to animals, people and environment Mike Appleby Chief scientific adviser Animal welfare matters

Climate change Livestock sector responsible for 18% of greenhouse gas emissions Meat and milk production projected to double by 2050 FAO 2006

Livestock sector responsible for 18% of greenhouse gas emissions

Meat and milk production projected to double by 2050

FAO 2006

Intensive farming 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2 <500 500-1000 1000-2000 >2000 Farm size Area per pig (m 2 )

Prospects in S. Korea Further growth of intensive farming Environmentally friendly payment scheme Reducing manure production Reducing animal numbers Reducing antibiotic use

Further growth of intensive farming

Environmentally friendly payment scheme

Reducing manure production

Reducing animal numbers

Reducing antibiotic use

Livestock’s Long Shadow: Systems Grazing (> 10% dry feed matter produced on farm, <10 livestock units/ha) Rainfed mixed (> 90% non-livestock farm production from rain fed land use) Irrigated mixed (> 10% non-livestock farm production from irrigated land use) Landless/industrial (< 10% dry feed matter produced on farm, >10 livestock units/ha)

Grazing (> 10% dry feed matter produced on farm, <10 livestock units/ha)

Rainfed mixed (> 90% non-livestock farm production from rain fed land use)

Irrigated mixed (> 10% non-livestock farm production from irrigated land use)

Landless/industrial (< 10% dry feed matter produced on farm, >10 livestock units/ha)

Intensiveness Years

Five Freedoms Freedom from hunger and thirst Freedom from discomfort Freedom from pain, injury, disease Freedom to express normal behaviour Freedom from fear and distress UK’s Farm Animal Welfare Council

Freedom from hunger and thirst

Freedom from discomfort

Freedom from pain, injury, disease

Freedom to express normal behaviour

Freedom from fear and distress

UK’s Farm Animal Welfare Council

Sustainable livestock production Ecologically sound, economically viable, socially just and humane Problems and solutions depend on: Numbers of animals Type of animals (ruminants vs others) Management: housing, feeding, manure treatment Processing, transport Ecological Economical Ethical

Ecologically sound, economically

viable, socially just and humane

Problems and solutions depend on:

Numbers of animals

Type of animals (ruminants vs others)

Management: housing, feeding, manure treatment

Processing, transport

Ecological

Economical

Ethical

Climate change & sustainability Human health Poverty & hunger reduction Animal management Disaster management Social development

A billion of the world’s poorest people depend on animals for food, income, social status or cultural identification, as well as companionship and security

A billion of the world’s poorest people depend on animals for food, income, social status or cultural identification, as well as companionship and security

Taking the arguments seriously EU Animal Welfare Action Plan Intergovernmental organizations International Finance Corporation UN Food & Agriculture Org. Good Agricultural Practices Capacity building OIE Animal welfare standards WTO ?

EU

Animal Welfare Action Plan

Intergovernmental organizations

International Finance Corporation

UN Food & Agriculture Org.

Good Agricultural Practices

Capacity building

OIE

Animal welfare standards

WTO ?

Climate change & sustainability Human health Poverty & hunger reduction Animal management Disaster management Social development Animal neglect negative effects Animal care positive effects