1. Citizen Participation in Redistricting
Using Online GIS
Royce Jones
Esri
rjones@esri.com
@rajhawaii
7 March 2012 Hawaii Pacific GIS Conference

2. Voting, Reapportionment and
Redistricting in Hawaii:
How GIS Saved the Day
Hawaii GIS Day
17 November 2010
Royce Jones
rjones@esri.com
rajhawaii

3. Hawaii Redistricting 2001 – GIS Saves the Day!
Nov 29, 2001
Locally, a computerized interactive mapping system made drawing new
boundaries much quicker and easier than a decade ago, when slower
computers made it difficult to make any changes once proposed district
maps were printed.
David Rosenbrock, reapportionment project manager, said this new
system gave the commission more time to consider its decisions -- which
it did.
…”I think this commission -- because of the technology -- has had the
opportunity to make a decision, reconsider that decision based on public
testimony, and go back," he said.

4. Hawaii Redistricting 2011/12 – GIS Saves the Day!

5. Hawaii Redistricting 2011/12 – GIS Saves the Day!

6. Hawaii Redistricting 2011/12 – GIS Saves the Day!

7. Hawaii Redistricting 2011/12 – GIS Saves the Day!

8. Hawaii Redistricting 2011/12 – GIS Saves the Day!

9. Hawaii Redistricting 2011/12 – GIS Saves the Day!

10. Hawaii Redistricting 2011/12 – GIS Saves the Day!

11. Hawaii Redistricting 2011/12 – GIS Saves the Day!

12. Hawaii Redistricting 2011/12 – GIS Saves the Day!

13. Reapportionment and Redistricting 101
• Background – Three C’s
• Reapportionment and Redistricting Guidelines
• Federal House of Representatives
• State Senate and House

14. U.S. Constitution
• Article 1, Section 2, Clause 3
- Representatives “shall be apportioned among the several States
which may be included within this Union, according to their
respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the
whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to
Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed,
three fifths of all other Persons”.
• 14th Amendment, Section 2
- Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States
according to their respective numbers, counting the whole
number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed.
• 1940 Attorney General Opinion
- In 1940, it was determined that there were no longer any
American Indians who should be classed as "not taxed ".

15. U.S. Census

16. U.S. Census

17. U.S. Census
1790 U.S. Census
White males 16+ 20%
White males <16 20%
White females 40%
All other 2%
Slaves 18%

18. U.S. Census
1790 U.S. Census
White males 16+ 20%
White males <16 20%
White females 40%
All other 2%
Slaves 18%
Q: Who could vote?

19. U.S. Census
1790 U.S. Census
White males 16+ 20%
White males <16 20%
White females 40%
All other 2%
Slaves 18%
Q: Who could vote?
A: White male property owners

20. U.S. Census
Census Blocks total resident counts
In Hawaii,
80% of
block boundaries
are streets

21. U.S. Census
Census Blocks Follow natural and man-made features
In Hawaii,
80% of
block boundaries
are streets

22. U.S. Census
Census Blocks total resident counts (PL 94-171)
119 persons

23. U.S. Census
Census Blocks Can contain other census blocks

24. U.S. Census
• First U.S. Census in 1790
- Population: 3,929,214
- Largest city: New York City 33,131 0.8%
• U.S. Census in 1900
- Population: 76,212,168
- Largest city: New York City 3,437,202 4.5%
• U.S. Census in 2010
- Population: 308,745,538
- Largest city: New York City 8,175,133 2.6%
#2 Los Angeles 3,792,621 1.2%

25. Background – U.S. Census

26. Redistricting http://rosereport.org/stateleg/

27. Redistricting One Representative – 7 states

28. Redistricting State Legislature – 35 states

29. Redistricting Independent Leg Approve – 2 states

30. Redistricting Independent / Bipartisan – 6 states

31. Redistricting Bipartisan Reapportionment Commission

32. Redistricting Bipartisan Reapportionment Commission
• Nine members
- 2 appointed by the President of the Senate
- Shan Tsutsui Lorrie Lee Stone, Anthony Takitani
- 2 appointed by the Speaker of the House
- Calvin Say Clarice Hashimoto, Harold Masumoto
- 2 appointed by the Senate Minority Leader
- Sam Slom Calvert Chipchase, Elizabeth Moore
- 2 appointed by the House Minority Leader
- Gene Ward Dylan Nonaka, Terry Thomason
- Ninth member, the Chair, selected by the Hawaii Supreme Court
- Victoria Marks

33. Redistricting Bipartisan Reapportionment Commission
Bipartisan Advisory Councils Hawaii
Maui
• Nine members Oahu
Kauai
- 2 appointed by the President of the Senate
- Shan Tsutsui Lorrie Lee Stone, Anthony Takitani
- Richard Ha Christopher Chang Nathaniel Kinney Kaaina Hull
- 2 appointed by the Speaker of the House
- Calvin Say Clarice Hashimoto, Harold Masumoto
- James Arakaki Mark Andrews Glenn Ida Randall Nishimura
- 2 appointed by the Senate Minority Leader
- Sam Slom Calvert Chipchase, Elizabeth Moore
- Barry Lamb Fred Rohlfing Michael Palcic Joanne Georgi
- 2 appointed by the House Minority Leader
- Gene Ward Dylan Nonaka, Terry Thomason
- David Ross Madge Schaefer Linda Smith Laurie Yoshida
- Ninth member, the Chair, selected by the Hawaii Supreme Court
- Victoria Marks

34. Redistricting
State Congress
Hawaii Senate House
Maui Senate House
Kauai Senate House
Honolulu Senate House

35. Redistricting
Guidelines
- geometrically
• Compact - geographically
- no disconnects
• Contiguous
- no “one point” connections
• No submergence - preserve socio-economic communities
“where practicable”
• Population Deviations from Target
- Congress 1%
- Senate 10%
- House 10%
http://hawaii.gov/elections/reapportionment

36. Population Shift
Ten Year Population Growth by Basic Island Unit
(U.S. Census PL 94-171 data)
State 1,360,301 12% +148,764
Oahu 953,207 9% +77,051
Hawaii 185,079 24% +36,402
Maui 154,924 21% +26,683 1) population base
Kauai 67,091 15% +8,628
2) apportion representatives
(reapportionment)
3) draw district boundaries
(redistricting)

37. Population Shift

38. Population Shift

39. Population Shift

40. Population Shift

41. Population Shift

42. Population Shift

43. Reapportionment Among Basic Island Units
Ten Year Population Growth by Basic Island Unit
(U.S. Census PL 94-171 data)
State 1,360,301 12% +148,764
Oahu 953,207 9% +77,051 (52%)
Hawaii 185,079 24% +36,402 (24%)
Maui 154,924 21% +26,683 (18%) 1) population base
Kauai 67,091 15% +8,628 (6%)
2) apportion representatives
(reapportionment)
Kauai 3) draw district boundaries
(redistricting)
6%
Maui
18%
Oahu
52%
Hawaii
24%

44. Reapportionment Within Basic Island Units

45. District Targets – Ideal Population Balance
1) population base
2) apportion representatives
(reapportionment)
3) draw district boundaries
(redistricting)

46. District Targets – Ideal Population Balance
1) population base
2) apportion representatives
(reapportionment)
3) draw district boundaries
(redistricting)

47. District Targets – Ideal Population Balance
1) population base
2) apportion representatives
(reapportionment)
3) draw district boundaries
(redistricting)

48. Open Edit Review Share Submit
Hawaii Redistricting Online
https://redistricting.hawaii.gov/

49. Hawaii Redistricting Online
Open Edit Review Share Submit
• Hawaii Redistricting Online
- Create and share plans
- Username/password
- Requires Flash plug-in
- Online help documents
- Now available
https://redistricting.hawaii.gov/

50. Hawaii Redistricting Online
Open Edit Review Share Submit
Existing Your Your Your Your
Districts Plan Plan Plan Plan
Assign blocks Check compactness Export text Submit
Check deviations Check integrity Export KML
Change basemap Create reports Export shapefile

51. Hawaii Redistricting Online
https://redistricting.hawaii.gov/

52. Hawaii Redistricting Online - Edit
Data Design Edit Collaborate Review Publish
Existing New
Census
Congress Congress
Existing
Senate
Existing
House
Custom

53. Hawaii Redistricting Online - Edit
Data Design Edit Collaborate Review Publish
Existing New
Census
Congress Congress
Existing
Senate
Existing
House
Custom

54. Hawaii Redistricting Online - Edit
Data Design Edit Collaborate Review Publish
Existing New
Census
Congress Congress
Existing
Senate
Existing
House
Custom

55. Hawaii Redistricting Online - Edit
Data Design Edit Collaborate Review Publish
Existing New
Census
Congress Congress
Existing
Senate
Existing
House
Custom

56. Hawaii Redistricting Online - Edit
Data Design Edit Collaborate Review Publish
Existing New
Census
Congress Congress
Existing
Senate
Existing
House
Custom

57. Hawaii Redistricting Online - Edit
Data Design Edit Collaborate Review Publish
Existing New
Census
Congress Congress
Existing
Senate
Existing
House
Custom

58. Hawaii Redistricting Online - Edit
Data Design Edit Collaborate Review Publish
Existing New
Census
Congress Congress
Existing
Senate
Existing
House
Custom

70. Plans Submitted by the Public
225 accounts created
16 public plans submitted through August 9th
Congress 1 plan
Honolulu Senate 2 plans
Honolulu House 3 plans
Hawaii Senate 7 plans
Hawaii House 2 plans
Kauai House 1 plan

71. Existing (2001-2010) Senate Honolulu

72. Proposed Senate Honolulu

73. Existing (2001-2010) House Hawaii

74. Proposed House Hawaii

75. Proposed Plans – Reapportionment Website
http://hawaii.gov/elections/reapportionment

76. Proposed Plans – Static PDFs
http://hawaii.gov/elections/reapportionment

77. Proposed Plans – Static PDFs

78. Proposed Plans – Static PDFs

79. Proposed Plans – Static PDFs

80. Proposed Plans – Static PDFs

81. Proposed Plans – Static PDFs

82. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing
http://hawaii.gov/elections/reapportionment

83. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

84. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

85. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

86. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

87. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

88. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

89. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

90. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

91. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

92. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

93. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

94. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

95. Proposed Plans – Online Map for Viewing

96. Commission Schedule – Public Hearings
Aug 30 West Oahu 6:00 pm Kapolei High School Cafeteria
Aug 31 Central Maui 5:30 pm Maui Waena Intermediate School Cafeteria
Sep 1 West Maui 5:30 pm Lahaina Civic Center
Sep 2 Kauai 5:30 pm Kauai Council Chamber
Sep 6 Windward Oahu 6:00 pm Aikahi Elementary School Cafeteria
Sep 7 Honolulu 6:00 pm State Capitol Auditorium
Sep 8 Central Oahu 6:00 pm Mililani High School Cafeteria
Sep 9 Lanai 5:00 pm Lanai High School
Sep 12 Molokai 5:00 pm Kaunakakai School Cafeteria
Sep 13 East Hawaii 5:00 pm Hilo Council Chamber
Sep 14 West Hawaii 5:00 pm Kona Council Chamber
Sep 15 Leeward Oahu 6:00 pm Waipahu High School Cafeteria
Sep 16 East Oahu 6:00 pm Kalani High School Cafeteria

97. Open Edit Review Share Submit
Submitting Plan Adjustments
https://redistricting.hawaii.gov/

98. Open Edit Review Share Submit
Submitting Plan Adjustments
https://redistricting.hawaii.gov/

99. Open Edit Review Share Submit
Submitting Plan Adjustments
https://redistricting.hawaii.gov/

100. Open Edit Review Share Submit
Submitting Plan Adjustments
https://redistricting.hawaii.gov/

101. Open Edit Review Share Submit
Submitting Plan Adjustments
https://redistricting.hawaii.gov/

102. Open Edit Review Share Submit
Submitting Plan Adjustments
https://redistricting.hawaii.gov/

103. Changes from Feb 15 Proposed Maps
Newtown

104. Changes from Feb 15 Proposed Maps
Ocean Pointe / Hoakalei

105. Changes from Feb 15 Proposed Maps
Makakilo / Haleiwa / Waialua

106. Changes from Feb 15 Proposed Maps
Maunawili

107. Open Edit Review Share Submit
Citizen Engagement
309 accounts created
26 public plans submitted by September 15th
Congress 1 plan
Honolulu Senate 3 plans
Honolulu House 8 plans
Hawaii Senate 8 plans (3 plans received assume 4 Senate districts)
Hawaii House 5 plans
Kauai House 1 plan

108. Open Edit Review Share Submit
Citizen Engagement
586 accounts created as of March 6th
845 plans created as of March 6th

109. Citizen Engagement

110. Citizen Engagement
“Power to the people…”
- John Lennon

111. Citizen Engagement
“Maps can speak,
louder than words…”
- Geo Marley

112. Citizen Engagement
“Don’t just use your voice,
use your hands…”
- Jen Pahlka

113. Citizen Engagement
“Don’t just use your voice,
use your hands…
… and make a map”
- Map Buddha

114. Citizen Participation in Redistricting
Using Online GIS
Royce Jones
Esri
rjones@esri.com
@rajhawaii
7 March 2012 Hawaii Pacific GIS Conference