CAR: Left behind in Africa
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team
Central African Republic (CAR)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 1
Oct-07

GEOGRAPHY
Landlocked in the fragile centre of Africa
LIBYA
SUDAN
CHAD
DARFUR
CAR
CAMEROON
DRC
CONGO
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 2
Oct-07

POPULATION
4.2 million people in a country the size of France
Population density
Population by prefecture
(5)
Region 2007 Projection
(6)
(4)
Bamingi-Bangoran (5) 46,620
Bangui (14) 687,634
(3) (7)
Basse-Kotto (10) 268,692
(2)
Haute-Kotto (7) 97,400
Haut-Mbomou (8) 62,120
Kémo (12) 127,708
(1)
Lobaye (15) 266,238
Mambéré-Kadéï (17) 393,407
Mbomou (9) 176,873
Nana-Gribizi (4) 127,057
(13)
(17) (11)
Nana-Mambéré (1) 251,993 (8)
(9)
(10)
Ombella-M'Poko (13) 384,704
(12)
(15)
(16)
Ouaka (11) 298,413
(14)
Ouham (3) 398,179
0 – 99,999
Ouham-Pendé (2) 464,272
100,000 – 199,999
Sangha-Mbaéré (16) 109,002
200,000 – 299,999
56,354
Vakaga (6)
300, 000 – 399,999
4,216,666
Total
400,000 – 499,999
600,000 – 699,999
Source: UNFPA, Population projection for 2007
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 3
Oct-07

POVERTY
One of the highest shares of population in extreme poverty
Share of population living on less than US$ 1 a day
73
70
67
64
61 61 59
Mali Nigeria CAR Zambia Niger Burkina Faso Gambia
Source: World Bank (2002)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 4
Oct-07

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Recovering from more than 20 years of under-development
CAR’s Human Development Index value fell from 0.387 in 1985 to 0.353 in 2004
Sudan
DRC
Chad
CAR .45
.35
.25
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2004
Source: HDR (2006)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 5
Oct-07

ECONOMIC GROWTH
For 20 years CAR stagnated while Africa grew
GDP per capita (PPP) in 2006 US$ 1,198 versus US$ 2,686 in Africa as a whole
GDP growth, Base = 100 (1985)
+80%
Africa
CAR
+60%
+40%
+20%
100
-20%
1995
1985 1990 2000 2005
Source: IMF (2007)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 6
Oct-07

ECONOMIC GROWTH
An economy off balance
Exports, imports, trade balance in bil. FCFA* Share of GDP per sector in 2006
Exports
70 Imports
Services
CA Balance
60 29%
Pie 1
50
40
Pie 1
30 Industry
14%
20
10
Pie 1
Agriculture
0 57%
-20
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Source: Central African Central Bank (BEAC, www.beac.int), * 1 USD = 500 FCFA
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 7
Oct-07

RESOURCES
Rich in strategic natural resources
N
CHAD DARFUR
Diamonds
Gold
Timber
DRC
Uranium
Source: CAR Government
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 8
Oct-07

RESOURCES
Resource wealth poorly managed
Gold (kg), Timber (1,000 m3) production
Diamond production (1,000 carats)
40
500
30
20
450
10
0
400
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
350 800
600
300 400
200
250 0
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Source: Central African Central Bank (BEAC, www.beac.int)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 9
Oct-07

RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Agricultural sector in disarray
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 10
Oct-07

RURAL DEVELOPMENT
Production of major export crops collapsed
Rural development quick facts Cotton and coffee production in 1,000 tons
• 74% of population work in agricultural Cotton
70
sector Coffee
• 15 million ha arable land but only 60
600,000 ha cultivated
50
• 94% of farming is subsistence farming
• On average each farmer cultivates less 40
than 0.5 ha
30
• Average yearly growth of agricultural
sector in last 30 years: 2%, population 20
growth per year: 2.3%
10
• Global acute malnutrition for children
under 5 years at 10%
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004
Source: Govt. Briefing Paper on Rural Development (www.car-conference.net), MICS Source: Central African Central Bank (BEAC, www.beac.int)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 11
Oct-07

HEALTH
People keep dying from treatable diseases
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 12
Oct-07

HEALTH
HIV/AIDS prevalence one of the highest in the region
HIV/AIDS prevalence in % among adult population in selected African states
6.7
6.4 6.2
5.5
3.0
2.2
1.8
1.5
Kenya Uganda CAR Cameroon Rwanda Ghana Burkina Faso Guinea
Source: UNFPA (2007), data based on MICS methodology
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 13
Oct-07

HEALTH
One of the world’s poorest health systems
Health quick facts HIV/AIDS prevalence by prefecture in %
• 76% of population live more than 10 km
10.7 7.4
from next health centre 8.4
4.1
• Life expectancy fell from 49 years in 2.6
1988 to 43 years in 2003 3.1
13.6
4.2
• Only 44% of births assisted
7.3
• Prevalence of contraceptives only 6.9% 3.6
7.2
3.2
3.1
7.8
• One of the highest maternal mortality 6.9 6.3
rates in the world at 1,355 per 100,000
Total
Top 7 regions by total Women Men
• Infant-mortality rate at 132 per 1,000
Haut-Mbomou 13.5 13.8 13.6
• Malaria, diarrhoea, HIV/AIDS and Bamingui-Bangoran 15.1 6.0 10.7
Nana-Gribizi 11.4 4.9 8.4
malnutrition main causes of death for
Bangui 10.3 5.1 7.8
children under 3 years Haute-Kotto 8.3 6.4 7.4
Ombella-M’Poko 9.8 4.5 7.3
Mambéré-Kadéï 10.6 3.2 7.2
Source: Govt. Briefing Paper on Health (www.car-conference.net), UNFPA (2007)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 14
Oct-07

EDUCATION
Hardly anywhere is access to education so difficult
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 15
Oct-07

EDUCATION
One of the world’s weakest educational systems
Education quick facts Pupils per teacher in Sub-Saharan Africa
• Only 1.45% of GDP spent on education,
100
almost 50% below African average 92
83
• Primary enrolment rates have not
80
improved in 15 years 72
66
• Pupil to teacher ration 92:1 in primary 63 62
education, 50:1 in secondary education 60
• Almost 50% of teachers unqualified
parents 40
• Only 32% of pupils completed basic
primary education in 2005 20
• Adult literacy rate 51% for men, 32%
for women
CAR Congo Ethiopia Mozam. Chad Rwanda
Source: Govt. Briefing Paper on Education (www.car-conference.net) Source: UNESCO (2005), Pupil-teacher ratio in primary education (X:1)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 16
Oct-07

WATER
Drinking water a health hazard
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 17
Oct-07

WATER
Millions without access to safe drinking water
Water quick facts % of pop. using adequate sanit. facilities in Africa
• Most water pumps destroyed or
35
in disrepair
29 29
• Access to safe drinking water 30
estimated at 31.5% for 25
25
population in urban areas, 23
21
26.0% in rural areas 20
20
• About 75% of population without
access to adequate sanitation 15 13
12
facilities
10 8
• No waste management system
5
Chad B. Faso CAR Benin Congo Niger Eritrea Ethio. Rwan.
Source: Govt. Briefing Paper on Water (www.car-conference.net) Source: NationMaster.com (UNICEF, latest available)
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 18
Oct-07

INFRASTRUCTURE
Landlocked with almost no way out
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 19
Oct-07

INFRASTRUCTURE
Vast distances, hardly any good roads, almost no electricity
Infrastructure quick facts Road accessibility and distances from Bangui
• 5,376 km of roads but only 700
km with good accessibility Birao: 1,073 km
SUDAN
• Nearest seaport Douala almost CHAD
1,500 km from Bangui Ndélé: 718 km
Sam Ouandja: 910 km
• Lifeline to Cameroon for large
Kaga-Bandoro: 330 km
CAMEROON
parts without tarmac Bossangoa: 300 km
Bria: 579 km
Bouar: 447 km
• 600,000 tons of yearly freight on Bambari: 374 km
the Oubangui river in 1970s, Sibut: 179 km
down to 62,000 tons in 2005 Bangui
• Only 39 MW electric power
installed nationwide
DRC
Minor road
• Only 3% of population with
Good
access to electricity Medium
Source: Govt. Briefing Paper on Transport and Energy (www.car-conference.net) Very Poor
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 20
Oct-07

EXTERNAL ASSISTANCE
Overseas development assistance collapsed
25%
ODA per capita (in 1990 US$)
ODA / GDP
80
20%
15%
50
10%
5%
10
1970 1980 1990 2000
Source: CAR Ministry of Finance
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 21
Oct-07

PROGRESS
Recent progress in Bangui and the centre of the country
+
Political, economic situation starts to improve; international community re-engages
• Legitimate government and head of state
• New constitutional framework
• Technocrats return to key government positions
• Government cleared debt arrears with World Bank and ADB
• Thumbs up from IMF
– GDP growth of more than 3 % in 2005 and 2006
– Inflation under control
– Tax receipts tripled in the last 9 months
• World Bank re-engages and starts Country Assistance Strategy
• PRSP completed and Development Partner Round Table scheduled for 26 October
• Private sector investment in gold, diamonds and uranium over US$ 400 million in 2007
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 22
Oct-07

PROGRESS
International aid organisations improve their field presence
Birao
Ndélé
IPHD
Sam Ouandja
Paoua**
Kaga-Bandoro
Bossangoa ***
Bozoum
Sibut Bambari
Bouar
Bangassou
Bangui
IPHD
** Presence of international aid agencies as of August 2007
** MSF also has a presence in nearby Markounda and Boguila Kota
*** COOPI also has a presence in Bouca, 100 km east of Bossangoa
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 23
Oct-07

KEY CONTACTS
Contact the Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team
• Mr Toby Lanzer
– Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
– UNDP Representative
– Phone +236 56 10 26 | Email toby.lanzer@undp.org
• Ms Amanda Weyler
– Special Assistant to the Resident and Humanitarian Coordinator
– Phone +236 56 27 44 | Email amanda.weyler@undp.org
• Mr Gilbert Aho
– UNDP Senior Economist
– Phone +236 50 12 49 | Email gilbert.aho@undp.org
• Mr Kersten Jauer
– UN Information Manager
– Phone +236 57 50 34 | Email kersten.jauer@undp.org
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 24
Oct-07

WEBSITES
Useful websites
• www.cf.undp.org
– UNDP Central African Republic
• www.hdptcar.net
– HDPT CAR Blog on the humanitarian and development situation
• www.car-conference.net
– CAR Development Partner Consultation
• www.car-round-table.net
– CAR Development Partner Round Table
• www.hcpt.jot.com
– HDPT CAR Intranet for Humanitarian and Development Partners
• www.minplan-rca.org
– CAR Ministry of Economics, Plan and International Cooperation
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 25
Oct-07

OVERVIEW MAP
Important locations and roads
N
Birao
Gordil
CHAD SUDAN
Sam Ouandja
Ndélé
Kabo
Paoua Ouandago
Ngaoundaye
Bocaranga Kaga-Bandoro
Bossangoa
Bozoum
Bria
Bouar
Obo
Bambari
Sibut
Bangassou
Mobaye
Bangui
Berbérati
City / settlement
Mbaïkï
Prefecture
Nola
Road
DRC
500 km
Humanitarian and Development Partnership Team CAR Slide 26
Oct-07