2.  INTRODUCTION
 PROPERTIES
 FACTORS AFFECTING THE SELECTION OF
ROOFING MATERIAL
 TYPES OF
ROOF COVERING

3. 
Roofing tiles are used to cover sloping roofs.
Supported on wooden reapers or light gauge steel
or steed rods are also used.

Normally these tiles are having curved surface
having ribbed sections, so that with thin section
they are sufficiently strong to resist the load.

Some times flat tiles are used under
curved/ribbed tiles.

4. 1. They should not absorb moisture more than
20 per cent by weight.
2. They should give pleasing look.
3. They should be capable of taking load of a
man safely, after they are supported on
reapers.
4. They should be durable.
5. They should be uniform in shape and size.
6. warpage should not exceed 2% along the
edges and 1.5% along the diagonal.

5. •
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Type of building
Type of framework
Initial cost
Maintenance requirements
Fabrication facilities
Appearance and special features of locality
Availability of material
Climate of locality

6. • SLATE ROOFING TILES
• ALLHABAD TILES
• BURNT CLAY TILES
• CONCRETE TILES

7. SLATES
ROOFING

8. • Extremely low water absorption
index, less than 0.4%, which makes its
resistant to frost damage.
• Consists of bituminous slates called
eternit (generic term for fiber cement).
• Available in three colours-grey,black and
red.
• SIZE- 12’’x6’’, 6mm thickness
• COST- 25-30/Sq.ft

9. Slates are obtained from quarries as
blocks
Reduced to slabs after dividing into
sections using diamond or circular saw.
Each slab is divided into thin laminate
or slate by using splitters

10. 
Slates roofs tiles are usually
fixed either with nails or
with hooks.

Fixing is typically with
double nails onto timber
battens or nailed direclty
onto timbersarking boards.
nails are made up of alloy
and stainless steel.
3/6/2014

11. LAYING
• Laid such that each slate
overlaps a slate in the next
course below it.
• Two holes are made from
the bed of the slab at the
centre or head so
• Slates are fixed to battens
by copper or zinc nails.
• The spacing of battens
i.e,gauge is determined as
gauge=(length of slatelap)/2
• A layer of felt is used
below slate to exclude rain
water and moisture.
Battens
SLATES
OVERLAP

12. ALLAHABAD
TILES

13. • Allahabad tiles are generally laid side by side and the joints are
covered with half round tiles.
• It consists of flat broad bottom undertile that alternate with
convex curved overtile.
• Unfertile is flat,tapered,with flanges at the side.
• The overtile is half round and tapered in plan with diameter
tapering from 16 cm at tail to 12 cm at the head.
• The taper in the overtile allow the tile in next course to fit in.
• Vertical battens of size 2.2cmx7.5cm are fixed between sides
of adjacent undertiles and to these half round overtiles.
• Overtiles are fixed to vertical battens with 75 mm nails.
• Cost- 55-145 Sq.ft

14. BURNT CLAY TILES

15. 
Clay roofing tile is a good choice for homes with a
southwestern, Italian, or Spanish Mission design, or
even for homes with a modern, clean look.

Tile lasts a long time

Burnt clay tile roofs are only used for sloping roofs
between about 20° and 50° inclination of rafter.

Clay tiles are heavy, requiring a strong substructure
and closely spaced battens.

SIZES- 2’’x6’’
3’’x 8’’(Max)

COST-45-65/ sq.ft

16. ADVANTAGE
 Tile won't rot or burn, and it
can't be harmed by insects.

The color of a clay tile is not
affected by exposure to the
elements, it can easily last for
100of years.
DISADVANTAGE

A major problem of clay tiles is the
immense loss due to cracking and
breakage.

Clay tile production is a traditional
village craft in many regions, but
uniform shapes and qualities are
difficult to achieve.

17. 
Special properties- Durable, waterproof
cladding for sloped roofs

Economical aspects -Low to medium costs

Resistance to earthquake- Low

Resistance to hurricane- Medium to good

Resistance to rain- Very good

Resistance to insects -Very good

Climatic suitability- All climates, but most
common in humid areas

18. PROCESS USED TO CREATE
OBJECTS OF A FIXED, CROSSSECTIONAL PROFILE

19. Burnt clay tiles requires
inspections at least twice a year
so as to last for further years.
 They often develop cracks with
years.
 A cracked tile needs to be
replaced or repaired in place.
 Mix up a small amount of mortar
and carefully fill in the crack. Be
sure to wet the tile with plenty of
water to help the mortar set up
properly.


Tiles will be slippery when wet

20. CONCRETE
TILES

21. 
Plain tiles, pantiles, Roman
tiles, interlocking tiles, and
ridge, hip and valley tiles are
made of this material.

pantiles
The mixture is composed of
normal Portland cement and
clean well-graded sand.

ridge
The body treated with mineral
granules which have been
coated with color.
Roman tiles

22. 
Durability estimates range from 30 to 50
years.

Weigh between 9 1/2 and 12 pounds(1
pound =.45 gram) per square foot.

Size is 265mm by 165 mm and 12mm thick.

Require low maintenance

Offer good fire protection and are
resistant to rot and insects.
COST-
INR 150 to INR 300/ Sq.ft

24. The usual lap for plain tiling is 65mm, for pitched roof at 37
degree.
For pitches up to 60 degree the tiles should be twice nailed
in every third course to once nailed in each course.
For pitches exceeding 60 degree all tiles should be nailed
twice.
The nails are usually 38 mm long and may be either
galvanized wrought iron, zinc, copper or composition.

25. M
A
N
U
F
A
C
T
U
R
I
N
G
PROCESS USED TO CREATE OBJECTS OF A
FIXED, CROSS-SECTIONAL PROFILE

26. 
THANK U