GPS Update for USGS Liaisons

GPS Constellation, Modernization Plans and Policy(Bonus: DOI GPS Survey)
Milo RobinsonDOI Senior Advisor
National Coordination OfficePosition Navigation and Timing
for
USGS Geospatial Liaisons
February, 2011

GPS enables a diverse array of applications
Satellite
Operations
Power Grids
Surveying & Mapping
Transit
Operations
NextGen
Precision Agriculture
Disease Control
TeleComm
IntelliDrive
Trucking & Shipping
Personal
Navigation
Oil Exploration
Fishing & Boating

3
Defense
Transportation
State
Interior
NATIONALEXECUTIVE COMMITTEEFOR SPACE-BASED PNT
Executive Steering Group
Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation
ADVISORY BOARD
Sponsor: NASA
Agriculture
Commerce
NATIONAL COORDINATION OFFICE
Host: Commerce
Homeland Security
Joint Chiefs of Staff
NASA
GPS International Working Group
Chair: State
Engineering Forum
Co-Chairs: Defense, Transportation
National Space-Based PNT Organization
WHITE HOUSE
Ad HocWorking Groups

4
Key Points
GPS performance is better than ever and will continue to improve
Augmentations (WAAS, NDGPS, CORS) enable even higher performance
New civil GPS signal available now
Many additional upgrades scheduled
U.S. policy encourages worldwide use of civil GPS and augmentations
International cooperation is a priority
Compatibility and interoperability are critical

Introduction
Global Positioning System
Modernization Plans
U.S. Policy
DOI GPS Survey
5
Overview

6
The Global Positioning System
Baseline 24+3 satellite constellation in medium earth orbit
Global coverage, 24 hours a day, all weather conditions
Satellites broadcast precise time and orbit information on L-band radio frequencies
Two types of signals:
Free or Civil
U.S. and Allied military
Three segments:
Space
Ground control
User equipment

GPS Constellation Status
32 Operational Satellites(Baseline Constellation: 24+3)
11 Block IIA
12 Block IIR
8 Block IIR-M
Transmitting new second civil signal
1 GPS IIR-M in on-orbit testing
1 Block IIF
In Test and Checkout
First of 12 Boeing satellites
3 additional satellites in residual status
Global GPS civil service performance commitment met continuously since December 1993
7

8
GPS Operational Control Segment (OCS)
Alaska
England
Schriever AFB Colorado
S Korea
Vandenberg AFB California
USNO
Cape Canaveral
Hawaii
Bahrain
Kwajalein
Ecuador
Tahiti
Diego Garcia
Ascension
S Africa
Argentina
Australia
New
Zealand
Ground
Antenna
OCS Monitor Station
Master Control Station
Monitor
Station
NGA Monitor Station
Alternate Master Control Station
Ground Antenna
Future Monitor Station
Master Control Station (Schriever AFB)

Current GPS Accuracy
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
7
Signal-in-Space User Range Error is the difference between a GPS satellite’s navigation data (position and clock) and the truth, projected on the line-of-sight to the user
2001 SPS Performance Standard
(RMS over all SPS SIS URE)
6
5
2008 SPS Performance Standard
(Worst of any SPS SIS URE)
4
RMS SIS URE (m)
RMS Signal-in-Space User Range Error (URE), meters
3
Decreasing range error
2
1.6
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
1
0
9
1990
1992
1994
1996
1997
2001
2004
2006
2009
2008
Selective Availability (SA)
System accuracy exceeds published standard

Introduction
Modernization Plans
U.S. Policy
DOI GPS Survey
10
Overview

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Increasing System Capabilities w Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit
Block IIA/IIR
Block III
Block IIR-M, IIF
Backward compatibility
4th civil signal (L1C)
Increased accuracy
Increased anti-jam power
Assured availability
Navigation surety
Controlled integrity
Increased security
System survivability
IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus
2nd civil signal (L2C)
M-Code (L1M & L2M)
IIF: IIR-M capability plus
3rd civil signal (L5)
Anti-jam flex power
Basic GPS
Civil (Free access)
Single frequency (L1) Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation
Military
Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y)
GPS Modernization Program

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Second Civil Signal (L2C)
Designed to meet commercial needs
Higher accuracy via ionospheric correction
Expected to generate over $5 billion in user productivity benefits
Available since 2005
On 24 satellites by 2016
Benefits existing professional receivers
Supports miniaturization, possible indoor use
Increases accuracyfor consumers

13
Third Civil Signal (L5)
Designed to meet demanding requirements for transport safety
Uses highly protected Aeronautical Radionavigation Service (ARNS) band
May also enable global, centimeter-level accuracy using new techniques
Opportunity for international interoperability
Demonstration signal launched in 2008
24 satellites by 2018

14
Fourth Civil Signal (L1C)
Designed with international partners for interoperability
Modernized civil signal at L1 frequency
More robust navigation across a broad range of user applications
Improved performance in challenged tracking environments
Original signal retained for backward compatibility
Launches with GPS III in 2014
On 24 satellites by ~2021
Under trees
Inside cities

Introduction
Modernization Plans
U.S. Policy
DOI GPS Survey
15
Overview

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U.S. Policy History
1978: First GPS satellite launched
1983: U.S. President offers free civilian access to GPS
1996: U.S. policy establishes joint civil/military GPS management
1997: U.S. Congress passes law that civil GPS shall be provided free of direct user fees
2000: U.S. President set Selective Availability to “Zero”
2004: U.S. President issues Space-Based PNT Policy
2007: Selective Availability removed from GPS III satellites
2010: U.S. President issues new National Space Policy

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Latest U.S. Policy
Provide continuous worldwide access for peaceful uses, free of direct user charges
Encourage compatibility and interoperability with foreign GNSS services
Operate and maintain constellation to satisfy civil and national security needs
Foreign PNT may be used to strengthen resiliency
Invest in domestic capabilities and support international activities to detect, mitigate and increase resiliency to harmful interference

18
For Additional Information…
GPS.gov
PNT.gov

Introduction
Modernization Plans
U.S. Policy
Bonus: DOI GPS Survey
19
Overview

DOI GPS Survey
Distributed widely to Department employees
During Spring and Summer 2010
Over 1450 responses
Including over 450 written comments
“GPS is so integrated into what I do that everything is GPS related.”
Responses span every bureau and every state
Caveat: DOI survey not NCO PNT activity

Who Completed the Survey?

Major Results
Estimate 10,000 DOI GPS users
Most are part-time users
$100-200 million invested on GPS hardware and software
$12-24 million spent annually on maintenance
Employees need and want GPS training and education
58 % feel they need GPS Training
GPS meets the broad range of positional accuracies required for DOI
GPS coordination is valued
The largest use of GPS is for the inventory and management of natural resources

If there is an outage,
A majority of users donothave a back-up plan

What did the Comments Say?
“I'd like to emphasize the need for GPS coordinators and training,” summarizes the view of many comments.
“We would benefit from upgraded technology…,” is another important point made in many comments.

Key actions suggested by the survey
Increase training and education (a priority)
Prepare for the expanded use of GPS and related Global Navigation Satellite Systems
Support field users
Improve coordination within Bureaus, within DOI and with other Departments
Provide Department level coordination, policies, and guidance on the appropriate use of GPS equipment for typical GPS applications

Recommendations
Strategic Plan for GPS
Develop a strategic plan to guide the Department’s GPS activities. The plan, more importantly the planning process, can provide a long term framework and policy support for improving GPS use.
Work plan for GPS
Near term actions, one-to two-year time frame, are suggested by the GPS survey and should be used to launch efficiencies in GPS operations and eliminate gaps in capabilities.
A work plan for training/education is a priority.

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Contact Information
Milo Robinson
Senior Advisor
U.S. National Coordination Office
Space-Based Positioning, Navigation and Timing
1401 Constitution Ave, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20230-0001
(202) 482-0019
(703) 648-5162
Milo.Robinson@pnt.gov
mrobinson@usgs.gov

GPS Update for USGS Liaisons

by Hawaii Geographic Information Coordinating Council

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