Layout – Product & Process http://flickr.com/photos/butterflysha/140523563/

Layout Arrangement of a facility to provide; working, service, reception, storage and administrative areas

Types of Layout Service Product Layout Appropriate when large quantities of product or people need to be moved smoothly through the system Movie theatre Theme park Recreational park Airline check in Museum http://flickr.com/search/?l=4&w=all&q=lining+up&m=text

Service Product Layout

Appropriate when large quantities of product or people need to be moved smoothly through the system

Movie theatre

Theme park

Recreational park

Airline check in

Museum

Service Product Layout Advantages High levels of output achieved Supervision, planning and control easier Staff training reduced to operational specialisation Minimum work-in-progress and materials handling costs Disadvantages Jobs routine and de-motivating Inflexibility when change necessary Breakdown in one area can result in entire operation being stopped

Advantages

High levels of output achieved

Supervision, planning and control easier

Staff training reduced to operational specialisation

Minimum work-in-progress and materials handling costs

Disadvantages

Jobs routine and de-motivating

Inflexibility when change necessary

Breakdown in one area can result in entire operation being stopped

Types of Layout Service Process Layout Grouping together of all similar processes Department store Health and sports clubs Café and food Theme park Hotel

Service Process Layout

Grouping together of all similar processes

Department store

Health and sports clubs

Café and food

Theme park

Hotel

Service Process Layout Advantages General purpose machinery more flexible More varied work for staff Group identity stronger Individual incentive schemes Disadvantages Communications and supervision more difficult Individual resource use lower eg. A cash register for every departmental counter may only be used 10-15% during the week – whereas one cash register for the floor would be used 100% but there would be increased customer queuing

Advantages

General purpose machinery more flexible

More varied work for staff

Group identity stronger

Individual incentive schemes

Disadvantages

Communications and supervision more difficult

Individual resource use lower

eg. A cash register for every departmental counter may only be used 10-15% during the week – whereas one cash register for the floor would be used 100% but there would be increased customer queuing

Service Position Layout Certain types of products are required to be created on-site eg. In a restaurant the dining room is fixed. The customer is provided with everything necessary

Certain types of products are required to be created on-site

eg. In a restaurant the dining room is fixed. The customer is provided with everything necessary

Service Fixed Position Layout Advantages Repeat items – mean reduced operational times Efficiency, quality and quantity should be more than satisfactory Likely to be more standardisation Disadvantages Resources need to be tidied, reset and replenished before continuing eg. After a meal the table needs to be cleared before it can be used again

Advantages

Repeat items – mean reduced operational times

Efficiency, quality and quantity should be more than satisfactory

Likely to be more standardisation

Disadvantages

Resources need to be tidied, reset and replenished before continuing

eg. After a meal the table needs to be cleared before it can be used again

Requirements Safe Working Practice Staff training programmes should be provided to Familiarise staff with hazards, protective clothing, legal requirements, etc emergencies

Safe Working Practice

Staff training programmes should be provided to

Familiarise staff with hazards, protective clothing, legal requirements, etc

emergencies

Problems Bottleneck Operational blackspots unable to cope with the demands paced upon them eg. Entrance and exit the same Too few exit/payment channels Space too physically demanding

Bottleneck

Operational blackspots unable to cope with the demands paced upon them

eg. Entrance and exit the same

Too few exit/payment channels

Space too physically demanding

Problems Difficult to Supervise Too few supervisors Physical dimensions of space difficult to observe Facility for too many people to congregate at once

Difficult to Supervise

Too few supervisors

Physical dimensions of space difficult to observe

Facility for too many people to congregate at once

Problems Motivation Space not user friendly Too much walking around Room cooler Room warmer

Motivation

Space not user friendly

Too much walking around

Room cooler

Room warmer

Exercise Think of a facility you know well eg. shop, sports or information centre etc. Sketch a two dimensional ‘birds-eye view’ of the first floor layout. Identify any potential problems eg. students centre, museum Highlight what are good innovations Mark the health and safety features eg. Exit, signs, fire extinguishers etc

Think of a facility you know well eg. shop, sports or information centre etc. Sketch a two dimensional ‘birds-eye view’ of the first floor layout. Identify any potential problems

eg. students centre, museum

Highlight what are good innovations

Mark the health and safety features

eg. Exit, signs, fire extinguishers etc