SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 24
Download to read offline
Sociology
Social Psychology
Social Institutions







Definition
Basic Considerations
The Law and Politics
Markets and Economics
Education and Mobility
Religion and Belief
Social Institutions


Definition:
“Structures in society, manifested as
groups of social positions and associated
social relations, invested with legitimate
authority, that serve to maintain and carry
out essential social functions and
perpetuate the social order. “
Social Institutions
Basic Considerations


All institutions are structures composed of social groups.



A condition of social groups is the interrelationship of statuses.



All statuses are reflected in role behavior



Role behaviors are cognitively mediated by their occupants.



Hence, institutions are cognitively mediated structures.
Social Institutions

The Law and Politics
Social Institutions
(Law and Politics)

Approaches to Deviance
– Structural (e.g. Merton’s Structural Strain)


Innovator desires ends but hasn’t the means

– Cognitive (e.g. Becker’s Labeling)


Attributions via sanctioned legal process
Social Institutions

(Law and Politics: The Judicial Structure)

Court System
Federal:
- The Supreme Court (1 @ 9)
- Court of Appeals (11 @ 3)
- District Courts (94 @ 1)
- Bankruptcy Courts (94 @ 1)

State:
- Superior (58 @ 1)
merged with municipal in 2001
Social Institutions

(Law and Politics: The Judicial Structure)

State Court System
– Superior Court (58 @ 1)


One for each county

– Municipal Court


Merged with Superior Courts in 2001
Social Institutions
(Law and Politics)

The Criminal Process










Arrest
Preliminary Hearing
Arraignment
Pre-Trial Hearings
Trial
Verdict
Sentencing
Incarceration
Parole
Social Institutions
(Law and Politics)

Social Psychological Considerations


Arrest and Arraignment
– Memory / Cognitive consistency



Pre-Trail and Trial Judgments
– Attribution of cause / Distributive Justice



Sentencing Practices
– Labeling / Status Characteristics and Expectation states
Social Institutions

Markets and
Economics
Social Institutions
(Markets and Economics )

Approaches to Markets
– Structure (Adam Smith - Supply/Demand)


Production, Distribution & Consumption

– Process (Arrow – Rational Choice)


Interpersonal Utility. Risk Preference
Social Institutions
(Markets and Economics)


Disintermediation and The Monetary System:

– The Federal Reserve – 13 Districts
– Debt – Banks / Bonds
– Equity – Stocks / VC
Social Institutions
(Markets and Economics)

Social Psychological Considerations


Production, Distribution & Consumption
– Utility / Exchange Equity



Risk Preference

– Opportunity Costs / Comparison Level



GNP

– Generalized Exchange
Social Institutions
(Markets and Economics)


Risk Preference
Salience
Reward
Value
CL
Risk
Social Institutions
(Markets and Economics)


Money and Meaning:
Earned Income


Wages, Salaries

Unearned Income


Dividends, Interest

Capital Gains


Real & Personal Property

Taxes
To 40%
To 77%
To 28%
Social Institutions

Education and Mobility
Social Institutions
(Education and Mobility)

Structure (Status Attainment Model)
– Parents Status, Education & 1st Job status

Family
SES
Ability

Ambition
Education
Grades
Social Institutions
(Education and Mobility)

Social Psychological Considerations


Attribution and achievement

– Status Characteristics and Success Attribution



Costs, Reward & Delayed Gratification
– Delay as Dissonance Reduction



Role Modeling

– Role Self Merger
Social Institutions
(Education and Mobility)
Process (Soc Psych Model)
Role Modeling
Delayed
Gratification
Family
SES

Ambition
Education

Ability

Self Attribution

Grades
Social Institutions

Religion and Belief
Social Institutions
(Religion and Belief)


Structure
– Hierarchically Organized (Bureaucracies)
– Bound by Symbols, Belief and Ritual
Symbols
Organizations

Ritual
Beliefs

However, cognitive mediation => disassociation from task => rise of
denominations and ultimately cults and sects, where the membership
is based more on the beliefs, symbols and ritual than on the
organizational membership.
Social Institutions
(Religion and Belief)

Social Psychological Considerations


Belief

– Dissonance Reduction



Symbols

– Significant Symbols



Ritual

– Intermittent Reinforcement / Reward
Social Institutions
(Religion and Belief)

• Process (Soc Psych Model)
S-I’s Significance
Intermittent Rewards
Symbols
Beliefs

Ritual

Dissonance Reduction

Organization

More Related Content

What's hot

Social institutions ppt
Social institutions pptSocial institutions ppt
Social institutions pptmariamrehman8
 
Political institutions
Political institutionsPolitical institutions
Political institutionsSHABBIR AHMAD
 
social stratification
social stratification social stratification
social stratification SEsivam1
 
Introduction to Sociology
Introduction to Sociology Introduction to Sociology
Introduction to Sociology Arul Actovin
 
Concept and definition of society
Concept and definition of societyConcept and definition of society
Concept and definition of societyMeghattaySaha
 
Social Institutions Chapter VI
Social Institutions Chapter VISocial Institutions Chapter VI
Social Institutions Chapter VIDenisse_Jimenez
 
Sociology Unit 4 Social Institutions Power Point
Sociology Unit 4 Social Institutions Power PointSociology Unit 4 Social Institutions Power Point
Sociology Unit 4 Social Institutions Power PointMrTimBradley
 
introduction to sociological perspectives
introduction to sociological perspectivesintroduction to sociological perspectives
introduction to sociological perspectivescapesociology
 
social institutions I characteristics and functions of social instititutions
social institutions I characteristics and functions of social instititutionssocial institutions I characteristics and functions of social instititutions
social institutions I characteristics and functions of social instititutionsMaria Theresa Bicar - Edar
 
Society and Culture
Society and CultureSociety and Culture
Society and CultureKarl Obispo
 
Economic institution ch 21
Economic institution ch 21Economic institution ch 21
Economic institution ch 21Liaqat Jogi .
 
Sociological Theory
Sociological TheorySociological Theory
Sociological TheoryTareq Ahmed
 

What's hot (20)

Social institutions ppt
Social institutions pptSocial institutions ppt
Social institutions ppt
 
Social Control and Social Sanctions
Social Control and Social SanctionsSocial Control and Social Sanctions
Social Control and Social Sanctions
 
Social Justice
Social JusticeSocial Justice
Social Justice
 
Society and its types 1
Society and its types 1Society and its types 1
Society and its types 1
 
Political institutions
Political institutionsPolitical institutions
Political institutions
 
social stratification
social stratification social stratification
social stratification
 
Introduction to Sociology
Introduction to Sociology Introduction to Sociology
Introduction to Sociology
 
Concept and definition of society
Concept and definition of societyConcept and definition of society
Concept and definition of society
 
Social Institutions Chapter VI
Social Institutions Chapter VISocial Institutions Chapter VI
Social Institutions Chapter VI
 
Social structure
Social structureSocial structure
Social structure
 
Social Stratification
Social StratificationSocial Stratification
Social Stratification
 
Sociology Unit 4 Social Institutions Power Point
Sociology Unit 4 Social Institutions Power PointSociology Unit 4 Social Institutions Power Point
Sociology Unit 4 Social Institutions Power Point
 
introduction to sociological perspectives
introduction to sociological perspectivesintroduction to sociological perspectives
introduction to sociological perspectives
 
Social Institutions and Education
Social Institutions and EducationSocial Institutions and Education
Social Institutions and Education
 
Basic element of culture
Basic element of cultureBasic element of culture
Basic element of culture
 
Basic concepts of Sociology
Basic concepts of SociologyBasic concepts of Sociology
Basic concepts of Sociology
 
social institutions I characteristics and functions of social instititutions
social institutions I characteristics and functions of social instititutionssocial institutions I characteristics and functions of social instititutions
social institutions I characteristics and functions of social instititutions
 
Society and Culture
Society and CultureSociety and Culture
Society and Culture
 
Economic institution ch 21
Economic institution ch 21Economic institution ch 21
Economic institution ch 21
 
Sociological Theory
Sociological TheorySociological Theory
Sociological Theory
 

Viewers also liked

Social institution
Social institutionSocial institution
Social institutionSandy Viceno
 
Social institutions
Social institutionsSocial institutions
Social institutionsWenlie Jean
 
Social institutions
Social institutionsSocial institutions
Social institutionsbchozinski
 
Economy...as a social institution
Economy...as a social institutionEconomy...as a social institution
Economy...as a social institutionUmar Farooq
 
Social institutions - Sociology
Social institutions - SociologySocial institutions - Sociology
Social institutions - Sociologymc aa
 
Sociology - the family institution
Sociology - the family institutionSociology - the family institution
Sociology - the family institutionHifza Kiyani
 
Social institutions
Social institutionsSocial institutions
Social institutionsNoshoo
 
Family structures & Classification (for a Sociology Presentation)
Family structures & Classification (for a Sociology Presentation)Family structures & Classification (for a Sociology Presentation)
Family structures & Classification (for a Sociology Presentation)Simran Gajraj
 
Social Dimensions of Education (Introduction)
Social Dimensions of Education (Introduction)Social Dimensions of Education (Introduction)
Social Dimensions of Education (Introduction)jodasig
 
Social Dimension - Social Institution
Social Dimension - Social InstitutionSocial Dimension - Social Institution
Social Dimension - Social InstitutionJudy Lou Gumapo
 
Education As A Social Institution
Education As A Social InstitutionEducation As A Social Institution
Education As A Social InstitutionFrezie Jaine Dablo
 
Sociology and its difference with other social sciences
Sociology and its difference with other social sciencesSociology and its difference with other social sciences
Sociology and its difference with other social sciencesDr.Kamran Ishfaq
 

Viewers also liked (20)

Social institution
Social institutionSocial institution
Social institution
 
Social institutions
Social institutionsSocial institutions
Social institutions
 
Social Institutions
Social InstitutionsSocial Institutions
Social Institutions
 
Social institutions
Social institutionsSocial institutions
Social institutions
 
Social dimension
Social dimensionSocial dimension
Social dimension
 
11social institutions
11social institutions11social institutions
11social institutions
 
Economy...as a social institution
Economy...as a social institutionEconomy...as a social institution
Economy...as a social institution
 
Social institution
Social institutionSocial institution
Social institution
 
Social institutions - Sociology
Social institutions - SociologySocial institutions - Sociology
Social institutions - Sociology
 
Sociology - the family institution
Sociology - the family institutionSociology - the family institution
Sociology - the family institution
 
ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS....
ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS....ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS....
ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS....
 
Social institutions
Social institutionsSocial institutions
Social institutions
 
Family.ppt[1]
Family.ppt[1]Family.ppt[1]
Family.ppt[1]
 
Family structures & Classification (for a Sociology Presentation)
Family structures & Classification (for a Sociology Presentation)Family structures & Classification (for a Sociology Presentation)
Family structures & Classification (for a Sociology Presentation)
 
Social Dimensions of Education (Introduction)
Social Dimensions of Education (Introduction)Social Dimensions of Education (Introduction)
Social Dimensions of Education (Introduction)
 
Social Dimension - Social Institution
Social Dimension - Social InstitutionSocial Dimension - Social Institution
Social Dimension - Social Institution
 
social institution
social institutionsocial institution
social institution
 
Education As A Social Institution
Education As A Social InstitutionEducation As A Social Institution
Education As A Social Institution
 
Social institution
Social institutionSocial institution
Social institution
 
Sociology and its difference with other social sciences
Sociology and its difference with other social sciencesSociology and its difference with other social sciences
Sociology and its difference with other social sciences
 

Similar to Social institutions ( Sociology )

HLEG thematic workshop on measuring economic, social and environmental resili...
HLEG thematic workshop on measuring economic, social and environmental resili...HLEG thematic workshop on measuring economic, social and environmental resili...
HLEG thematic workshop on measuring economic, social and environmental resili...StatsCommunications
 
What is SociologyThe scientific study of human – social activ.docx
What is SociologyThe scientific study of human – social activ.docxWhat is SociologyThe scientific study of human – social activ.docx
What is SociologyThe scientific study of human – social activ.docxalanfhall8953
 
Hsie @ khs seniors & juniors electives
Hsie @ khs seniors & juniors electivesHsie @ khs seniors & juniors electives
Hsie @ khs seniors & juniors electivesQUANT2016
 
Cultural Materialism
Cultural MaterialismCultural Materialism
Cultural MaterialismJoy Batang Ü
 
Sociological perspectives
Sociological perspectivesSociological perspectives
Sociological perspectivesMel Ventre
 
Training in democracy and social structures
Training in democracy and social structuresTraining in democracy and social structures
Training in democracy and social structuresYousser Hegazi
 
Training in democracy and social structures
Training in democracy and social structuresTraining in democracy and social structures
Training in democracy and social structuresYousser Hegazi
 
Pol sc 10 essay overview
Pol sc 10 essay overviewPol sc 10 essay overview
Pol sc 10 essay overviewTobias Green
 
Comp Econ&Institution
Comp Econ&InstitutionComp Econ&Institution
Comp Econ&Institutionbhamori
 
Comparative Government theory and structure
Comparative Government theory and structureComparative Government theory and structure
Comparative Government theory and structurenorth819
 
4th Lect. Introduction to Rural sociology 101
4th Lect. Introduction to Rural sociology 1014th Lect. Introduction to Rural sociology 101
4th Lect. Introduction to Rural sociology 101Marina Hanna
 
Community participation
Community participationCommunity participation
Community participationMerlyn Denesia
 
Community Engagement Part3
Community Engagement Part3Community Engagement Part3
Community Engagement Part3Ron Razo
 
Elements of the Community
Elements of the CommunityElements of the Community
Elements of the CommunityConan Rogador
 
An Intro to Social Institutions & Institution of Economics
An Intro to Social Institutions & Institution of EconomicsAn Intro to Social Institutions & Institution of Economics
An Intro to Social Institutions & Institution of EconomicsUOW
 
Acop.lakoff.2
Acop.lakoff.2Acop.lakoff.2
Acop.lakoff.2ACOP
 

Similar to Social institutions ( Sociology ) (20)

HLEG thematic workshop on measuring economic, social and environmental resili...
HLEG thematic workshop on measuring economic, social and environmental resili...HLEG thematic workshop on measuring economic, social and environmental resili...
HLEG thematic workshop on measuring economic, social and environmental resili...
 
What is SociologyThe scientific study of human – social activ.docx
What is SociologyThe scientific study of human – social activ.docxWhat is SociologyThe scientific study of human – social activ.docx
What is SociologyThe scientific study of human – social activ.docx
 
Sadi's
Sadi'sSadi's
Sadi's
 
Hsie @ khs seniors & juniors electives
Hsie @ khs seniors & juniors electivesHsie @ khs seniors & juniors electives
Hsie @ khs seniors & juniors electives
 
Cultural Materialism
Cultural MaterialismCultural Materialism
Cultural Materialism
 
Sociological perspectives
Sociological perspectivesSociological perspectives
Sociological perspectives
 
Training in democracy and social structures
Training in democracy and social structuresTraining in democracy and social structures
Training in democracy and social structures
 
Training in democracy and social structures
Training in democracy and social structuresTraining in democracy and social structures
Training in democracy and social structures
 
Pol sc 10 essay overview
Pol sc 10 essay overviewPol sc 10 essay overview
Pol sc 10 essay overview
 
Comp Econ&Institution
Comp Econ&InstitutionComp Econ&Institution
Comp Econ&Institution
 
Comparative Government theory and structure
Comparative Government theory and structureComparative Government theory and structure
Comparative Government theory and structure
 
4th Lect. Introduction to Rural sociology 101
4th Lect. Introduction to Rural sociology 1014th Lect. Introduction to Rural sociology 101
4th Lect. Introduction to Rural sociology 101
 
From The Ground Up
From The Ground UpFrom The Ground Up
From The Ground Up
 
Community participation
Community participationCommunity participation
Community participation
 
Community Engagement Part3
Community Engagement Part3Community Engagement Part3
Community Engagement Part3
 
social system.pptx
social system.pptxsocial system.pptx
social system.pptx
 
Community Structures.pdf
Community Structures.pdfCommunity Structures.pdf
Community Structures.pdf
 
Elements of the Community
Elements of the CommunityElements of the Community
Elements of the Community
 
An Intro to Social Institutions & Institution of Economics
An Intro to Social Institutions & Institution of EconomicsAn Intro to Social Institutions & Institution of Economics
An Intro to Social Institutions & Institution of Economics
 
Acop.lakoff.2
Acop.lakoff.2Acop.lakoff.2
Acop.lakoff.2
 

More from Qamar Farooq

Forms of Business Ownership and Organization
Forms of Business Ownership and OrganizationForms of Business Ownership and Organization
Forms of Business Ownership and Organization Qamar Farooq
 
Contemporary business 13th edition
Contemporary business 13th edition Contemporary business 13th edition
Contemporary business 13th edition Qamar Farooq
 
Introduction to Supply Chain Management
Introduction to Supply Chain Management Introduction to Supply Chain Management
Introduction to Supply Chain Management Qamar Farooq
 
International Business and Marketing
International Business and MarketingInternational Business and Marketing
International Business and MarketingQamar Farooq
 
The Most Challenging Economy in Decades
The Most Challenging Economy in DecadesThe Most Challenging Economy in Decades
The Most Challenging Economy in DecadesQamar Farooq
 
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social IssuesToday's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues Qamar Farooq
 
Major problem of pakistan
Major problem of pakistanMajor problem of pakistan
Major problem of pakistanQamar Farooq
 
Definitions of Econometric
Definitions of Econometric Definitions of Econometric
Definitions of Econometric Qamar Farooq
 
Small Medium Enterprise In Pakistan
Small Medium Enterprise In PakistanSmall Medium Enterprise In Pakistan
Small Medium Enterprise In PakistanQamar Farooq
 
International Business and Marketing
International Business and Marketing International Business and Marketing
International Business and Marketing Qamar Farooq
 
The Most Challenging economy in Decades
The Most Challenging economy in Decades The Most Challenging economy in Decades
The Most Challenging economy in Decades Qamar Farooq
 
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues (Chapter 2)
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues (Chapter 2)Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues (Chapter 2)
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues (Chapter 2)Qamar Farooq
 
Exports, counter trade
Exports, counter tradeExports, counter trade
Exports, counter tradeQamar Farooq
 
Supply Network Design Lecture 5
Supply Network Design Lecture 5Supply Network Design Lecture 5
Supply Network Design Lecture 5Qamar Farooq
 
Peachtree user guide 2009
Peachtree user guide 2009Peachtree user guide 2009
Peachtree user guide 2009Qamar Farooq
 
Excel 2013 guide book
Excel 2013 guide bookExcel 2013 guide book
Excel 2013 guide bookQamar Farooq
 
The Revenue Cycle
The Revenue Cycle The Revenue Cycle
The Revenue Cycle Qamar Farooq
 
Introduction to Transaction Processing Chapter No. 2
Introduction to Transaction Processing   Chapter No. 2Introduction to Transaction Processing   Chapter No. 2
Introduction to Transaction Processing Chapter No. 2Qamar Farooq
 
Globalization ( Chapter no. 1)
Globalization ( Chapter no. 1)Globalization ( Chapter no. 1)
Globalization ( Chapter no. 1)Qamar Farooq
 
Production and operations_management
Production and operations_managementProduction and operations_management
Production and operations_managementQamar Farooq
 

More from Qamar Farooq (20)

Forms of Business Ownership and Organization
Forms of Business Ownership and OrganizationForms of Business Ownership and Organization
Forms of Business Ownership and Organization
 
Contemporary business 13th edition
Contemporary business 13th edition Contemporary business 13th edition
Contemporary business 13th edition
 
Introduction to Supply Chain Management
Introduction to Supply Chain Management Introduction to Supply Chain Management
Introduction to Supply Chain Management
 
International Business and Marketing
International Business and MarketingInternational Business and Marketing
International Business and Marketing
 
The Most Challenging Economy in Decades
The Most Challenging Economy in DecadesThe Most Challenging Economy in Decades
The Most Challenging Economy in Decades
 
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social IssuesToday's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues
 
Major problem of pakistan
Major problem of pakistanMajor problem of pakistan
Major problem of pakistan
 
Definitions of Econometric
Definitions of Econometric Definitions of Econometric
Definitions of Econometric
 
Small Medium Enterprise In Pakistan
Small Medium Enterprise In PakistanSmall Medium Enterprise In Pakistan
Small Medium Enterprise In Pakistan
 
International Business and Marketing
International Business and Marketing International Business and Marketing
International Business and Marketing
 
The Most Challenging economy in Decades
The Most Challenging economy in Decades The Most Challenging economy in Decades
The Most Challenging economy in Decades
 
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues (Chapter 2)
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues (Chapter 2)Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues (Chapter 2)
Today's Environment for Business Ethics and Related Social Issues (Chapter 2)
 
Exports, counter trade
Exports, counter tradeExports, counter trade
Exports, counter trade
 
Supply Network Design Lecture 5
Supply Network Design Lecture 5Supply Network Design Lecture 5
Supply Network Design Lecture 5
 
Peachtree user guide 2009
Peachtree user guide 2009Peachtree user guide 2009
Peachtree user guide 2009
 
Excel 2013 guide book
Excel 2013 guide bookExcel 2013 guide book
Excel 2013 guide book
 
The Revenue Cycle
The Revenue Cycle The Revenue Cycle
The Revenue Cycle
 
Introduction to Transaction Processing Chapter No. 2
Introduction to Transaction Processing   Chapter No. 2Introduction to Transaction Processing   Chapter No. 2
Introduction to Transaction Processing Chapter No. 2
 
Globalization ( Chapter no. 1)
Globalization ( Chapter no. 1)Globalization ( Chapter no. 1)
Globalization ( Chapter no. 1)
 
Production and operations_management
Production and operations_managementProduction and operations_management
Production and operations_management
 

Social institutions ( Sociology )

  • 2. Social Institutions       Definition Basic Considerations The Law and Politics Markets and Economics Education and Mobility Religion and Belief
  • 3. Social Institutions  Definition: “Structures in society, manifested as groups of social positions and associated social relations, invested with legitimate authority, that serve to maintain and carry out essential social functions and perpetuate the social order. “
  • 4. Social Institutions Basic Considerations  All institutions are structures composed of social groups.  A condition of social groups is the interrelationship of statuses.  All statuses are reflected in role behavior  Role behaviors are cognitively mediated by their occupants.  Hence, institutions are cognitively mediated structures.
  • 6. Social Institutions (Law and Politics) Approaches to Deviance – Structural (e.g. Merton’s Structural Strain)  Innovator desires ends but hasn’t the means – Cognitive (e.g. Becker’s Labeling)  Attributions via sanctioned legal process
  • 7. Social Institutions (Law and Politics: The Judicial Structure) Court System Federal: - The Supreme Court (1 @ 9) - Court of Appeals (11 @ 3) - District Courts (94 @ 1) - Bankruptcy Courts (94 @ 1) State: - Superior (58 @ 1) merged with municipal in 2001
  • 8. Social Institutions (Law and Politics: The Judicial Structure) State Court System – Superior Court (58 @ 1)  One for each county – Municipal Court  Merged with Superior Courts in 2001
  • 9. Social Institutions (Law and Politics) The Criminal Process          Arrest Preliminary Hearing Arraignment Pre-Trial Hearings Trial Verdict Sentencing Incarceration Parole
  • 10. Social Institutions (Law and Politics) Social Psychological Considerations  Arrest and Arraignment – Memory / Cognitive consistency  Pre-Trail and Trial Judgments – Attribution of cause / Distributive Justice  Sentencing Practices – Labeling / Status Characteristics and Expectation states
  • 12. Social Institutions (Markets and Economics ) Approaches to Markets – Structure (Adam Smith - Supply/Demand)  Production, Distribution & Consumption – Process (Arrow – Rational Choice)  Interpersonal Utility. Risk Preference
  • 13. Social Institutions (Markets and Economics)  Disintermediation and The Monetary System: – The Federal Reserve – 13 Districts – Debt – Banks / Bonds – Equity – Stocks / VC
  • 14. Social Institutions (Markets and Economics) Social Psychological Considerations  Production, Distribution & Consumption – Utility / Exchange Equity  Risk Preference – Opportunity Costs / Comparison Level  GNP – Generalized Exchange
  • 15. Social Institutions (Markets and Economics)  Risk Preference Salience Reward Value CL Risk
  • 16. Social Institutions (Markets and Economics)  Money and Meaning: Earned Income  Wages, Salaries Unearned Income  Dividends, Interest Capital Gains  Real & Personal Property Taxes To 40% To 77% To 28%
  • 18. Social Institutions (Education and Mobility) Structure (Status Attainment Model) – Parents Status, Education & 1st Job status Family SES Ability Ambition Education Grades
  • 19. Social Institutions (Education and Mobility) Social Psychological Considerations  Attribution and achievement – Status Characteristics and Success Attribution  Costs, Reward & Delayed Gratification – Delay as Dissonance Reduction  Role Modeling – Role Self Merger
  • 20. Social Institutions (Education and Mobility) Process (Soc Psych Model) Role Modeling Delayed Gratification Family SES Ambition Education Ability Self Attribution Grades
  • 22. Social Institutions (Religion and Belief)  Structure – Hierarchically Organized (Bureaucracies) – Bound by Symbols, Belief and Ritual Symbols Organizations Ritual Beliefs However, cognitive mediation => disassociation from task => rise of denominations and ultimately cults and sects, where the membership is based more on the beliefs, symbols and ritual than on the organizational membership.
  • 23. Social Institutions (Religion and Belief) Social Psychological Considerations  Belief – Dissonance Reduction  Symbols – Significant Symbols  Ritual – Intermittent Reinforcement / Reward
  • 24. Social Institutions (Religion and Belief) • Process (Soc Psych Model) S-I’s Significance Intermittent Rewards Symbols Beliefs Ritual Dissonance Reduction Organization