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Standardization:
Codifying and disseminating state of the art
technology and best practices to the market
Biorefinery for Food, Fuel and Materials      Harmen Willemse
April 10, 2013, Wageningen                    Consultant
                                              NEN - Netherlands
                                              Standardization Institute

Developing standards for Bio-based products                               1
About NEN
35.000 standard users
1.400 committees
40.000 standards
€ 40 million turnover, 300 employees
280 international secretariats CEN and ISO

Private standardization
organisation since 1916
Founding member of CEN,
 CENELEC, ISO and IEC




Developing standards for Bio-based products
NEN Energy resources

•   Standards development in energy market:
    – Solid, liquid & gaseous (bio)fuels
    – Gas (CNG, LNG), Biogas, Biomethane
    – Sustainability
    – Oil, (petro)chemical & gas Technology
    – Pipeline and distrubution systems
    – Energy management, Asset management
    – Hydrogen & Fuel cell Technology
    – Biobased products
    – Smart cities, Smart grids, Electrical vehicles
    – Wind, Tidal and Solar power systems




Developing standards for Bio-based products
Standardization

•   A standard is a voluntary agreement amongst market
    parties
•   Starting points for standards development
    – All parties concerned
    – Agreements based on consensus
    – Open & transparent process

•   Purposes
    – Facilitating trade & interoperability
    – Self-regulation
    – Health, safety, environment
    – Image




Developing standards for Bio-based products
International standardization
Standardization takes place
at three levels:
   – National (NEN)
   – European (CEN)
   – International (ISO)




Developing standards for Bio-based products
Standardizing the Bio-based Economy




Developing standards for Bio-based products
                                              6
Characteristics Bio-based Economy


• Science based, so highly knowledge intensive
• Relatively high R&D intensity, so very innovative
  sector
• Heterogeneous value chains: the variety in
  downstream industrial applications
• Competition with the bioenergy sector for biomass
  resources
• Most technologies in early stages of lifecycle
• Need for new cooperation: chemical industry and
  agriculture



Developing standards for Bio-based products
                                                      7
Three phases in the innovation diffusion process




                                              Ortt and Schoormans (2004)


Developing standards for Bio-based products
                                                                           8
Iterations of standard setting process.

                                                                   Standards:

                                                                   R&D-related standards for
                                                                   -Definition standards
           First Standardisation phase                             -Measurement and testing
                                                                   -Reference models
                                                                   Performance & interface standards


            Second Standardisation phase
                                                                   Application-specific standards
                                                                   Descriptive standards



                Third Standardisation phase




Development-Related Standardisation (adapted from Blind, 2004, p.188)




Developing standards for Bio-based products
                                                                                                       9
Bio-based products: European Mandates for
standardization

  M/429

   BTWG 209
   BTWG 209
    Bio-based
    Bio-based
    products*
     products*


  M/430                                         M/430         M/491             M/491
                                                                                M/492
        CEN/TC 19
         CEN/TC 19                                             CEN/TC 276
                                                               CEN/TC 276         CEN/TC 411
                                                                                  CEN/TC 411
    Gaseous and liquid                           CEN/TC 249
                                                 CEN/TC 249
     Gaseous and liquid                                       Surface Active
                                                              Surface Active       Bio-based
                                                                                   Bio-based
   fuels, lubricants and                           Plastics
                                                   Plastics
    fuels, lubricants and                                        Agents
                                                                  Agents            products
                                                                                     products
    related products of
     related products of
   petroleum, synthetic
    petroleum, synthetic
   and biological origin
    and biological origin


  Developing standards for Bio-based products
                                                                      * Disbanded in August 2010
Mandates

 M/492 Mandate for the development of horizontal
 European standards and other standardization deliverables
 for bio-based products

 M/491 Mandate for the development of European
 standards and technical specifications and/or technical
 reports for bio-surfactants and bio-solvents in relation to
 bio-based product aspects




Developing standards for Bio-based products
Mandates on bio-based products

CEN/BT accepted Mandates M/491 and M/492 in May 2011
and decided:
   •  TC 276 “Surface active agents” to work on bio-
     surfactants
   • New TC 411 “Bio-based products” to work on horizontal
     standards and bio-solvents




  Developing standards for Bio-based products
CEN/TC 411 Bio-based products


Develop standards for bio-based products covering
horizontal aspects. This includes:
•Terminology
•Determination of bio-based carbon content
•Determination of bio-based content
•Specific sustainability criteria
•Specific Life-Cycle Analysis Guidance
•Bio-solvents aspects in relation to bio-based
products
•Specific declaration and certification tools



Developing standards for Bio-based products
                                                    13
CEN/TC 411 Working Groups


• WG 1 Terminology
• WG 2 Bio-solvents
• WG 3 Bio-based content
• WG 4 Sustainability criteria, life cycle analysis and
  related issues
• WG 5 Certification and declaration tools




Developing standards for Bio-based products
                                                          14
Support to standardization for bio-based
products

 • Knowledge Based Bio-based Products' Pre-
   Standardization
 • Project duration: 3 years
 • Part of EU FP7-KBBE work program




                                              15
Project objectives

• Faster growth of the bio-based product industry
• Increased share of bio-based in the total use of final
  (consumer) products and intermediates up to 2020
  and beyond.
• By facilitating the development and improvement of
  standards and their related certification systems.




                                                           16
Impact of standards on BBP

• Reduce trade barriers
• Promote development of a pan-European market
• Improved quality and sustainability
• Increased end-user satisfaction and economic
  viability
• Transparency about sourcing, bio-content,
  (comparative) functionality
• Increased public acceptance




                                                 17
Project Partners

Participant                                    Country

Netherlands Standardization Institute          NL
Stichting Energy research Centre Netherlands   NL
Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence at the    UK
University of York
nova-Institut                                  DE
Organic Waste Systems                          BE
Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek,     NL
Institute Food & Bio-based Research
Agricultural University of Athens              GR
Work Packages


• WP1 - Project Management (NEN)
• WP2 – Stakeholder consultation and dissemination
  (nova Institute)
• WP3 – Bio-based carbon content (ECN)
• WP4 – Biomass content (Univ. York )
• WP5 – Bottlenecks and impacts on functionality
  tests (nova Inst)
• WP6 – Biodegradability (OWS)




                                                     19
Link with standardisation


                     Research results




Stakeholder                              Public
Workshops                               Balloting




                     Research needs
Example: Determination of Bio-based carbon
content

  KBBPPS WP 3: Bio-based                 CEN/TC 411 WG 3: Biobased
  carbon content                         content
 •Development of sampling and test
 methodology for the determination
 of biogenic carbon in a wide variety   • Standardization of a method
 of product types or streams              determining the bio-based
 •Assessment of improving sampling        carbon content of products
 methodology in line with those for     • Standardization of a method
 overall biomass content                  determining the bio-based
 determination                            content of products, other than
 •Incorporation of the possibility to     bio-based carbon content
 obtain a horizontal methodology
 •Reproducibility check of the test
 methodology



                                                                            21
Sampling and biogenic carbon determination
KBBPPS                                 CEN/TC 411

Description of                         Existing
horizontal                             standards
methods
                                       Capture in
                                       Technical
verification of                        Specification
the method
applicability
                                       Definition of
                                       scope of EN
interlaboratory                        standard
rugedness
tests for
precision                              Publication of
determination                          EN standard



                                                        22
Example 2: biodegradability of biosolvents


 KBBPPS WP 6: Biodegradability           CEN/TC 411 WG 2:
                                         Biosolvents
•Report on current relevant
biodegradation and ecotoxicity          • Development of standards for
standards for bio-lubricants and          solvents, covering product
biosolvents.                              functionality (performance),
•Review of current biodegradation         toxicity, ecotoxicity,
test methods in different                 biodegradability, safety
environments                            • If necessary, product specific
•Existing test procedures for             and sustainability aspects not
evaluating environmental safety.          covered under another
•Difficulties and gaps in the current     CEN/TC 411 working group.
test methods




                                                                           23
Iterations of standard setting process.




                                          24
Role of standards




                    Ortt and Schoormans (2004)


                                                 25
Conclusions

• Moving into the second phase of its first technology
  lifecycle
• Only a fraction of the standards that will eventually
  govern the development of bio-based chemicals are
  already in place
• Now is a crucial time for standardisation
• Basic standards which affected the rest of the
  technology life cycle come into existence
• Foundations for further development of bio-based
  products are established




                                                          26
WWW.BIOBASEDECONOMY.EU




                         27

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Standardization: Codifying and disseminating state of the art technology and best practices to the market

  • 1. Standardization: Codifying and disseminating state of the art technology and best practices to the market Biorefinery for Food, Fuel and Materials Harmen Willemse April 10, 2013, Wageningen Consultant NEN - Netherlands Standardization Institute Developing standards for Bio-based products 1
  • 2. About NEN 35.000 standard users 1.400 committees 40.000 standards € 40 million turnover, 300 employees 280 international secretariats CEN and ISO Private standardization organisation since 1916 Founding member of CEN, CENELEC, ISO and IEC Developing standards for Bio-based products
  • 3. NEN Energy resources • Standards development in energy market: – Solid, liquid & gaseous (bio)fuels – Gas (CNG, LNG), Biogas, Biomethane – Sustainability – Oil, (petro)chemical & gas Technology – Pipeline and distrubution systems – Energy management, Asset management – Hydrogen & Fuel cell Technology – Biobased products – Smart cities, Smart grids, Electrical vehicles – Wind, Tidal and Solar power systems Developing standards for Bio-based products
  • 4. Standardization • A standard is a voluntary agreement amongst market parties • Starting points for standards development – All parties concerned – Agreements based on consensus – Open & transparent process • Purposes – Facilitating trade & interoperability – Self-regulation – Health, safety, environment – Image Developing standards for Bio-based products
  • 5. International standardization Standardization takes place at three levels: – National (NEN) – European (CEN) – International (ISO) Developing standards for Bio-based products
  • 6. Standardizing the Bio-based Economy Developing standards for Bio-based products 6
  • 7. Characteristics Bio-based Economy • Science based, so highly knowledge intensive • Relatively high R&D intensity, so very innovative sector • Heterogeneous value chains: the variety in downstream industrial applications • Competition with the bioenergy sector for biomass resources • Most technologies in early stages of lifecycle • Need for new cooperation: chemical industry and agriculture Developing standards for Bio-based products 7
  • 8. Three phases in the innovation diffusion process Ortt and Schoormans (2004) Developing standards for Bio-based products 8
  • 9. Iterations of standard setting process. Standards: R&D-related standards for -Definition standards First Standardisation phase -Measurement and testing -Reference models Performance & interface standards Second Standardisation phase Application-specific standards Descriptive standards Third Standardisation phase Development-Related Standardisation (adapted from Blind, 2004, p.188) Developing standards for Bio-based products 9
  • 10. Bio-based products: European Mandates for standardization M/429 BTWG 209 BTWG 209 Bio-based Bio-based products* products* M/430 M/430 M/491 M/491 M/492 CEN/TC 19 CEN/TC 19 CEN/TC 276 CEN/TC 276 CEN/TC 411 CEN/TC 411 Gaseous and liquid CEN/TC 249 CEN/TC 249 Gaseous and liquid Surface Active Surface Active Bio-based Bio-based fuels, lubricants and Plastics Plastics fuels, lubricants and Agents Agents products products related products of related products of petroleum, synthetic petroleum, synthetic and biological origin and biological origin Developing standards for Bio-based products * Disbanded in August 2010
  • 11. Mandates M/492 Mandate for the development of horizontal European standards and other standardization deliverables for bio-based products M/491 Mandate for the development of European standards and technical specifications and/or technical reports for bio-surfactants and bio-solvents in relation to bio-based product aspects Developing standards for Bio-based products
  • 12. Mandates on bio-based products CEN/BT accepted Mandates M/491 and M/492 in May 2011 and decided: • TC 276 “Surface active agents” to work on bio- surfactants • New TC 411 “Bio-based products” to work on horizontal standards and bio-solvents Developing standards for Bio-based products
  • 13. CEN/TC 411 Bio-based products Develop standards for bio-based products covering horizontal aspects. This includes: •Terminology •Determination of bio-based carbon content •Determination of bio-based content •Specific sustainability criteria •Specific Life-Cycle Analysis Guidance •Bio-solvents aspects in relation to bio-based products •Specific declaration and certification tools Developing standards for Bio-based products 13
  • 14. CEN/TC 411 Working Groups • WG 1 Terminology • WG 2 Bio-solvents • WG 3 Bio-based content • WG 4 Sustainability criteria, life cycle analysis and related issues • WG 5 Certification and declaration tools Developing standards for Bio-based products 14
  • 15. Support to standardization for bio-based products • Knowledge Based Bio-based Products' Pre- Standardization • Project duration: 3 years • Part of EU FP7-KBBE work program 15
  • 16. Project objectives • Faster growth of the bio-based product industry • Increased share of bio-based in the total use of final (consumer) products and intermediates up to 2020 and beyond. • By facilitating the development and improvement of standards and their related certification systems. 16
  • 17. Impact of standards on BBP • Reduce trade barriers • Promote development of a pan-European market • Improved quality and sustainability • Increased end-user satisfaction and economic viability • Transparency about sourcing, bio-content, (comparative) functionality • Increased public acceptance 17
  • 18. Project Partners Participant Country Netherlands Standardization Institute NL Stichting Energy research Centre Netherlands NL Green Chemistry Centre of Excellence at the UK University of York nova-Institut DE Organic Waste Systems BE Stichting Dienst Landbouwkundig Onderzoek, NL Institute Food & Bio-based Research Agricultural University of Athens GR
  • 19. Work Packages • WP1 - Project Management (NEN) • WP2 – Stakeholder consultation and dissemination (nova Institute) • WP3 – Bio-based carbon content (ECN) • WP4 – Biomass content (Univ. York ) • WP5 – Bottlenecks and impacts on functionality tests (nova Inst) • WP6 – Biodegradability (OWS) 19
  • 20. Link with standardisation Research results Stakeholder Public Workshops Balloting Research needs
  • 21. Example: Determination of Bio-based carbon content KBBPPS WP 3: Bio-based CEN/TC 411 WG 3: Biobased carbon content content •Development of sampling and test methodology for the determination of biogenic carbon in a wide variety • Standardization of a method of product types or streams determining the bio-based •Assessment of improving sampling carbon content of products methodology in line with those for • Standardization of a method overall biomass content determining the bio-based determination content of products, other than •Incorporation of the possibility to bio-based carbon content obtain a horizontal methodology •Reproducibility check of the test methodology 21
  • 22. Sampling and biogenic carbon determination KBBPPS CEN/TC 411 Description of Existing horizontal standards methods Capture in Technical verification of Specification the method applicability Definition of scope of EN interlaboratory standard rugedness tests for precision Publication of determination EN standard 22
  • 23. Example 2: biodegradability of biosolvents KBBPPS WP 6: Biodegradability CEN/TC 411 WG 2: Biosolvents •Report on current relevant biodegradation and ecotoxicity • Development of standards for standards for bio-lubricants and solvents, covering product biosolvents. functionality (performance), •Review of current biodegradation toxicity, ecotoxicity, test methods in different biodegradability, safety environments • If necessary, product specific •Existing test procedures for and sustainability aspects not evaluating environmental safety. covered under another •Difficulties and gaps in the current CEN/TC 411 working group. test methods 23
  • 24. Iterations of standard setting process. 24
  • 25. Role of standards Ortt and Schoormans (2004) 25
  • 26. Conclusions • Moving into the second phase of its first technology lifecycle • Only a fraction of the standards that will eventually govern the development of bio-based chemicals are already in place • Now is a crucial time for standardisation • Basic standards which affected the rest of the technology life cycle come into existence • Foundations for further development of bio-based products are established 26

Editor's Notes

  1. 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 16/04/13
  2. 2005 CEN – all rights reserved 16/04/13
  3. 16-04-13
  4. 16-04-13
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  6. 16-04-13
  7. different environments (fresh water, marine environment, anaerobic environment, soil and compost) 16-04-13