Prof. Hendrik Speck - Attention Based Economies - the Economic Value of Google Scholar and Co.

Attention Based Economies - the Economic Value of Google Scholar and Co. Prof. Hendrik Speck University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern 9 th International Bielefeld Conference. February 3 – 5, 2009. Bielefeld, Germany

1. Libraries, Archives, Online Media 2. Google Business Model 3. Google Book Search / Google Scholar 4. Commercialization of Attention 5. Implications/Conclusion Introduction

Libraries, Archives, and Online Media

1 User (Reader and Online) 2 Content (Authors and Publisher) 3 Libraries (Private/Public/Scientific) 4 Google (Scholar and Book Search) The Four Horsemen. Search Engine Industry

Media Usage Media Usage in Minutes per Day. United States. 1999-2009 Source: Veronis, Suhler & Associates. Communications Industry Forecast. 2006, Available: http://www.vss.com/pubs/pubs_home.html or http://ww2.wpp.com/WPPDocuments/WPP_AR_2005_What_we_think.pdf 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 * 2007 * 2008 * 2009 * Television 3h 54 4h 1 4h 5 4h 10 4h 14 4h 14 4h 14 4h 16 4h 16 4h 17 4h 17 Radio 2h 34 2h 35 2h 36 2h 43 2h 45 2h 42 2h 41 2h 40 2h 40 2h 42 2h 42 Newspapers 33.7 33 32.4 31.9 31.6 30.9 30.1 29.4 28.8 27.9 27.1 Audio 46.2 42.4 37.6 32.9 30.2 30.4 29.4 28.8 28.8 27.8 27.1 Internet 10.7 17.1 21.5 24.2 27 28.9 30.1 31.2 32.1 32.9 33.4 Magazines 22 22.2 20.9 20.5 19.9 20.4 20.4 20.1 20.1 20.1 19.9 Books 19.2 17.6 17.4 17.9 17.9 17.8 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 17.4 Video games 9.5 10.5 10.8 11.5 12.3 12.7 12.8 13.5 14.1 15.3 15.8 Home video 6.7 7.1 7.7 9.4 9.9 11 12.5 13.8 15 15.6 16.3 Movies 2.1 2 2.1 2.3 2.1 2 2 2 2 2 2 Interactive & Wireless – – – 0.7 1.2 1.8 2.5 3.1 4.3 5.3 6.9 Total 8h 59 9h 8 9h 12 9h 24 9h 30 9h 32 9h 32 9h 35 9h 38 9h 43 9h 44

Internet Home video Video games Television Radio Movies Books Magazines Newspapers Audio Media Usage Media Usage in Hours per Year. United States. 1999-2009 Source: Veronis, Suhler & Associates. Communications Industry Forecast. 2006, Available: http://www.vss.com/pubs/pubs_home.html or http://ww2.wpp.com/WPPDocuments/WPP_AR_2005_What_we_think.pdf -10 % -8 % -9 % +212 % +141 % +66 % -5 % -10 % -41 % -20 %

Search Engine Usage Xxx libraries vs internet vs search engines Organization: Decentralized Global Access Bandwidth Constraints Time Constraints: Time Required for Transmission Instant Access/ Retrieval Delay/ Content Type Access: Global Technological Barrier Fast Distribution Organization: Centralized Local Access Physical Limitations Time Constraints: Time Required for Search, Access, and Retrieval Retrieval Delay Access: Membership, Payments, Structure Social, Religious, Regional Barriers Censorship, Surveillance Libraries. Online Media. Comparison.

Search Engine Usage Xxx libraries vs internet vs search engines Content: Dynamic Flexible Updatable Linkage: Full-text Network Quality: No Editorial Filter Content Mixed/ Media Competency Cheap Content: Static Fixed Outdated Linkage: Keyword Only Low Linkage Quality: Content Selection Quality Content Expensive Libraries. Online Media. Comparison.

Google Business Model

Search Engine History Google Inc. 1999

23.4 % Search Engine Market WebHits. July 2001 (Germany) O THERS 11.9 % 16.9 % 7.4 % 1.2 % AOL Suche 0.9% Dino 0.8% Abacho 0.7% alltheweb.com 0.7% www.search.ch 0.5% AOL Netfind 0.4% AOL Search 0.4% Excite 0.4% excite.com 0.3% Hotbot 0.3% goto.com 0.2% acoon.de 0.2% 6.1 % 8.7 % 4.5 % 1.5 % 7.1 % 5.5 % 5.8 % Source: WebHits.de. Web Barometer. July 2001, Available: http://www.webhits.de/deutsch/webstats.html

42.7 % Search Engine Market WebHits. February 2002 (Germany) O THERS 9.0 % 9.7 % 1.1 % 1.2 % Dino 0.5% reisevista.de 0.4% Abacho 0.3% AOL Search 0.3% www.search.ch 0.3% alltheweb.com 0.3% Hotbot 0.2% directhit.com 0.1% ixquick.com 0.1% excite.com 0.1% 5.0 % 8.5 % 3.8 % 1.7 % 3.8 % 5.5 % 3.9 % 4.1 % Source: WebHits.de. Web Barometer. February 2002, Available: http://www.webhits.de/deutsch/webstats.html

62.2 % Search Engine Market WebHits. February 2003 (Germany) O THERS 7.3 % 9.2 % 1.3 % 1.4 % 3.4 % 2.5 % 1.7 % 1.6 % 4.4 % 2.7 % Directory 2.3 % Bellnet 0.6% www.search.ch 0.5% AllesKlar 0.4% DMOZ 0.3% AOL Search 0.2% Dino 0.2% Austronaut 0.2% die-reise.de 0.2% netscape.de/suche 0.2% alltheweb.com 0.2% Source: WebHits.de. Web Barometer. February 2003, Available: http://www.webhits.de/deutsch/webstats.html

73.0 % Search Engine Market WebHits. February 2004 (Germany) O THERS 5.3 % 6.1 % 1.1 % 1.3 % fireball.de 0.7% Web.de directory 0.6% AllesKlar 0.5% Bellnet 0.5% DMOZ 0.3% suche.freenet.de 0.2% search.bluewin.ch 0.2% search.com 0.2% netscape.de/suche 0.2% www.search.ch 0.2% 2.4 % 2.4 % 2.1 % 1.3 % 5.0 % Source: WebHits.de. Web Barometer. February 2004, Available: http://www.webhits.de/deutsch/webstats.html

78.0 % Search Engine Market WebHits. February 2005 (Germany) O THERS 4.8 % 5.9 % 4.8 % 1.6 % Lycos 0.8% Meta.Ger 0.7% Altavista 0.6% Web.de Directory 0.5% fireball.de 0.5% DMOZ 0.2% www.search.ch 0.2% suche.freenet.de 0.2% search.com 0.2% Bellnet 0.2% AllesKlar 0.2% 2.4 % 1.8 % Source: WebHits.de. Web Barometer. February 2005, Available: http://www.webhits.de/deutsch/webstats.html

84.0 % Search Engine Market WebHits. March 2006 (Germany) O THERS 4.4 % 4.4 % 4.8 % 2.4 % Lycos 0.6% Altavista 0.5% T-Online 0.5% WEB.DE 0.4% suche.freenet.de 0.4% Meta.Ger 0.3% AllesKlar 0.3% arcor.de 0.3% Web.de directory0.2% search.com 0.2% fireball.de 0.2% DMOZ 0.1% Source: WebHits.de. Web Barometer. March 2006, Available: http://www.webhits.de/deutsch/webstats.html

86.8 % Search Engine Market WebHits. February 2007 (Germany) O THERS 2.6 % 3.3 % 3.7 % 1.9 % Lycos 0.6% WEB.DE 0.5% suche.freenet.de 0.3% arcor.de 0.3% Altavista 0.3% Meta.Ger 0.2% AllesKlar 0.2% search.com 0.2% fireball.de 0.2% WEB.DE Verz. 0.2% DMOZ 0.1% ask.com 0.1% Source: WebHits.de. Web Barometer. February 2007, Available: http://www.webhits.de/deutsch/webstats.html 1.7 %

89.2 % Search Engine Market WebHits. March 2008 (Germany) O THERS 2.3 % 3.2 % 3.2 % 2.1 % AOL 0.8% ask.com 0.4% arcor.de 0.2% WEB.DE 0.2% suche.freenet.de 0.2% Lycos 0.2% AllesKlar 0.2% Altavista 0.2% Meta.Ger 0.1% search.com 0.1% Flix.de 0.1% Fireball.de 0.1% DMOZ 0.1% Source: WebHits.de. Web Barometer. March 2008, Available: http://www.webhits.de/deutsch/webstats.html

Click Share Percentage. AOL and WebHits. July 2006 (Germany) Search Engine Market Source: AOL Research. 500k User Queries Sampled Over 3 Months. Available: http://research.aol.com/pmwiki/pmwiki.php Others Total 1. 36.20% 1.73% 1.56% 2.79% 42.29% 2. 10.20% 0.49% 0.44% 0.79% 11.92% 3. 7.22% 0.35% 0.31% 0.56% 8.44% 4. 5.15% 0.25% 0.22% 0.40% 6.02% 5. 4.15% 0.20% 0.18% 0.32% 4.85% 6. 3.41% 0.16% 0.15% 0.26% 3.98% 7. 2.88% 0.14% 0.12% 0.22% 3.37% 8. 2.55% 0.12% 0.11% 0.20% 2.98% 9. 2.41% 0.12% 0.10% 0.19% 2.82% 10. 2.54% 0.12% 0.11% 0.20% 2.97% >10. 8.87% 0.42% 0.38% 0.68% 10.36%

Clicks per Month for “Hotel Berlin”. AOL and WebHits. July 2006 (Germany) Search Engine Market Source: AOL Research. 500k User Queries Sampled Over 3 Months. Available: http://research.aol.com/pmwiki/pmwiki.php Others Total 1. 66,812 3,200 2,888 5,151 78,051 2. 18.832 902 814 1,452 22,000 3. 13,334 639 576 1,028 15,577 4. 9,511 456 411 733 11,111 5. 7,662 367 331 591 8,951 6. 6,288 301 272 485 7,346 7. 5,324 255 230 411 6,220 8. 4,708 225 203 363 5,500 9. 4,455 213 193 344 5,205 10. 4,692 225 203 362 5,481 >10. 16,367 784 707 1,262 19,121

Growth Rates Change vs. Year Ago. comScore. February 2006 (United States) 49% 42% 36% 9% 11% Jan-05 Feb-05 Mar-05 Apr-05 May-05 Jun-05 Jul-05 Aug-05 Sep-05 Okt-05 Nov-05 Dec-05 Jan-06 46% 30% 28% 22% 26% 20% 12% 5% Source: comScore. Search Query Annual Growth Rates. February 2006, Available: http://www.comscore.com/cms/displaycontent.asp?id=764&suffix=pdf Search Engine Industry

Search Engine Industry Daily Search Queries in China in Million/Day. iResearch. 2002 to 2010. 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 24 80.8 188.4 406.5 729 1050 1,440 1,890 2,400 Source: iResearch. China Internet Search Market Report. 2005. Available: http://english.iresearch.com.cn/downloadfile.asp?id=404

Search Engine Industry Growth Rate of Daily Search Queries. iResearch. 2002 to 2010. (China) 133.2% 236.7% 44.0% 2004 115.8% 79.3% 37.1% 31.3% 27% Source: iResearch. China Internet Search Market Report. 2005. Available: http://english.iresearch.com.cn/downloadfile.asp?id=404 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2003

1 Search/Advanced Search 2 Spell Checker 3 Translation 4 Stock Quotes 5 Street Maps 6 Calculator 7 Currency Conversion 8 Definitions Search Functionality. Google Web Search I/II Search Engine Industry

9 Phone Book 10 Travel Information 11 Cached Links 12 Movie Information 13 Music Information 14 Weather 15 Questions and Answers 16 Search by Number Search Functionality. Google Web Search II/II Search Engine Industry

Anatomy of a Business Model Product Diversification of Google Inc. Checkout Chrome, Pack, Android IGoogle, Tool- bar, Note- book, Health, Finance, RSS, Docs, Cal Web Images, News, Products, Blogs, Movies Summer of Code Mobile, Local, SMS Blog, Talk, Groups, Orkut, Video, Picasa, Youtube, Book, Scholar Earth, Maps, Sketchup ( )

Anatomy of a Business Model Strategic Objectives Payment Browser, Applications, Phones, Interfaces, Standardisation Personalisation Search Advanced Search Recruitment and Standardisation Mobile and Localisation Content, Communication and Social Graph Mapping Checkout Chrome, Pack, Android IGoogle, Tool- bar, Note- book, Health, Finance, RSS, Docs, Cal Web Images, News, Products, Blogs, Movies Summer of Code Mobile, Local, SMS Blog, Talk, Groups, Orkut, Video, Picasa, Youtube, Book, Scholar Earth, Maps, Sketchup ( )

1 Subscription/Fee 2 Direct Placement 3 Pay for Inclusion (PFI) 4 Merchandising 5 Advertisement (PPV/PPC/PPP) 6 Product Placement 7 Advertising/Partner Networks Search Engine Business Models. I/II Search Engine Industry

Search Engine Business Models. II/II 8 Affiliate Partnerships 9 Value Added Services (Audio/Video) 10 User Data 11 User Generated Content/Web 2.0 12 Premium Services 13 Consulting/Research 14 Licenses/Search Appliances Search Engine Industry

Google . Sources of Revenue in Thousand USD. 2003 - 2007 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Google Web Sites 792,063 1,589,032 3,377,060 6,332,797 10,624,700 Google Network Sites 628,600 1,554,256 2,687,942 4,159,831 5,787,900 Advertising Total 1,420,663 3,143,288 6,065,002 10,492,628 16,412,600 Licensing 45,271 45,935 73,558 112,289 181,400 Revenues Total 1,465,934 3,189,223 6,138,560 10,604,917 16,594,000 Search Engine Industry Source: Google. Annual Report 2005. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. March 16, 2006, Form 10-K, Available: http://investor.google.com/pdf/2005_Google_AnnualReport.pdf and Google. Annual Report 2006. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. March 1, 2007, Form 10-K, Available: http://investor.google.com/pdf/2006_Google_AnnualReport.pdf and Google. Annual Report 2007. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. February 15, 2008. Available: http://investor.google.com/documents/2007_Google_AnnualReport.html

Google . Sources of Revenue in Percent. 2003 - 2007 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Google Web Sites 54% 50% 55% 60% 64% Google Network Sites 43% 49% 44% 39% 35% Advertising Total 97% 99% 99% 99% 99% Licensing 3% 1% 1% 1% 1% Search Engine Industry Source: Google. Annual Report 2005. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. March 16, 2006, Form 10-K, Available: http://investor.google.com/pdf/2005_Google_AnnualReport.pdf and Google. Annual Report 2006. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. March 1, 2007, Form 10-K, Available: http://investor.google.com/pdf/2006_Google_AnnualReport.pdf and Google. Annual Report 2007. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. February 15, 2008. Available: http://investor.google.com/documents/2007_Google_AnnualReport.html

Google Book Search / Google Scholar

Sources: Peer-reviewed papers, theses, books, abstracts and articles, from academic publishers, professional societies, preprint repositories, universities and other scholarly organizations. Features: Find papers, abstracts and citations Locate the complete paper through libraries or online Ranking: According to relevance: full text of article, author, publication in which the article appears, and citations in other scholarly literature Google Scholar

Two Sources: Library Project/ The Partner Program Viewing Options: Snippet view / Preview / Paid Full View Access Options: Online Access / Buying or borrowing actual books / Library and university access Three types of books: In-copyright and in-print books / In-copyright but out-of-print books / Out-of-copyright books Google Book Search

Google Book Search / Google Scholar Google Search. Life of a Tea Bush.

Commercialization of Attention

Search Result Page with Advertising. Google Adwords. Online Marketing

Keyword Estimates. Google AdWords. Source: Google Adwords. Available: https://adwords.google.com Online Marketing

Popular Keywords. Google AdWords. United States. 2007 Online Marketing

No. Keywords CPC Clicks $/Day

ebay $1.00 265,674 $266,690

free $2.29 187,163 $429,450

new $2.45 152,781 $373,860

hotel $2.72 125,360 $340,790

travel $2.83 121,034 $342,030

hotels $3.80 106,302 $404,150

jobs $1.79 96,668 $172,930

car $5.17 93,365 $482,550

insurance $15.83 92,830 $1,469,380

music $1.12 60,839 $68,410

porn $0.76 59,806 $45,520

beach $3.52 59,768 $210,250

camera $1.53 55,899 $85,570

cars $2.05 53,269 $109,150

pictures $0.77 49,520 $38,250

Adwords. Most Clicks per Day in United States. 2006/2007/2009 Search Engine Usage Adwords. 2009 2009

jobs

travel

car

insurance

music

cars

beach

camera

porn

pictures

2006

ebay

free

new

hotel

travel

hotels

jobs

car

sex

music

Adwords. 2006 Adwords. 2007 2006

free

new

hotel

software

sex

video

music

porno

women

girls

Most Expensive Keywords. Google AdWords. United States. 2007 and 2009. Online Marketing

school consolidation loans $72.02 1 $90

student loan debt consolidation $68.44 18 $1,270

education loan consolidation $65.45 10 $640

fort worth dwi $64.72 7 $470

college loan consolidation $63.66 21 $1,320

mesothelioma $63.42 209 $13,230

texas mesothelioma $63.17 3 $190

new york mesothelioma $63.08 1 $70

epithelioid mesothelioma $63.02 0 $20

student loans consolidation $62.78 16 $1,030

mesothelioma attorneys $62.63 4 $250

malignant mesothelioma $61.51 5 $320

california mesothelioma $61.05 2 $110

college consolidation $60.50 13 $780

consolidation college $60.50 13 $780

Popular Keywords. Google AdWords. Germany. 2007 Online Marketing

ebay $0.71 110,183 $78,250

Möbel $1.03 40,660 $41,750

Sport $1.31 36,025 $47,100

free $2.29 34,372 $78,570

Auto $3.86 34,254 $132,310

Motorrad $0.95 30,888 $29,300

Hotel $2.72 28,781 $78,350

Telefonbuch $0.15 27,783 $4,240

Modellbau $0.53 23,450 $12,530

Berlin $1.52 22,455 $34,200

Kinder $1.02 22,126 $22,590

Google $3.60 22,029 $79,240

Computer $2.61 21,775 $56,900

Tv $1.09 21,745 $23,640

Handy $1.54 21,307 $32,870

Most Expensive Keywords. Google AdWords. Germany. 2007 Online Marketing

Auto Insurance $33.40 1,336 $44,620

Detektei Hamburg $31.52 1 $30

insurance quotes $30.64 2,766 $84,770

Detektiv Hamburg $28.06 0 $20

quotes $26.68 2,924 $78,030

Easy Kredit $26.35 7 $200

Detektei Stuttgart $24.85 0 $8

Detektei Düsseldorf $24.09 0 $9

Circuit City $21.85 1,753 $38,300

Unterwäsche $17.79 2,049 $36,450

mortgages $17.23 236 $4,070

Private Krankenversicherungen $16.93 8 $130

Detektiv Berlin $16.60 1 $20

Winzip $16.32 461 $7,540

Citibank Kredit $15.95 3 $60

Search Engine Usage Source: EyeScream Interactive. Yahoo! Top 200 Search Words. EyeScream Interactive. 1996, Available: http://www.eyescream.com/yahootop200.html and EyeScream Interactive. Dogpile Top 200 Search Words. EyeScream Interactive. July 1997. Available: http://www.adz.net/top200/dogpiletop200.htm 1997

free

sex

nude

pictures

new

software

mars

university

xxx

chat

Dogpile Filt. (1997) 1996

sex

chat

xxx

playboy

netscape software

nude

porno

games

porn

weather

Yahoo (1996) Most Popular Search Queries. Yahoo and Dogpile Original/Filtered 1997

of

free

the

sex

nude

pictures

in

for

new

software

Dogpile (1997)

Most Popular Queries Search Engine Usage Source: Jansen, Bernhard J., Amanda Spink, Judy Bateman, and Tefko Saracevic. Real Life Information Retrieval: a Study of User Queries on the Web. SIGIR Forum, Vol. 32. No. 1., pp. 5 -17., Available: http://jimjansen.tripod.com/academic/pubs/sigirforum98/forum98.pdf ; Spink, Amanda, Deitmar Wolfram, Bernard Jansen, and Tefko Saracevic. Searching The Web: The Public and Their Queries. 2001. Available: http://jimjansen.tripod.com/academic/pubs/jasist2001/jasist2001.pdf ; Silverstein, Craig, Monika Henzinger, Hannes Marais, and Michael Moricz. Analysis of a Very Large AltaVista Query Log. SRC Technical note #1998-14. Available: http://gatekeeper.dec.com/pub/DEC/SRC/technical-notes/abstracts/src-tn-1998-014.html ; 1998

sex

applet (Robot)

porno

mp3

chat

warez

yahoo

playboy

xxx

hotmail

AltaVista (1998) 1997

sex

free

nude

pictures

university

pics

chat

adult

women

new

Excite (1997) 1997

sex

nude

free

pictures

new

university

women

chat

gay

girls

Excite (1997)

Most Popular Queries Search Engine Usage Source: Spink, Amanda, Seda Ozmutlu, Huseyin Cenk Ozmutlu, and Bernhard. J. Jansen. U.S. versus European Web searching trends. SIGIR Forum. 2002, 36(2), Available: http://www.acm.org/sigs/sigir/forum/F2002/spink.pdf and Jansen, Bernhard. J. and Amanda Spink. An Analysis of Web Searching by European AlltheWeb.com Users. Information Processing and Management. 2005, 41(2), pp. 361-381, Available: http://sky.fit.qut.edu.au/~spinkah/IPM-EuropeanSearching.pdf 2001

free

download

sex

pictures

uk

nude

mp3

hotel

windows

pics

Fast (2001) 2002

free

sex

download

software

UK

windows

new

hotel

mp3

video

AlltheWeb (2002) 2001

free

sex

christmas

nude

pictures

new

pics

music

games

stories

Excite (2001)

Keyword Similarity. Top News Searches. Google, Yahoo, and AOL. 2007 Search Engine Usage Yahoo 2007 Source: Zeitgeist. Search Patterns, Trends, and Surprises. Google. Available: http://www.google.com/intl/en/press/zeitgeist.html ; Yahoo. Yahoo! 2007 Top Trends in Search. Yahoo. Available: http://buzz.yahoo.com/toptrends2007/ and AOL. AOL 2007 Year End Hot Searches. AOL. News Searches. Available: http://about-search.aol.com/hotsearches2007/news.html AOL 2007 2007 Google 2007 2007 2007

American Idol

Youtube

Britney Spears

2007 Cricket World

Cup

Chris Benoit

Iphone

Anna Nicole Smith

Paris Hilton

Iran

Vanessa Hudgens

Chris Benoit

Phentermine

Pet Food Recall

Global Warming

Virginia Tech

Iraq

Juanita Bynum

Iran

Immigration

Don Imus

Saddam Hussein

Iran

Iraq

President George W.

Bush

Oil and Gas Prices

Barack Obama

Hillary R. Clinton

San Diego Fires

Afghanistan

Virginia Tech

Keyword Similarity. Top News Searches. Lycos and Ask Jeeves. 2007 Search Engine Usage Ask Jeeves 2007 Source: Lycos. Top Films, TV Shows, and News Stories of 2007. Lycos. December 12, 2007, Available: http://50.lycos.com/121207.asp Lycos 2007 2007 2007

Saddam Hussein

Iran Conflict

Pakistan Conflict

Global Warming

Debut of iPhone

Al Jazeera

Gas Prices

Illegal Immigration

Michael Vick Dog- Fighting Scandal

North Korea

xxx

Most Edited Pages. Wikipedia. January 2007 Search Engine Usage German Source: Wikipedia Statistics. Wikimedia Foundation. November 2006, Available: http://stats.wikimedia.org/EN/Sitemap.htm French Fre nch English German Eng lish

George W. Bush

United States

Jesus

2006 Israel-Lebanon conflict

Adolf Hitler

World War II

RuneScape

Hurricane Katrina

Wii

Canada

Deaths in 2006

Anarchism

2006 FIFA World Cup

September 11, 2001 attacks

Bill Clinton

Michael Jackson

Islam

Britney Spears

Février 2005

Décembre 2004

Algérie

France

Rose-Croix

Rugby à XIII

Coupe du monde de football de 2006

Ségolène Royal

Adolf Hitler

Islam

Québec

The Beatles

Nicolas Sarkozy

Témoins de Jéhovah

Montréal

Friedrich Nietzsche

Arles

Zinedine Zidane

François Mitterrand

Deutschland

Nekrolog 2005

Nekrolog 2006

Jesus von Nazaret

Libanonkrieg 2006

Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft 2006

Türkei

Zeugen Jehovas

Die Simpsons (Figuren)

Kroatien

Figuren der Harry-Potter-Romane

Schweiz

Berlin

Österreich

Zweiter Weltkrieg

Counter-Strike

Rammstein

Europäische Union

1 Adwords / Adsense 2 Affiliate Fees / Book Sales 3 Subscription Services 4 Content Revenue Streams Google Book Search and Google Scholar

Implications

507 m 2 per 1000 users 4.5 Employees per 1,000 users 127.496€ Expenses for Information and Literature Acquisitions per 1,000 users 25% Electronic Archives 73.9 Business Hours per Week Bibliotheksindex. Libraries Source: Bibliotheksindex (BIX). 2007. http://www.bix-bibliotheksindex.de/

2005 1,101.7 Mio. 13.4€ 2004 1,272.5 Mio. 15.4€ 2003 1,371.7 Mio. 16.7€ 2000 1,305,6 Mio. 15,9€ 1995 1,058.3 Mio. 13,0€ Library Spending per Year and Citizen Libraries in Germany. Source: Statistisches Bundesamt. Kulturfinanzbericht 2008. September 2008, Available: http://www.statistik-portal.de/Statistik-Portal/kulturfinanzbericht_2008.pdf, Statistisches Bundesamt. 2005: Kulturausgaben der öffentlichen Hand bei 8 Milliarden Euro Press Release. No. 296. July 20, 2006. Available: http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/Internet/DE/Presse/pm/ 2006/07/PD06__296__216,templateId=renderPrint.psml, and Statistisches Bundesamt. 2003: Kulturausgaben der öffentlichen Hand bei 8,2 Milliarden Euro. Press Release. No. 201 May 5, 2004, Available: http://www.destatis.de/jetspeed/portal/cms/Sites/destatis/ Internet/DE/Presse/pm/2004/05/PD04__201__213,templateId=renderPrint.psml

Google . Sources of Revenue in Thousand USD. 2003 - 2007 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Google Web Sites 792,063 1,589,032 3,377,060 6,332,797 10,624,700 Google Network Sites 628,600 1,554,256 2,687,942 4,159,831 5,787,900 Advertising Total 1,420,663 3,143,288 6,065,002 10,492,628 16,412,600 Licensing 45,271 45,935 73,558 112,289 181,400 Revenues Total 1,465,934 3,189,223 6,138,560 10,604,917 16,594,000 Search Engine Industry Source: Google. Annual Report 2005. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. March 16, 2006, Form 10-K, Available: http://investor.google.com/pdf/2005_Google_AnnualReport.pdf and Google. Annual Report 2006. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. March 1, 2007, Form 10-K, Available: http://investor.google.com/pdf/2006_Google_AnnualReport.pdf and Google. Annual Report 2007. United States Securities and Exchange Commission. February 15, 2008. Available: http://investor.google.com/documents/2007_Google_AnnualReport.html

1 User (Open Access) 2 Content (Monetarization and Branding) 3 Libraries (Audience, Preservation, Mission) 4 Google (Reach and Advertising) Players and Interests Search Engine Industry

1. Increased Funding 2. Revenue Participation 3. Open Source / Open Content 4. Network Concentric Model Creative Commons / Net Review Attention as Currency Outlook

End

Thank you for your attention. I will gladly answer your questions. Prof. Hendrik Speck contact (at) hendrikspeck [dot] com University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern Information Architecture Lab Amerikastrasse 1 66482 Zweibrücken Tel: +49 6332 914 360 Skype: hendrikspeck Conclusion Contact Information

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