2. 1857
Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville
Édouard-Léon created the phonautograph which
records sounds using a rotating cylinder but it does
not playback audio.
It is the first known device to record sound.
7. 1901
Victor Talking Machine Company
The Victor Talking Machine Company
is founded and it becomes America's
leading producer of records and
phonographs.
9. 1931
Alan Dower Blumlein
Alan Dower invents stereophonic sound for
recording he was an EMI researcher for the
British music recording and publishing company.
10. 1939
Magnetic tape was invented.
It is used for magnetic recording and is made of a thin
magnetic coating which is on a strip of plastic film.
11. 1950s
The 45 rpm 7 inch record is invented.
This is a type of vinyl.
12. How did the introduction of vinyl make a difference to the
performance with turntables?
14/04/15
Prior to the introduction of vinyl, there were various different materials used, initially
brown wax cylinder records were used in the 1890s. The introduction of vinyl in the
1930s made a difference to the performance with time-tables as the gramophone
records were previously made from hard rubber and then shellac, which is more
fragile than the vinyl material. The advantages of vinyl over shellac was that they
could hold a lot more grooves to allow for longer playing time, also vinyl was
produced better sound quality and a lot less likely to get unwanted frequencies unlike
the shellac discs. Therefore, vinyl’s allowed DJs to play much longer records, at
higher speeds, with less unwanted frequency disruption and were hard wearing as
the Vinylite was more durable than the previously used shellac.
Due to the introduction of vinyl, the company Columbia, decided to produce a new
turntable to demonstrate the power of the vinyl records to their full potential. This
turntable was slower than previous ones, with a lighter pick up, which meant that it
was a lot steadier when playing a vinyl record and it also produced a better sound
quality. This helped start the DJ wave as it made DJ-ing a possibility and more
affordable than it previously was.
18. How does scratching work /what is happening to the sound?
14/04/15
Scratching works by manipulating the vinyl on a turntable,
by moving the vinyl at different velocities (back and forth),
the stylus will move through the grooves and create the
sounds we know of as scratching.
What has changed more recently with regards to
scratching?
With the rise of digital laser discs, scratching has had to
adapt over the years and has become popular in a digital
format. They have done this by creating CD players with jog
wheels which allows a user to scratch a CD as if it were a
vinyl record. They do this by using software that emulates
the original scratching sounds that you would get with the
original vinyl, such as beat scratching and beat matching.
You would usually connect this to a programme using MIDI.
19. Could scratching be related to music concrete (where sounds
were manipulated by changing the speed and direction)?
14/04/15
Musique Concrete is a genre of electroacoustic music that was invented by Pierre
Schaeffer in France in the 1940s. Musique Concrete is similar to what we know as
sampling nowadays, where you take a recorded sound and use it to create a
piece of music, rather than relying solely on musical instruments. This type of
music, and how they used recorded sounds to sound like musical instruments,
has influenced scratching as they both use samples and manipulating the sounds
in various ways. If it wasn’t for Musique Concrete, I believe that scratching and
other forms of music sampling would not be what they are today.
20. 2004
The digital turntable was invented it can play CDs and
MP3s from a SD .Panasonic released the technics SL-
DZ1200 digital turntable.
21. 2005
Serato created software that allows analogue turntables to
be able to play audio files via special timecode records.
This software was called scratch live.
22. 2008
Scott de Martinville's phonautogram from April 9,1860 recording is
played back from more than 150 years ago by the First Sounds
Collaborative in the United States.
