This document discusses internationalized domain names (IDNs) and their implementation and use in Malaysia. It provides an overview of what IDNs are, how they work through conversion to ASCII using Punycode, countries that currently support top-level IDNs, and applications and benefits of IDNs. The document also discusses Malaysia's myIDN project to introduce Jawi, Chinese, and Tamil script domain names under .my, including development of a test bed and considerations for top-level strings to represent Malaysia.

1. Internet Identity For All
Lai Heng Choong
Manager, Application & Development
IDN Awareness 19th April 2011
IDN for Malaysian
©.my DOMAIN REGISTRY 2011

2. Agenda
o What is IDN
o Country Supported IDN
o How IDN works
o IDN, IPv6 and DNSSEC
o IDN and Security
o IDN Applications
o Why need IDN
o IDN in Malaysia
o Issues and Challenges
o Launch Plan
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3. What is IDN
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4. What is IDN
An IDN or internationalized domain name or also call
Multilingual domain name is an Internet domain
name that contains at least one Unicode characters
other than basic 37ASCII characters (a-z, 0-9 and -)
Example :
ASCII IDN
Malaysia.my ‫.مليسيا‬my
மலேசியா.my
马来西亚.my
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5. Level of Domain name
Top level and Second Level Domain Name
Level Example Example IDN
Domain
Top Level .my .மலேசியா
Second Level .com.my 公司.马来西亚
Third Level .domainregistry. ‫.الشركة.دوماءينريݢيستري‬
com.my ‫مليسيا‬
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6. What is IDN
IDNs have existed as second level since 2003
말레이시아.com , 马来西亚.com
and available under various TLDs, such as .com, .net,
.org etc
Some of ccTLD also starting support IDN since then
Domain Language / Script
maleisië.nl Dutch
말레이시아.kr Korean
マレーシア.jp Japanese
ประเทศมาเลเซีย.th Thai
mалайзия.ru Russian
‫.ماليزيا‬eg Arabic
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7. Top level IDN
Now some countries has started to support
Top Level IDN
Second Level IDN Top Level IDN
‫ .كواال لمبور‬my ‫مليسيا .كواال لمبور‬
吉隆坡.my 吉隆坡.马来西亚
ல ாோ.my ல ாோ.மலேசியா
北京.cn 北京.中国
‫.دوماءينريݢيستري‬my правительство.рф
‫بالعربى.مصر‬
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8. Countries Supported IDN
in Top Level
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9. ccTLD that Support IDN – 13 ccTLD
As per 3-3-2011
ccTLD/ Primary String
String in Language/
Country
English Script
CN/ China xn--fiqs8S , 中国 China Simplified Chinese,
xn--fiqz9S , 中國 Traditional Chinese
EG/ xn--wgbh1c Egypt Arabic/
Egypt ‫مصر‬ Arabic
HK/ xn--j6w193g Hong Kong Chinese/
Hong Kong 香港 Han (Simplified,
Traditional)
JO/ xn--mgbayh7gpa Al-Ordon Arabic/
Jordan ‫االردن‬ Arabic
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10. ccTLD that Support IDN – 13 ccTLD
ccTLD/ Primary String String in Language/
country English Script
PS/Palestinian xn--ygbi2ammx Palestine Arabic/ Arabic
‫فلسطين‬
QA/ Qatar xn--wgbl6a Qatar Arabic/ Arabic
‫قطر‬
RU/Russian xn--p1ai RF Russian/Cyrillic
Federation рф
SA/Saudi Arabia xn--mgberp4a5d4ar AlSaudiah Arabic/Arabic
‫السعودية‬
AE/United Arab xn--mgbaam7a8h Emarat Arabic/ Arabic
Emirates ‫امارات‬
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11. ccTLD that Support IDN – 13 ccTLD
ccTLD/ Primary String
String in Language/
country
English Script
territory
LK/Sri Lanka xn--fzc2c9e2c Lanka Sinhalese
ලංකා Ilangai Tamil/ Sinhala
xn--xkc2al3hye2a
இேங்க Tamil
TW/ Taiwan xn--nnx388a Taiwan/ Simplified Chinese,
臺灣 Chinese Traditional Chinese
TH/Thailand xn--o3cw4h Thai Thai/ Thai
ไทย
TN/Tunisia xn--pgbs0dh Tunis Arabic/ Arabic
‫تونس‬
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12. How IDN Works
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13. How IDN Works
IP
Domain DNS
Address
DNS is not support Non ASCII Characters
IDNA (Internationalizing
Domain Names in Applications)
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14. How IDN Works
Internationalizing Domain Names in Applications
(IDNA) is a mechanism defined in 2003 for handling
internationalized domain names containing non-
ASCII characters.
IDNA is a client based protocol:
1. User types in ‫.مليسيا‬my in for example a browser
(IDN aware browser)
2. ‫. مليسيا‬my gets converted to ASCII Characters
3. IDNA conversion xn--mgbx4cd0ab.my
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15. Puny Code
Puny code is a sequence of ASCII characters that all
IDNs will be encoded into in order for the Domain
Name System (DNS) to understand and manage the
names.
It is an algorithm that uniquely and reversibly
transforms Unicode strings into the limited character
set supported by the DNS. A converted IDN contains
only ACSII characters and starts with the “xn--” prefix.
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16. IDN in DNS
IP
‫.مليسيا‬my DNS
Address
xn--
IP
mgbx4cd0a DNS Address
b.my
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17. Browse with IDN Domain Name
Webserver
‫.دوماءينريݢيستري‬my
192.228.180.23 / 2001:328:1000:3::23
xn--ggblkrmbm4llqzcad903b.my
DNS
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18. IDN, IPv6 and DNSSEC
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19. IDN and IPv6
Since puny code will be represent IDN in DNS, so there
will be no different to ASCII domain in DNS
xn--mgbx4cd0ab.my AAAA 2001:21:e33d::23e:22
The introduction of IDN will require more IP address
space which is no more guaranteed by the remaining IPv4
address pool expected to be depleted by 2012. IPv6 will
therefore extend the needed IP address capacity for IDN
deployment around the world.
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20. IDN and DNSSEC
Similar to IPv6, since the puny code will be represent IDN
in DNS zone, then there will be no impact when
implementing DNSSEC for IDN domain name
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21. IDN Applications
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22. IDN Applications
Internet applications must handle message in multiple
languages
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23. IDN Applications
Applications must allow users to enter text in multiple
languages
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24. IDN Applications
Applications must handle content in multiple languages
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25. IDN Utilities
• Will work in all major
browsers (include
mobile phones)
• IDN Email is already
working
• Will it affect SEO?
(local content with
local language URLs)
• Applications will start
adopting/using IDNs
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26. IDN and Security
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27. IDN and Security
IDNs May Cause Increase in Phishing Attacks or
IDN-spoofing attacks that are possible due to
visually similar symbols
Example 1 :
ϒahoomoney.com ϒ=> U+03D2
Yahoomoney.com Y=> U+00DD
Example 2 :
马来亚银行.com.my 银 => U+94F6
马来亚銀行.com.my 銀 => U+9280
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28. Why need IDN
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29. Top Languages in the Internet
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30. Top Languages in the Internet
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31. Why need IDN
IDNs Improve Accessibility to the Internet
IDN's provide a convenient mechanism for
users to access Web sites in their preferred
language
Introduce your services or products to the
people who are not using English
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32. Who will benefit
Public, they can register domain with they own
language
Company & Business minded people who would
like to expand their services or products to the
world, for those who are not using English for
Internet
Government agencies and institutions promoting
services to other country. For example
universities promoting to foreign students
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33. IDN in Malaysia
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34. IDN in Malaysia (.my)
1) Malaysia is a multiracial country
 34 1) Malay (Jawi)
2) Chinese (Simplify Chinese)
3) Indian (Tamil)
4) Others
2) National language is Bahasa Malaysia (Malay)
1) Official education system uses Latin script (a – z and 0
- 9)
2) People in Malaysia basically understand and able to
write all Latin script
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35. IDN in Malaysia (.my)
1. So, most of the Malaysian has no issues to use
 35 Latin script domain name
1. www.tuition.my => English
2. www.tuisyen.my => Bahasa Malaysia(Malay)
2. IDN is more on social / community/ cultural
preservation instead of the commercial need
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36. About myIDN
myIDN is one of the .my DOMAIN REGISTRY Research and
Development projects
Objectives
 To represent Jawi, Chinese and Tamil characters in .my
Domain Name
 Gain knowledge and experience of using multi language
domain names and share it with the Internet community
 Expand a unique identity of Malaysian domain name
 Enhance DNS technology at .my ccTLD.
 As a preservation of heritage
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37. myIDN Development
Policy
Technical
Awareness
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38. IDN in Malaysia (.my)
• Research and Development was started 2007
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39. Test bed
• Test bed was launched in 2009 (Jawi) &
2010 (Chinese & Tamil)
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40. Type of IDN supported by .my
.my will support 3 scripts of IDN, which are Jawi,
Chinese and Tamil. As a start, we will launch 2nd
level IDNs in Jawi script (for example: .‫.اورݢانيسايس‬my,
.‫.چواب‬my).
Jawi Chinese Tamil
.‫مليسيا‬my 小明 .my மலேசியா.my
xn-- xn--yeto6u.my xn--
mgba6a9dd6ab. hlc3bek6de8c.my
my
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41. Top level String
Which Top Level should use to represent Malaysia?
.马来西亚 Country name
.大马 Short form for Malaysia
.马国 Short form for Chinese in China
.‫مليسيا‬ Country name
.‫ماي‬ my
.மலேசியா Country name
.கம my
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42. Top Level IDN for Malaysia
Issues in selection Top Level IDN in Malaysia
‫.مليسيا‬ = .malaysia
‫.ماي‬ = .my
All communities in IDN Jawi agree to choose Malaysia in
full name as ‫ .مليسيا‬IDN in Fast Track due to the
requirements of IDN which is :
“The IDN ccTLD string(s) must be a meaningful
representation of the name of the corresponding
country.”
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43. Top Level IDN for Malaysia
.Malaysia
ASCII
character
‫.مليسيا‬ .马来西亚 .மலேசியா
IDN in Malaysia will present in 3 language characters
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44. Issues & Challenges
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45. Technical Issues ( Jawi)
1. Rules of the Jawi number
www.rama-rama.my www.٢‫.راما‬my
www.rama22.my www.٢٢‫.راما‬my
www.999.my www.۹ ۹ ۹ .my
Mix Jawi number & www.۹ ۹ 9 .my
ASCII number
Mix Jawi alphabet & www.‫.2راما‬my
ASCII number
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46. Technical Issues ( Jawi)
2. Jawi Letter Hamzah Three Quarter
• Use in daily Jawi
• Not in Unicode table
• Can’t convert to punycode
3. Variants issue
• harimau (have 2 different characters represent “h”
in Jawi)
Jawi language table was submitted to IANA IDN Repository
on July 2010
http://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables/
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47. Technical Issues (Chinese)
• Traditional (体操) and Simplified (體操) Chinese
• 体操 ≈ 體操 (Gymnastics)
• Most Chinese users in Malaysia can read both
forms
• But prefer one form for writing
• Hong Kong, Taiwan use Traditional Chinese
• China, Singapore use Simplified Chinese
• Malaysia – mixed?
• If a user in China sees “體操.my”, she might
enter 体操.my” – will she find the right web site?
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48. Technical Issues (Chinese)
1. Since Chinese users treat the variants as equal
2. When a Chinese IDN is registered, both the traditional
version and simplified version should be given to them.
• We call this “bundling”
• Example: User wants to register 体育场.my (Stadium)
 Both 体育场.my and 體育場.my will be registered
to the same user at the same time
 Simplified Chinese users will use the former,
traditional Chinese users will use the latter. Both
works.
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49. Technical Issues (Chinese)
What if someone entered “體育场.my ”?
• Could be due to “copy and paste” or switched to traditional
input by mistake?
• Since the domain is not registered in the bundle, user will
get an error
• 4 possible combinations
• 體育场.my
• 體育场.my
• 体育場.my
• 体育場.my
• If the IDN has more variants, even more combinations.
Example: 马来西亚国家体育场has 64 combinations
• Infeasible to have all different combinations in DNS. We
need to educate users to avoid mixing variants.
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50. Technical Issues (Chinese)
體育场.my
origin
体育場.my 體育场.my
体育场.my
simplified 體育場.my
reserved
traditional
Zone file
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51. Technical Issues (Chinese)
Other variant issues
• Characters use for certain words are different between
Malaysian local Chinese and Oversea Chinese
• Example (Durian) :
• 榴莲 (Malaysia)
• 榴连 /留连(China / Taiwan / Hong Kong)
• Use the language table developed by CDNC (The Chinese
Domain Name Consortium)
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52. Top Level Variants for Chinese Characters
Top Level variants issue for Chinese IDN
• If .马来西亚 will use for the extension
• 8 variants
• 马来西亚
• 马来西亞
• 马來西亚
• 马來西亞
• 馬来西亚
• 馬来西亞
• 馬來西亚
• 馬來西亞
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53. Technical Issues (Tamil)
1. Only Tamil script is commonly use in the Indian
community in Malaysia
2. Variant Tamil Characters
• 4 variant characters in Tamil, same shapes
but use differently. Use in numerals,
numerals in Tamil are not use in Malaysia
and not allow for Tamil domain name.
3. Use Tamil Unicode table from India
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54. Launching Plan
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55. IDN 2LD & TLD Implementation Plan
IDN.ASCII
马来西亚.my
In Jawi In Tamil In Chinese
2LD IDN in Malaysia will be in 3 language (Jawi, Chinese, Tamil) scripts
IDN.IDN
(Top Level) ‫مليسيا . چوبا‬
TLD IDN in Malaysia will be in Jawi scripts first then
followed by Chinese and Tamil script.
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56. IDN 2LD Launch Plan
Launch in 3 Phases
 56
Final
Phase I Phase II
Launch
3 months 1 month 3 months 2 months
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57. Launching Schedule
Phase Duration
Application open for 9am 24 January Submit via .my DOMAIN
government agencies 2011 – REGISTRY
and government 5pm 30 April
educational entities only. 2011
Application open for 9am 1 Jun 2011 Submit via .my DOMAIN
existing .my domain – REGISTRY Acceptance of
name registrants 5pm 31 August applications from public
2011 on first-come- first-served
basis.
Public Launch TBC
There are no confirmed dates yet for Chinese and Tamil IDNs,
but it will be after Jawi IDN public launch. The detailed
information will be announced in our corporate website.
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58. IDN Specification
1. Jawi, Chinese and Tamil Characters for second level .my
domain name
2. Contact information (registrant, admin, technical,
billing) do not support non-ASCII characters
3. Both native characters and puny code domain will be
appear in all the relevant user interface, include
registration, renewal, transfer, modification, email
notice and whois
4. DNS hostname is not support IDN
5. No glue record in DNS for IDN domain name
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59. IDN Whois
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60. How much ?
FREE of 1st YEAR
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61. Jawi IDN domain name
IDN Punycode Organization
‫.جوهر‬my xn--rgbk9dd.my Jabatan Wakaf Zakat
dan Haji
(GOV)
Jabatan Perdana
Menteri
‫.مفک‬my xn--dhbh51a.my Majlis Perbandaran
Kuantan
‫.دوماءينريݢيستري‬my xn-- MYNIC BERHAD
ggblkrmbm4llqzcad90
3b
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62. How to register
• Goto www.domainregistry.my
• Register Domain
• Make new Registration
• Select Register Jawi IDN Now!
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63. Jawi Keyboard
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64. Example Websites
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65. Example Jawi websites local content
Media
Media
 65
Social
Education
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66. Example Chinese website contents
Media Society
 66
education
commercial
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67. Example Tamil website contents
Media : e- newspaper in Tamil
society
 67
commercial
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68. THANK YOU ‫تريما كاسيه‬
謝謝
TERIMA KASIH நன்றி
www.domainregistry.my
http://rnd.domainregistry.my/idn
http://idn.domainregistry.my
Email : idn@domainregistry.my
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