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IE-007 Erp簡介
1. ERP簡介
C. Ou-Yang (歐陽超)
Professor
Dept. of Industrial Management
National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
2. ERP Definition
An accounting oriented information system
for identifying and planning the enterprise
wide resources needed to take, make, ship
and account for customer orders.
3. ERP Definition
(Continued)
An ERP system differs from the typical MRPII
system in technical requirements such as graphical
user interface, relational database, and computer
aided software engineering tools in development ,
client/server architecture, and open-system
portability.
Customer-oriented manufacturing management
system
Resources: APICS (American Production and Inventory Control Society)
美國生產管理學會
4. Elements of ERP
Production
Planning
Integrated
Logistics
Sales,
Customer/
Distribution
Employee
(Order Entry)
Accounting &
Financials
Human
Resources
5. ERP Functions-SAP Case
Logistics Accounting
SD FI
Sales & Financial
Distribution Accounting
MM AM
Materials
Asset
Mgmt.
Mgmt.
PP
CO
Production
R/3 Controlling
Planning
PS
QM
Project
Quality
System
Mgmt. PM
OC
Cross Application
Plant
Office
Maintenance
HR Comm
IS
Functions
Human Industry
Resources Solutions
Human Resources
6. SAP Function Overview
-SD (Sales and Distribution)
The solution for the integrated handling of all
tasks for sales, shipping and billing.
Sales Support Sales
• Competitors •Customer inquiry MM
• Sales activities PP
• Customer quotation PM
• Direct mailing campaigns • Order processing CO
•Orders FI
•Scheduling agreements PS
•Contracts
Billing
Shipping
•Picking
• Invoice FI MM
•Packing
CO FI
• Credit/Debit memo •Transportation
7. PP CO SD FI MM
利潤分析 產生訂單
預期營收
相關成本
訂單內容
建立訂單
MRP 保留存貨
撿貨
交貨 請款文件
出貨
應收帳款
現金管理
存貨扣除
客戶信用
風險管理
8. SAP Function Overview
-MM (Material Management)
MRP Purchasing Warehouse Mgmt
PP
• BOM FI
PP
• Requisition
• Lot sizing PP
SD SD
• Order creation CO
• Invoice verification
AM
Receiving Inventory Management
FI
• Cycle counting
• Quality assurance
• Physical inventory
• Inspection QM
PP
• Movement PP
SD
9. CO MM FI SD PP
檢查存貨
採購成本計算 採購
存貨預留
出具請購單
庫存成本計算 庫存管理 物料需求規劃
發貨單確認 決定發貨單帳號
10. SAP Function Overview
-PP (Production Planning)
Sales & Operation Capacity Planning
SD
Management Distribution Requirements Planning
SD
MRP MM
Production Planning/MPS
CO
Production Activity Control
12. SAP Function Overview
-FI&AM (Financial Accounting & Asset
Management)
General Ledger Account Payable
• Financial Statements MM
•Account Analysis
• Account Analysis MM
MM
•Payments History FI
• Multi-currency CO
• Taxation
SD
Accountable Receivable
MM
• Account Analysis SD
•Credit
Asset Management FI
PP
•Asset Values Cash Management
CO
• Depreciation Forecast FI
• Additions PS
• Cash Plan
• Retirements • Cash Forecasting
13. HR MM FI SD
PP
會計總帳
應收帳款 銷貨與交貨
採購材料之
應付帳款
驗收入庫
員工薪資 應付薪資處理
14. SAP Function Overview
-CO (Controlling)
Profit Center Accounting Cost Center Accounting
MM
MM MM
• Financial Statements • Cost Center Expense
SD CO
• Management Account Analysis • Planning
FI
• Multi-currency • Budgeting
Internal Order Profitability Analysis
CO
SD
• Project Tracking PS
PS
• Profitability
• Planning AM
• Budgeting CO
PA
15. SAP Function Overview
-Financial Integration
EIS
Department
A/P
MM Acct.
Job/Work
A/R
SD Orders
Payroll Project
HR
Logistics
Management
Product
AM FA Costing
MM
Inventory Profitability
Analysis
Document Database
Optical archive
16. Business Process
Customer Company Supplier
order Purchasing
material
placing
vendor data
data provide
purchase shipment
shipment
order
purchasing
release
procure-
ment
demand
occured
drawings
product
create
data material product
PO customer
data
order product
order
purchase production
acceptance finished
processing
order
sales laundry machine
office
IT system
Order Processing Production
Legend
IT resources, or machine resources
data function organization material
22. Build or Buy ERP Software
The reasons to buy commercial off- the-shelf
(COTS) software from third-party vendors :
Few organizations can maintain the high total cost of
ownership and complexity associated with developing
and maintaining custom-designed apps.
Installed applications are becoming technically
outdated and the ongoing re-design of business
processes makes existing software functionally
outdated.
23. Build or Buy ERP Software
Off-the-shelf solutions integrate the best
business practices from a variety of industries.
The ability to import and adopt these best
business practices translates into bottom-line
improvements.
Companies realize that software development
may not be a core competency. It's estimated
that more than 70 percent of internal software
projects fail. To minimize risk, companies
increasingly outsource development activities.
24. Build or Buy ERP Software
These apps require organizations to reengineer
established business practices to accommodate
application constraints, or to customize the apps
with labor-intensive reprogramming to fit their
needs.
These COTS requirements significantly challenge
resource-constrained organizations.
COTS solutions also do not provide a competitive
edge for long. Any technology can buy.
25. The Capabilities of COTS ERP
Solutions
Consolidation of the back office.
Consolidating back-office functions allows
companies present a single face to suppliers.
To centralize operations
Facilitation of changes in business practices
Companies take the best practices solutions in
various ERP to assist change.
26. The Capabilities of COTS ERP
Solutions
Facilitation of changes in technology.
Using flexible software tool sets, customers
modify the application suites to accommodate
their business practices, without regard for the
underlying hardware, software, and network
technologies.
27. 3-Tier Client/Server Architecture
Presentation Server:
Allows human-to-computer interaction by means of the keyboard, mouse,
and monitor.
The software includes a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) that
takes requests from the user and passes them on to the application server.
Application Server
Prepare, format, and process incoming data (add an new order, search
customer record)
Sometimes,application servers connect with databases and on-line
services to provide information that users request or to make changes to
the database.
Database Server
stores information that servers can use.
The software on the database server controls database management and
batch processing.
28. 3 Tier Architecture
Presentation . . . Internet
TCP/IP
Application
Dispatcher
Work-
Work- Work-
Work- Work-
Work-
process process process
Remote SQL
Database
29. Integrating BP into IT Development
User Interface
A B C D
Business
Process
Applications Databases
30.
31. 傳統軟體發展流程
Defining the problem : 定義問題
Planning the solution : 設計解決的
方案(演算方法)
Coding the program : 編寫程式
Testing the program : 測試程式
Documenting the program: 編寫程式的
發展文件
37. The Future of ERP Applications
Components, not modules.
Incremental migration,rather than massive
reengineering.
Dynamic, rather than static, configuration of
ERP systems.
the ability to create dynamic suites of
applications rather than best of practice
components.
