Bosnia civil war (1991-1995) final version

BOSNIA-CIVIL WAR (1991-1995) ( EASTERN EUROPE)

It’s a conflict between groups in the same nation state or less commonly between 2 or more countries created from a formerly united nation. CHARACTERISTICS: -High intensity conflict –Often involving regular armed forces -Civil wars may result in large casualties.
WHAT IS A CIVIL WAR?

There are three ethnic groups in Bosnia: 1-THE SERBS (Orthodox)
2-THE CROATS (Roman CATHOLIC)
3- THE BOSNIAKS (MUSLIMS) – The Bosnian nationalist goal was a united country with Sarajevo as it’s capital city comprising all the religious groups.
ETHNIC GROUPS

After the Cold War, there were elections in non-Communist governments ( in 4 of the 6 Yugoslavian republics). These events crumbled the Yugoslavian Federation.
PRE-WAR

The northern Republics of Croatia and Slovenia were seeking for independence from Yugoslavia. And by 1991 they realize they could not trust the Serbian government run by Slobodan Milosevic (President of Serbia).There was constant tension and aggression. There was a referendum on the assertion of sovereignty of both Slovenia and Croatia, that declared their independence from Yugoslavia.
THE CONFLICT

There was no acceptance by the Serbs who refused to be a part of the new Croatian state.Immediately after, the invasions started in both regions supported by the powerful Serb leader, Slobodan Milosevic. Since Serbia was better armed, soon was able to take over the 70% of the country in a few months. Serb and Croatian forces were strengthened by troops and supplies from outside.
THE CONFLICT

UN and NATO bombed the Serbs to force them to stop the attacks. In November 1995 DAYTON AGRREMENT negotiations began in Dayton, Ohio, and the treaty was finally signed in Paris in December 1995 by Us (B.Clinton), France(J Chirac), Germany, Russia, the UK(J.Major) and the three representatives of the three ethnic groups. The treaty ends 3 years of war in the Balkan region.
THE CONFLICT

1991 –Referendum for independence from Yugoslavia. –Serbian invasion to “protect”the minority.
1992 -The European Community and US recognize the independence of Bosnia. –Massive attacks began.
TIMELINE

1993 –Interine report issued to the security council. –Establisment of an International Tribunal .
1994 Declaration of cease-fire by NA TO. –Mass rapes of Muslim women.
1995 –NATO bombing campaign. –Bosnia and Croatia retake the power. –Dayton Accord in Ohio
TIMELINE

Today it is divided into a two-part confederation
1 -The central,western and southern parts which are inhabited by the Bosnian Muslims and the Croats. The Bosnians were granted 51% of the country(FEDERATION OF Bosnia and Herzegovina).
2 -The Republic of Srpska (Serb Republic) divided into two parts: the northern and the eastern.
BOSNIA TODAY

Each entity has its own government, police and military forces. –Acentral government handles banking and foreign policies.
BOSNIA TODAY

Bosnia Today

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Bosnia civil war (1991-1995) final version

by Penny Lane on Oct 22, 2010

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Bosnia civil war (1991-1995) final version — Presentation Transcript