slides for 1st thesis meeting with prof. wittkopf. -defining terms

2. Chemical Energy

4. Eat- Joule (J/kJ)

5. ENERGY In physics, energy (from Greek ἐνέργεια - energeia, "activity, operation", from ἐνεργός - energos, "active, working”) is a quantity that is often understood as the ability to perform work. This quantity can be assigned to any particle, object, or system of objects as a consequence of its physical state. Word Origin & History energy 1590s, from M.Fr. energie , from L.L. energia , from Gk. energeia "activity, operation," from energos "active, working," from en- "at" + ergon "work" (see urge (v.)). Used by Aristotle with a sense of "force of expression;" broader meaning of "power" is first recorded in English 1660s. Energy crisis first attested 1970. - Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper

6. English Dictionary: 1. intensity or vitality of action or expression; forcefulness 2. capacity or tendency for intense activity; vigour 3. vigorous or intense action; exertion 4. Physics a. the capacity of a body or system to do work b. E a measure of this capacity, expressed as the work that it does in changing to some specified reference state. It is measured in joules (SI units) 5. kinetic energy See also potential energy a source of power 6. the habit of vigorous activity; vigor as a characteristic: Foreigners both admire and laugh at American energy. 7. the ability to act, lead others, effect, etc., forcefully. 8. Physics . the capacity to do work; the property of a system that diminishes when the system does work on any other system, by an amount equal to the work so done; potential energy. Symbol: E 9. any source of usable power, as fossil fuel, electricity, or solar radiation Science Dictionary: The capacity or power to do work, such as the capacity to move an object (of a given mass) by the application of force. Energy can exist in a variety of forms, such as electrical, mechanical, chemical, thermal, or nuclear, and can be transformed from one form to another. It is measured by the amount of work done, usually in joules or watts.

7. POWER In physics, power is the rate at which work is performed or energy is converted Word Origin & History powerc.1300, from Anglo-Fr. pouair, O.Fr. povoir, noun use of the infinitive in O.Fr., "to be able," earlier podir (842), from V.L. *potere, from L. potis "powerful" (see potent). Meaning "a state or nation with regard to international authority or influence" is from 1726. The verb meaning "to supply with power" is recorded from 1898. Powerful is c.1400. Powerhouse "building where power is generated" is from 1881; fig. sense attested from 1915. Power-broker (1961) said to have been coined by T.H. White in ref. to the 1960 U.S. presidential election. Phrase the powers that be is from Rom. xiii.1. As a statement wishing good luck, more power to (someone) is recorded from 1842. - Online Etymology Dictionary, © 2010 Douglas Harper

8. POWER English Dictionary: 1. to supply with electricity or other means of power: Atomic energy powers the new submarines. 2. to give power to; make powerful: An outstanding quarterback powered the team in its upset victory. 3. to inspire; spur; sustain: A strong faith in divine goodness powers his life. 4. Political power 5. Influential power 6. Authority

9. Energy Conversion Energy in a system may be transformed so that it resides in a different state. Energy in many states may be used to do many varieties of physical work. Energy may be used in natural processes or machines, or else to provide some service to society (such as heat, light, or motion). For example, an internal combustion engine converts the potential chemical energy in gasoline and oxygen into heat, which is then transformed into the propulsive energy (kinetic energy that moves a vehicle.) A solar cell converts solar radiation into electrical energy that can then be used to light a bulb or power a computer.

11. Wind power energy

12. Fossil Fuels

16. Technologies that are available are not good enough to fully utilize the energy that is being produced resulting in excess exergy?EXERGY Energy Environment Sustainable Development

17. Low Energy Building A Low-energy house is any type of house that from design, technologies, and building products and uses less energy, from any source, than a traditional or average contemporary house. The term could also refer to any dwelling whose energy use is below the standards demanded by current building codes. Because national standards vary considerably around the world, 'low energy' developments in one country may not meet 'normal practice' ones in another. Zero Energy Building A zero energy building (ZEB) or net zero energy building is a general term applied to a building's use with zero net energy consumption and zero carbon emissions annually. Plus Energy Building An energy-plus-house produces more energy from renewable energy sources, on average over the course of a year, than it imports from external sources.

18. Off-grid / On-grid Off-the-grid buildings are stand-alone ZEBs that are not connected to an off-site energy utility facility. They require distributed renewable energy generation and energy storage capability (for when the sun is not shining, wind is not blowing, etc.). An energy autarkic house is a building concept where the balance of the own energy consumption and production can be made on an hourly or even smaller basis. Energy autarkic houses can be taken off-the-grid. Energy Autarkic House: A building concept where the balance of the own energy consumption and production can be made on an hourly or even smaller basis. - Able to produce enough/more energy than required at any given time.

19. Energy Conservation Energy conservation refers to efforts made to reduce energy consumption. Energy conservation can be achieved through increased efficient energy use, in conjunction with decreased energy consumption and/or reduced consumption from conventional energy sources. On 1 Apr 01, the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources (MEWR) formed the National Energy Efficiency Committee (NEEC). With the announcement of Singapore’s plan to accede to the Kyoto Protocol in 2006, the NEEC has been expanded in scope to cover climate change issues and has been renamed the National Climate Change Committee (NCCC) to better reflect its expanded function.

20. Energy that a Site Offers On-site available energy – renewable energy: - sunlight - wind - rain Renewable vsNon-Renewable