes to define space Characteristics of the movement: First Avant-garde movement to flourish in France First to break with Impressionism and with traditional methods of perception Subjective response to nature reject traditional three-dimensional space

Main artists

Henri Matisse

André Derain

Maurice de Vlaminck

Georges Braque

Raoul Dufy.

Characteristics of their work:

Bold undisguised brushstrokes

High-key vibrant colour

Used coloured planes to define space

Characteristics of the movement:

First Avant-garde movement to flourish in France

First to break with Impressionism and with traditional methods of perception

Subjective response to nature

reject traditional three-dimensional space

Henri Matisse Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris Luxe, calme et volupté, 1904–5

Henri Matisse The Young Sailor II, Summer–Winter 1906

Henri Matisse San Francisco Museum of Art Woman with a Hat, autumn 1905

Rescan Andre Derain La Tamise et Tower Bridge, 1906

Cubism Main Artists: Pablo Picasso Georges Braque Paul Cezanne Juan Gris Characteristics of the work: Flat planes Multiple viewpoints No aerial perspective, but multiple vanishing points Emphasis on the 2dimensionality of the canvas Reduced objects into fractured forms Subjects were discernable early on and were further dissected in later years. Characteristics of the Movement: Rejected the doctrine that they should copy nature Rejected traditional perspective techniques

Main Artists:

Pablo Picasso

Georges Braque

Paul Cezanne

Juan Gris

Characteristics of the work:

Flat planes

Multiple viewpoints

No aerial perspective, but multiple vanishing points

Emphasis on the 2dimensionality of the canvas

Reduced objects into fractured forms

Subjects were discernable early on and were further dissected in later years.

Characteristics of the Movement:

Rejected the doctrine that they should copy nature

Rejected traditional perspective techniques

Paul Cezanne Still Life with Apples, 1893

Georges Braque Verre et as de Trefle, 1917

Pablo Picasso Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907

Pablo Picasso

Les Demoiselles d'Avignon, 1907

Pablo Picasso Girl Reading at a Table, 1934 Juan Gris Violin and Playing Cards, 1913

Pablo Picasso Girl Reading at a Table, 1934

Marcel Duchamp Nude Descending a Staircase (No. 2), 1912

Once again….. The End for now……….

Expressionism

Edvard Munch The Scream, 1893

Edvard Munch Madonna, 1893

Mikhail Vrubel Lilacs, 1900

Henri Rousseau The Merry Jesters, 1906

Wassily Kandinsky Couple Riding a Horse 1907

Gustav Klimt The Kiss, 1907

Egon Schiele Liegender Halbakt mit Rolem, 1910

Amedeo Modigliani Beatrice Hastings Assise, 1915

Theo Van Doesburg Vetrata Konpositie V in Lood, 1918

Paul Klee Moonshine, 1919

Wassily Kandinsky Ship and Red Sun, 1925

Joseph Sima Midday, 1928

Surrealism

Giorgio de Chirico The Song of Love, 1914

Rene Margritte Untitled, 1926

Salvador Dali An Average Atmospherocephalic, 1933 The Enigma of Desire, 1929

1914 Henry Ford begins mass production of the Model ‘T’ Ford car 1914 Outbreak of World War I 1917 Start of the Russian Revolution 1918 End of World War I 1929 Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia established as new countries 1924 The death of Lenin 1926 Television is first successfully demonstrated in Britain

1933 Hitler becomes the German Chancellor 1937 The Japanese invasion of China 1939 The outbreak of World War II 1942 Nuclear chain reaction produced in Chicago by Enrico Fermi 1944 The production of the first digital computer 1945 End of World War II 1947 India and Pakistan become independent republics 1956 Soviet forces crush the uprising in Hungary 1957 The Treaty of Rome establishes the European Economic Community 1966 The Cultural Revolution begins in China