Healey 25th Anniversary

TESOL 2009 DEBORAH HEALEY [email_address] http://www.deborahhealey.com/ The Beginnings… from Vision to Reality and Beyond A teacher trainer’s perspective

Different perspectives
CALL teacher training since 1984
Teacher, administrator, techie and tech coordinator, doctoral student
TESOL, ELI, Yemen, elsewhere in the world
Distance education to Iraq

Diffusion of innovations http://riccistreet.net/port80/charthouse/present/diffusion.htm

1984 TESOL Summer Meeting: Computer Concepts for ESL Students
Programming in BASIC
“ Real reality”
Task-based learning
Western writing
Using Vic-20s

1. A foreign student may enter the university if he or she meets any of the following criteria:
The student has a TOEFL over 550.
The student has a TOEFL over 500 and wants to be an undergraduate.
The student has a TOEFL of at least 450, wants to be an undergraduate, and has completed 15 hours with a B average.
Write a program that will check whether a person may enter the university. The program should print out
YOU MAY ENTER THE UNIVERSITY or
YOU MAY NOT ENTER THE UNIVERSITY THIS TERM
2. Modify the program above. Have the program print out the person’s name, then whether he/she may or may not enter the university, then say why— TOEFL is too low, or not enough credits, or grades are too low.

Watch out for the GOTO statements on this one! You will need a lot of them.

1984 NAFSA Region I
Beyond Programmed Learning: What else to do with computers in the classroom
Applications
Simulations
Games
CP/M, AppleDOS

Yemen 1985-1988
Student enthusiasm
Teachers …
Grammar Mastery
Word-processing – MacWrite, Bank Street Writer

1987 TESOL Workshop for Newcomers to CALL
With Claire Bradin, Ellen Smith in 1987; others later

The things we thought teachers needed to know…

1989 TESOL Introduction to CALL
The first thought teachers had was about teaching grammar with computers, then maybe vocabulary
Word-processing (Bank Street Writer)
Quest (simulation)
Decision Maker (discussion tool)
Crossword Creator (teacher tool)

1996 TESOL PCI on the Internet
Email using Pine – a command-line interface
Mailing lists – TESL-L
Netscape for news and browsing
Slower speed: Gopher and Lynx
Ron Corio, Jim Duber, Tom Robb, Tim Rushing, Maggie Sokolik

1998-2003 Oregon K-12 schools
Around 2001 - Elementary school, Oregon coast
Apple IIe’s, little software, no training
ESL students the least well served by technology in K-12 schools
Constraints
Concerns about Internet safety
Need to teach to the test
WebQuests as a good solution

2007 TESOL Newcomers’ Orientation to CALL
http://www.deborahhealey.com/tesol2008/newcomers.html
Needs assessment
Teacher resources – Internet and software
Social web
Lab – one-computer classroom – individual use
Susanne McLaughlin and Deborah Healey

Oregon-Iraq Distance Education Project
Reminder of enormous disparities
Power outages; Internet outages; lack of repair facilities; lack of resources for classrooms for most
Decades of neglect
Project-based learning, one-computer classroom were new concepts for many
http://aei.uoregon.edu/de/iraqelt/

Roles of Computers and Teachers

Typologies help us understand
Robert Taylor – tutor, tool, tutee for CAI (1980)
John Higgins – magister and pedagogue (1987 and earlier) for CALL programs
Macey Taylor & Laura Perez– knower of the right answer, workhorse, stimulus (1989)
Mark Warschauer – behavioristic, communicative, integrative CALL (1996+)
Stephen Bax – restricted, open (now), integrative (“normalized” – in the future) CALL (2003)

ICT4LT Module 1.4: Introduction to CALL
Graham Davies: “While presentation features such as full-colour graphics, sound and video have improved in leaps and bounds there has been an increasing tendency to neglect features such as discrete error analysis, feedback and branching. The trend today seems to be towards a point-and-click-let's-move-on-quick approach”

Overview of 25 Years
Constant movement from innovators
=> early adopters
=> early majority
=> late majority
Email, word-processing, and the web
=>Web 2.0+
=>ubiquitous computing

Constants over 25 years
Teachers want what’s best for their students
Teachers have constraints
Time to learn
Safe space to practice
Resources
Training, access to appropriate material, equipment, learning space, support
Systematic barriers
mandated syllabi, testing, “no noise”

It’s a cycle
ignorance toboggans into know
and trudges up to ignorance again
(ee cummings, One Times One, 1944:39)

Healey 25th Anniversary

by healeyd on Mar 26, 2009

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Healey 25th Anniversary — Presentation Transcript