Introduction to Sports Injuries by- Dr. Anjali Rai
TA Sciences Presentation
1. “I want LONGER Telomeres” Oprah Winfrey -November 1st, 2007 Long Telomeres Short Telomeres
2. Telomere Biology: The Emerging Paradigm Shift Presentation by: Noel Thomas Patton Founder and Chairman Telomerase Activation Sciences, Inc. Revised Feb. 3, 2010
3. Telomere Biology: A Remarkable Breakthrough in Medicine 2009 Nobel Prize in medicine awarded for discovery of telomerase Telomeres are the single most important sequences of DNA because they protect all the other DNA on our chromosomes Short telomeres are associated with almost every affliction of old age Long Telomeres are associated with healthy aging and longevity
5. Telomere Length vs. Cellular Age Somatic Cellsgenerally have little or no telomerase and telomeres shorten as we get little older Conception: Our telomeres start out 15,000 base pairs long By Birth the embryo has divided so many times that telomere length is down to 10,000base pairs Over the rest of our lifetime we lose another 5,000 base pairs and when they get down to roughly 3-5,000 most of us will be dead!
6. Bottom Line: Short Telomeres = the “Kiss of Death” People with shorter telomeres in their immune cells had twice the risk of death from heart failure as patients with the longest telomeres. From A study sponsored by the American Heart Association (2008) Farzaneh-Fal et al. “Prognostic Value of Leukocyte Telomere Length in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease: Data From the Heart and Soul Study.” Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis & Vascular Biology. 2008. 28(7):1379-1384. 100 year olds in good health had “significantly longer” telomeres than those with health problems. Study reported in Journals of Gerontology (2008)Delara et al. “Association of Longer Telomeres With Better Health in Centenarians.” The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 208. 63:809-812.
7. What can be done to keep telomeres long? Lead a healthy lifestyle Activate Telomerase
8. What is Telomerase? TELOMERASE is an enzyme that confers longevity to cells It does this by lengthening telomeres Activating Telomerase will extend the life ofcells beyond the Hayflick Limit
9. Telomerase Telomere hTERT hTR template Telomerase is a molecular motor that adds new DNA onto the ends of telomeres Slide courtesy of Woody Wright, Ph.D.
10. Slide courtesy of Woody Wright, Ph.D. Telomerase Extends Cell Life Span and Overcomes the Hayflick Limit 160 ] hTERT + Cells have Telomerase 140 120 100 Population Doublings ] hTERT - Cells have No Telomerase 80 60 40 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 Days Slide courtesy of Woody Wright, Ph.D.
11. Telomerase can be turned on with a nutraceutical 2000: The Corporation discovered TA-65 a single molecule that turns on Telomerase 2002: T.A. Sciences exclusively licensed TA-65 from Geron 2007: TA-65 commercialized as a nutraceutical capsule through licensee doctors
12. How does TA-65Work? TA-65 activates telomerase in certain cells and lengthens telomeres and/or slows their rate of loss. This allows cells to live longer in a more “youthful” state.
13. 10,000 genes on a chip Schematic of cell rejuvenation using hTERT: Gene Expression Comparison: Telomerized (rejuvenated to “Young”) Young Old (notice overall changes) Actual data in: Funk et al, Exp Cell Res, 2000
14. Is TA-65the “Fountain of Youth”? No, not in the case of a total human being: TA-65 activates telomerase in selected biological systems, not in every cell of the entire organism But, TA-65 users have seen statistically significant improvements in their immune system, bone density, sexual performance, and several other key areas
15. Is it the “Holy Grail?” Maybe. For the first time in mankind’s age-old quest, something has the potential to extend maximum human lifespan When cells in a petri dish in the lab have a constant supply of TA-65, the Hayflick limit is extended and death from old age is delayed
21. Decreased Lifespan!These Mice are the Same Age! The one on top has no telomerase. Long Telomeres Rudolph, et al Cell 1999 Samper, et al EMBO rep 2001 Slide courtesy of Bill Andrews
22. Human skin on a mouse Old Telomerized Skin Reconstitution: Old Cells Become Young Young Slide courtesy of Bill Andrews Funk et al, Exp Cell Res, 2000
23. Broad Potential for Tissue System Regeneration Immune cells – memory and naïveHematopoietic stem cellsLung alveolar cells Skin – dermis, epidermis, vasculatureVascular intima (endothelium)Osteoblasts, MSCsGI track epithelial cells Liver – hepatocytesRetinal pigmented tissue of eye ChondrocytesSkeletal muscleKidney – cortex *Cardiomyocytes*Neural cells *No significant bulk telomere loss, but still a protective effect of telomerase activation. Harley, Current Mol Med., 2005 Garcia, Wright, Shay, Nucl. Acid Res., 2007 Aviv, Hypertension, 2009; Calado, NEJM, 2009 Slide courtesy of Calvin Harley, Ph.D. 2010
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25. Who takes TA-65? Knowledgeable professionals capable of determining risk/reward ratios About half of our clients are MD’s or PhD’s Several are well known Telomere Biologists Who should take TA-65? Anyone over 40 who wants to intervene in age related decline Particularly those who have measured their Telomeres and found them to be short
26. Telomerase and Cancer: The Red Herring: Pre-cancerous cells result from a minimum of 4 specific genetic mutations that cause a loss of growth control. Because these cells are rapidly dividing, their telomeres soon become short and they will die. But if a further mutation occurs that permanently activates telomerase, the cell will become immortal and fully cancerous. This relationship of telomerase to cancer has caused some biologists to fear telomerase activators. But telomerase is not an oncogene, it simply is a mechanism to allow cells to live longer. That is exactly what is required if a person wants to extend their lifespan. The vast majority of our 10 trillion cells are healthy and never lose growth control. Obviously to increase lifespan, our healthy cells have to live longer.
27. Safety 5 years of development and safety testing before introducing TA-65 Hundreds of clients taking TA-65 Some for as long as 3 years Not a single adverse reaction reported by our licensed physicians Not a single diagnosis of new cancer Not a single report of increased cancer load for clients who already had cancer
29. People currently taking TA-65 have seen the following results* Lengthening of the Shortest Telomeres. (These are the ones that really matter; it only takes one short Telomere out of the 92 in every cell to send a cell into crisis) Improved Immune system: In particular the % and absolute number of senescent CD8+/28- cells has significantly decreased. This is a reversal of what normally happens with age Improved bone density Improved cardiovascular and hormonal biomarkers that normally show decline with age There are also anecdotal results, such as improved energy and athletic performance, but these effects are not universal and vary among individuals *Human trial results substantiating these claims to be published in a peer reviewed scientific journal
30. TA-65The Only Proven Telomerase Activating Product! Available through licensed doctors Thanks to: Calvin Harley Bill Andrews Woody Wright Maria Blasco for their contributions to Telomere Biology and this presentation
Editor's Notes
I am not a scientist or a doctor. I am a businessman. But some of the best scientists in the world such as Dr. Calvin Harley are advising us. I got interested in telomere biology when I turned 50 and started to notice the ugly ravages of age peeking around the corner. I wanted to do something to save my own ass. That was 14 years ago and since then I have personally worked with no salary and invested millions of dollars to bring our telomerase activating product,TA-65 to market. My personal goal is to play a significant role in the battle to “cure aging.”
Let me give some quick definitions:There are 2 basic types of cells in our bodies. GERM cells and SOMATIC cells. GERM cells are our reproductive cells: EGGS and SPERM. Eggs are unusual since they don’t divide after birth, but sperm are continually generated so they have telomerase turned on all the time and their telomeres never get short. In fact, older men have slightly longer telomeres than young men.SOMATIC cells are all the rest of the cells in our body. The telomerase gene in these cells is turned off most of the time and telomeres shorten with age. We can pass on the genes in our germ cells to our children, but when our body (scientifically referred to as the “soma”) dies, all of the genetic material in those cells dies also. It is somatic cells that we are talking about when we talk about normal human aging. Note: Stem cells are specialized somatic cells, they have some telomerase and their telomeres stay longer than ordinarysomatic cells. But they still age, just not as fast. I also want to define “Base Pairs.” Base pairs are units of DNA that make up the chromosomes. That includes the DNA at the tips of our chromosomes that forms telomeres.
Here are a couple examples from the scientific literature:
Do what your doctor says: Eat well, exercise, avoid stress, don’t smoke, and so on.To activate telomerase it is possible to do gene therapy on cells in a lab, but that is not currently possible in live humans; for living people there is only one thing available, our product TA-65.
There is a gene that I will call the telomerase gene, it’s scientific name is hTERT. When that gene is turned on, it causes the enzyme telomerase to be produced. TA-65 is a single small molecule that comes in 25mg capsules. TA-65 transiently turns on the hTERT gene and activates telomerase.
The TA-65 molecule comes from the Astragalus plant that has been in the food chain for over 1,000 years. Because TA-65 is a nutraceutical, it does not need to go through the FDA. We don’t have to wait another decade or more before people can do something about short telomeres.Aging and resulting frailty has been thrust on us by nature without our consent. The resulting decline of vitality and suffering is one of the more tragic aspects of the human condition. I am proud to have an opportunity to do something positive about it.
Gene therapy depicted
The data from current TA-65 users has been evaluated scientifically by Calvin Harley, PhD. and clinically by Joseph Raffaele, M.D.
These graphs show some of the results of a double blind, placebo controlled study we did in 2005. This pivotal study is what prompted us to settle on the specific TA-65 molecule. I should mention that our license from Geron gives us rights to ALL their Telomerase Activators and we could have chosen any other molecule they were working on. TA-65 is in no way a second rate activator.
Who takes: All our clients are informed about Telomere Biology. We do no advertising and make no unsubstantiated claims. Who should take: In general, the shorter one’s telomeres, the more they are likely to benefit from TA-65
2 cancer questions:If a person has cancer, will TA cause the cancer to grow faster? NO. Cancer cells are immortal with the Telomerase gene (TERT) turned on full blast permanently. A transient activator like TA-65 would have absolutely no effect on a fully cancerous cell. You can’t make something immortal more immortal than it already is.Short telomeres cause double strand breaks and end-to--end fusion of chromosomes which in turn cause mutations and cancer. Remember “Short Telomeres are the Kiss of Death.”
Now I want to play a short clip from a presentation made by Dr. Bill Andrews, a noted Telomere Biologist who is the co-discoverer of the telomerase gene.
Thank you Bill. And by the way Bill deserves a special thanks. He was the first 3rd party scientist to recognize the importance of TA-65 and to independently verify that TA-65 actually works as a telomerase activator. And he was the first paying customer to go on TA-65. There is one thing he said that I want to comment on. Bill said that TA-65 only turns on telomerase “a little.” This is exactly what we want to do. In cancer cells, the telomerase gene is turned on full blast and turned on permanently. That makes the cell immortal. TA-65 turns it on transiently; when you stop taking it, the gene shuts off again. We do not immortalize cells and we don’t want to. The earlier slides show conclusive evidence that TA-65 is a telomerase activator and they also show the reasoning behind why we think it is safe. The next slide shows some of the results from our clients who have taken TA-65 for a year or longer.
Notice that TA-65 has a number of significant effects that cross over between different organ systems. This is not surprising because the method of action is universal. In theory a telomerase activator should be beneficial to each and every cell it gets into.
